• The first project focuses on E2F1, a regulator of genes important for cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (mdanderson.org)
  • As a consequence, any modulations of the target transcript expression, miRNAs can affect various signalling pathways and cellular process such as apoptosis, proliferation or differentiation. (ukessays.com)
  • This proadifen-MTX synergism was also mediated by the inhibition of various cellular proteins engaged in apoptosis, including Mc-1, Bcl-xL, survivin and activation of procaspase-3. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • An analysis of an interactome for apoptosis factor, Ei24/PIG8, using the inducible expression system and shotgun proteomics. (nih.gov)
  • E2F1 (UniprotKB: Q01094), belongs to the E2F family of transcription factor (TF), has a central role in regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis [ 11 , 12 ] and, therefore, E2F1 activity is tightly governed by multiple feedback mechanisms and by the tumour suppressor Rb. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He then did post-doctoral studies with Joseph Nevins at Duke University studying the control of Rb/E2F induction of proliferation and apoptosis. (umn.edu)
  • TGF B as a tumor promoter TGF B acts as tumor suppressor in normal epithelium, it inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. (mirnaarray.com)
  • DBC1 functions as a coactivator for AR-V7 and is required for the expression of AR-V7 target genes including CDH2, a mesenchymal marker linked to CRPC progression. (cancerindex.org)
  • 1) The alternation of protein levels of critical oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, which causes by miRNAs deregulation may also lead to proliferative diseases such as cancer. (ukessays.com)
  • As miRNAs proposed to control the expression up to one third of all genes and possibly utilised as diagnostic and prognostic marker for many genetic based diseases. (ukessays.com)
  • Citrullination of E2F-1 assists its chromatin association, specifically to cytokine genes in granulocyte cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • E2F is a group of genes that encodes a family of transcription factors in higher eukaryotes. (fortunepublish.com)
  • E2Fs, a set of genes that encode a family of transcription factors (TFs) in most higher eukaryotes, are generally divided into the following three subfamilies: transcriptional activator E2Fs (E2F1-E2F3), repressor E2Fs (E2F4-E2F5), and inhibitor E2Fs (E2F6-E2F8) [14,15]. (fortunepublish.com)
  • The target genes were predicted by the online programs picTar, miRanda and TargetScan and verified by dual luciferase assay, and changes in protein expression were detected by western blot. (researchsquare.com)
  • Because of their unique expression profile and special functions, miRNAs have been used as molecular markers to define the direction and processes of cell differentiation by regulating one or several target genes. (researchsquare.com)
  • Here, we show that p16 Ink4a deficiency enhances fasting-induced hepatic glucose production in vivo by increasing the expression of key gluconeogenic genes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Finder Array to evaluate the effects of unmodified and biotransformed green tea extract and EGCG on the expression profiles of 84 genes representative of the six biological pathways involved in transformation and tumorigenesis. (raf-signal.com)
  • Treatment with either unmodified or biotransformed green tea extract significantly changed the expression of 14% of the tested genes (12/84), whereas treatment with either unmodified or biotransformed EGCG altered the pattern of expression of 17% (14/84) of the genes. (raf-signal.com)
  • Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Low levels of c Myc make it possible for for TGF B induced tran scription of p15INK4B and p21CIP1 genes. (mirnaarray.com)
  • 1) This is resulting in the downregulation of the protein encoded by mRNA. (ukessays.com)
  • We observed a statistically significant increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in E2F1/3/5/7 compared with matched normal tissues. (fortunepublish.com)
  • E2F1 mRNA expression was also evaluated by RT-qPCR in the melanoma cell line, SK MEL 267, before and after exposure to heat stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results also suggest that environmental insults, such as heat stress, could contribute to an aberrant E2F1 activity by inducing E2F1 mRNA expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene expression, Kaplan-Meier survival, microRNA and transcription factor target analyses were performed with the University of Alabama Cancer (UALCAN) Database, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, LinkedOmics, WebGestalt and gene set enrichment analysis, respectively. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • SNHG4 is closely associated with miR-154 and miR-206, transcription factor target E2F family and the signaling pathway for MAPK/ERK and mTOR. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • For the other hand, down regulation of Id proteins in epithelial cells is because of activated SMAD3 that induces activating transcription factor expression then together with ATF directly represses the Id promoter. (mirnaarray.com)
