- EAAT1 (cerebellar glia), EAAT2 (forebrain glia), EAAT3 (cortical neurons), EAAT4 (cerebellar Purkinje neurons) and EAAT5 (retina). (tocris.com)
- Jensen and Bauner-Osborne (2004) Pharmacological characterization of human excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT1, EAAT2 and EAAT3 in a fluorescense-based membrane potential assay. (tocris.com)
- Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (lotuskringpoeldijk.nl)
- Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2) in samples from Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (lotuskringpoeldijk.nl)
- Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids. (lotuskringpoeldijk.nl)
- Glutamate transporters , also known as excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), are sodium- and potassium-dependent members of the solute carrier family 6 (SLC1), widely distributed throughout the brain. (tocris.com)
- Functions of glutamate transporters include regulation of excitatory neurotransmission , maintenance of low ambient extracellular glutamate concentrations (protects against neurotoxicity) and providing glutamate for metabolism through the glutamate-glutamine cycle. (tocris.com)
- Overactivity of glutamate transporters has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and other mental illnesses, whilst underactivity is seen in ischemia and traumatic brain injury. (tocris.com)
- Glutamate transporters are essential players in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the brain, where they maintain extracellular glutamate below cytotoxic levels and allow for rounds of transmission. (elifesciences.org)
- Sodium and aspartate symporter Glt Ph is an archaeal homolog of human glutamate transporters, which clear the neurotransmitter glutamate from the synaptic cleft following rounds of neurotransmission ( Danbolt, 2001 ). (elifesciences.org)
- Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and is removed from the synaptic cleft by sodium-dependent glutamate transporters. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Glutamate transporters maintain the concentration of glutamate within the synaptic cleft at low levels, preventing glutamate-induced cell death (Kanai et al. (org.es)
- Subsequent to our kinetic identification of the transport process, significant advances have been achieved in the genetic and protein identification and characterization of the X AG - transporter class as EAATs (excitatory amino acid transporters). (biomedcentral.com)
- GLAST and GLT-1 are localized primarily in astrocytes 6, 7 , whereas EAAC1 (refs 8, 9), EAAT4 (refs 9, 10, 11) and EAAT5 (ref. 5) are neuronal. (johnshopkins.edu)
- GLAST and GLT-1 are localized primarily in astrocytes6, 7, whereas EAAC1 (refs 8, 9), EAAT4 (refs 9, 10, 11) and EAAT5 (ref. 5) are neuronal. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Excitatory amino-acid transporter 4 (EAAT4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC1A6 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- Here we report the identification and characterization of two proteins, GTRAP41 and GTRAP48 (for glutamate transporter EAAT4 associated protein) that specifically interact with the intracellular carboxy-terminal domain of EAAT4 and modulate its glutamate transport activity. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Excitatory synapses in the brain, which use glutamate as the primary neurotransmitter, represent a crucial target for the action of stress and its mediators. (nature.com)
- Neurotransmitter molecules can also bind onto presynaptic autoreceptors and transporters, regulating subsequent release and clearing excess neurotransmitter from the cleft. (org.es)
- Glutamate (Fig. 1) is believed to be the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the retina. (org.es)
- EAAT4 is expressed predominantly in the cerebellum, has high affinity for the excitatory amino acids L-aspartate and L-glutamate. (wikipedia.org)
- This study shows that EAAC1 functions as the high-affinity L-aspartate transporter that is responsible for the uptake and accumulation of aspartate in prostate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- The identification of EAAC1 as the high-affinity L-aspartate transporter now permits studies to elucidate the mechanism of hormonal regulation of EAAC1 gene expression, and to investigate the mechanism by which the cellular environment effects the functioning of EAAC1 as an aspartate transporter or as a glutamate transporter. (biomedcentral.com)
- The kinetic properties are representative of the Na+- dependent high-affinity glutamate-aspartate transporters referred to as the X AG - class of amino acid transporters. (biomedcentral.com)
- An important unresolved issue was the identification of the putative prostate high-affinity L-aspartate transporter. (biomedcentral.com)
- Glutamate is incorporated into these cell types through a high affinity glutamate transporter located in the plasma membrane. (org.es)
- We have used a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify interacting proteins that may be involved in regulating EAAT4-the glutamate transporter expressed predominately in the cerebellum-or in targeting and/or anchoring or clustering the transporter to the target site. (johnshopkins.edu)
- L-Aspartic acid is used as a cell culture media component for the commercial biomanufacture of therapeutic recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Enhancer Of Zeste Homolog 1 (EZH1) in samples from tissue homogenates or other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
- Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mouse Enhancer Of Zeste Homolog 1 (EZH1) in Tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
- In contrast, in citrate-producing prostate cells, aspartate is an essential amino acid that must be derived from circulation. (biomedcentral.com)
- The present report is concerned with the identification of this putative L-aspartate transporter in rat and human prostate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- In other cells (predominantly excitable tissue cells), EAAC1 has been reported to function as a glutamate transporter rather than as an aspartate transporter. (biomedcentral.com)
- In these specialized prostate cells, aspartate is an essential amino acid that is derived from circulation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore the uptake and accumulation of cellular aspartate occurs against a 40:1 concentration gradient. (biomedcentral.com)
- Briefly, the transporters are homotrimers with each protomer consisting of a centrally located scaffold or trimerization domain and a peripheral transport domain that harbors the L-aspartate (L-asp) and three sodium (Na + ) ions binding sites. (elifesciences.org)
- Studies of EAAT4 and EAAC1 indicate an extrasynaptic localization on perisynaptic membranes that are near release sites 8-10 . (johnshopkins.edu)
- Studies of EAAT4 and EAAC1 indicate an extrasynaptic localization on perisynaptic membranes that are near release sites8-10. (johnshopkins.edu)
- The prostate intracellular/extracellular conditions present a 40:1 concentration gradient. (biomedcentral.com)
- As the transport domain translocates into the IFS, HP2 replaces HP1 on the domains interface, while HP1 now lines an intracellular vestibule leading to the substrate-binding site ( Figure 1-figure supplement 1 ). (elifesciences.org)
- Solute carrier family 1 member 3. (lbl.gov)
- Solute carrier family 1 member 2. (lbl.gov)
- HP2 lies on the surface of a large extracellular bowl formed by the transporter and occludes L-asp and three Na + -binding sites (NA1, 2, and 3). (elifesciences.org)
- 2009). Cotransports glutamic acid with three Na+ followed by countertransport of K+ (Teichman et al. (lbl.gov)
- Some neuroactive compounds are amino acids, which also have metabolic functions in the presynaptic cell. (org.es)
- Arriza et al (1994) Functional comparisons of three glutamate transporter subtypes cloned from human motor cortex. (tocris.com)
- 2009). CEAT1 couples glutamate uptake to the symport of 3 Na+ and 1 H+ followed by the antiport of 1 K+. (lbl.gov)
- This transporter selectively accumulates glutamate through a sodium-independent, ATP-dependent process (Naito and Ueda, 1983, Tabb and Ueda, 1991, Fykse and Fonnum, 1996), resulting in a high concentration of glutamate in each vesicle. (org.es)
- Neuroactive glutamate is classified as an excitatory amino acid (EAA) because glutamate binding onto postsynaptic receptors typically stimulates, or depolarizes, the postsynaptic cells. (org.es)
- Figure 1: The tripartite glutamate synapse. (nature.com)