  • We have discovered that E2F1 localizes to sites of both DNA double-strand breaks and UV-induced DNA damage and that this involves the phosphorylation of E2F1 by the ATM or ATR kinases. (mdanderson.org)
  • The physiological relevance of E2F1 in the DNA damage response is now being explored using a novel knock-in mouse model we developed that blocks E2F1 phosphorylation by ATM/ATR. (mdanderson.org)
  • Phosphorylation of RB1 disturbs its interaction with E2F1. (wuxibiortus.com)
  • negative ER of large reviews to such proteases of the critical phosphorylation is known professions to two phosphatase-1 reactions( Waizenegger et al. (erik-mill.de)
  • These findings indicate that E2F1 stimulates DNA repair through a non-transcriptional mechanism that functions in the context of chromatin. (mdanderson.org)
  • In addition, survival analysis revealed that SKCM patients with low transcriptional levels of E2F1/2/3/6 were associated with a significantly better prognosis. (fortunepublish.com)
  • Moreover, immune infiltrations analysis showed that transcriptional levels and somatic copy number alterations (SCNA) in E2F family were significantly correlated with several immune cell recruitments, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (fortunepublish.com)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
  • This cancer is caused by deregulation of the Rb/E2F pathway. (umn.edu)
  • Moreover, our studies demonstrate that E2F1 recruits chromatin-modifying enzymes to sites of damage to facilitate access to the DNA repair machinery. (mdanderson.org)
  • Accordingly, the combined inhibition of PAD4 and BRD4 disrupts the chromatin-bound complex and suppresses cytokine gene expression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the murine collagen-induced arthritis model, chromatin-bound E2F-1 in inflammatory cells and consequent cytokine expression are diminished upon small-molecule inhibition of PAD4 and BRD4, and the combined treatment is clinically efficacious in preventing disease progression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Chromatin assembly factor 1. (lookformedical.com)
  • Although initially discovered as a retinoblastoma binding protein it has an affinity for core HISTONES and is a subunit of chromatin assembly factor-1 and polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)
  • According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis, pathways positively related to adipogenic differentiation are significantly activated at the differentiation stage, while WNT, FOXO and other pathways that inhibit preadipocyte differentiation are negatively regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, we found that heat exposure alone can significantly induce E2F1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In fact, individuals with 3 or more adenomas on initial colonoscopy, including 1 or more measuring ≥10 mm, are significantly more likely to present with new lesions at the next colonoscopy [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1) For example, the down-regulation of miR15s and miR - 16 - 1 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, prostate cancer and pituitary tumours, leading to the inhibition of tumour growth and induce cell cycle arrest at the G 1 - phase by target cell cycle regulators ( cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cyclin D3 and CDK6). (ukessays.com)
  • We show for the first time that proadifen is able to enhance the cytotoxic properties of MTX in cBCRP cells, particularly through the inhibition of BCRP expression and activity. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, the inhibition of DNA damage repair proteins Ku86 and B23 after proadifen treatment indicate a possible role of proadifen in DNA repair blockage, thus suppressing the reparation rate of MTX-induced DSBs. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Other CDK in hibitory responses, observed in various cell kinds following exposure to TGF B, are inhibition of CDK4 expression and down regulation of CDC25A expression. (mirnaarray.com)
  • As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. (medindex.am)
  • The underlying mechanism lies in that miR-20b-5p overall enhanced both CCND1 and E2F1 targets via bidirectional regulation probably involving direct downregulation and indirect upregulation. (researchsquare.com)
  • One such mechanism involves the upregulation of immune checkpoints, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86)/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ovarian cancer is the most fatal malignant tumor of the female reproductive tract [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Studies have found that E2F1 is highly expressed in a variety of tumor tissues and cells and plays a role of oncogenic gene [ 10 - 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Retinoblastoma tumor cell proliferation is negatively associated with an immune gene expression signature and increased immune cells. (umn.edu)
  • S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first miRNA was discovered in 1993 by Lee, Freinbaum and Ambros ( 6 , 7 ), and since then an increasing load of literature data have pointed that they can act as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • [ 1 ] The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid neoplasms recognizes Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration as a new provisional entity that lacks MYC rearrangements but resembles Burkitt lymphoma morphologically, to a large extent phenotypically, and by gene expression profiling. (medscape.com)
  • Accordingly, potential targets of both CCND1 and E2F1 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. (researchsquare.com)
  • Additionally, DBC1 knockdown eliminated the up-regulation of MMP7, EMT-related proteins, and cell cycle-related proteins as well as the enhanced proliferation and invasiveness induced by ZNF326. (cancerindex.org)
  • Finally, we manually assembled a proposed regulation network model of subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation base on the expression data, and suggested that E2F1 may serve as an important link between the processes of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1) The regulation of these protein levels is vital for the understanding of the cell cycle control and its dysregulation. (ukessays.com)
  • We examined not just the effect of proadifen and MTX on the expression of BCRP, but we were also interested in other molecular mechanisms involved in the possible antitumour activity of proadifen alone and in combination with MTX, such as the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, proteins involved in the regulation of BCRP and proteins involved in the reparation of chemotherapeutic drug-induced DNA damage. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Mechanistically, citrullination augments binding of the BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal domain) family bromodomain reader BRD4 (bromodomain-containing protein 4) to an acetylated domain in E2F-1, and PAD4 and BRD4 coexist with E2F-1 on cytokine gene promoters. (ox.ac.uk)
  • SKCM accounts for only 2% of total skin cancers while causes over 72% of deaths in skin carcinoma due to its high malignancy and invasiveness [1-5]. (fortunepublish.com)
  • So far, the studies which explore the relationship between the E2F1 polymorphisms and ovarian cancer susceptibility are rare. (hindawi.com)
  • Since germline copy number variations (CNVs) have been associated with increased susceptibility to different types of cancer, the aim of our study was to assess germline E2F1 CNV in melanoma patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • the expression level of ZNF326 was inversely associated with advanced pTNM stage (P = 0.002), positive lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004), poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer (P = 0.0097), and ER/PR/Her2 status (P = 0.013). (cancerindex.org)
  • U2 auxiliary factor 2 (U2AF2) showed strong correlation with SNHG4 , while low-expression of U2AF2 showed good prognosis. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays both demonstrated that ZNF326 interacted with deleted in breast cancer-1 (DBC1) in breast cancer cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cells were treated with the inhibitors of iNOS (1.5 mM L-NAME), IDO (1 mM 1-methyl tryptophan), COX-1 (1 µM indomethacin) and COX-2 (1 µM nimesulide) before infection with tachyzoites of N. caninum (1:1 cell: parasite). (bvsalud.org)
  • BCRP expression was detected in several different solid tumours ( 1 - 5 ), as well as in malignant hematopoietic and lymphoid cells ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We show that E2F-1 is citrullinated by PAD4 in inflammatory cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • E2F1 is one of the transcription factors that cells enter the S phase and plays a key role in cell cycle. (hindawi.com)
  • Recently, we learned that these tumors express a gene expression "signature" that causes recruitment and accumulation of immune cells to these tumors. (umn.edu)
  • We utilize genome-wide approaches to understand the altered gene expression and 5hmC distribution in retinal cells lacking the Uhrf2 gene. (umn.edu)
  • The increased calcium influx into the pancreatic beta cells induces insulin secretion, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. (medindex.am)
  • These results show that the tested concentrations of EGCG were not genotoxic, meaning that they did not induce any significant DNA damage in the tested cells. (raf-signal.com)
  • The gene expression values presented were obtained by normalising expression levels to those selleck kinase inhibitor observed in the control cells. (raf-signal.com)
  • One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, 1 the LTA sequence isn't going to match the standard retromer binding criteria of staying very hydrophobic and wealthy selelck kinase inhibitor in aromatic amino acids, as observed for sortilin, CI MPR, DMT1 II, or sorLA, and 2 a lot of the aforementioned motifs were identified for their purpose in endosome to Golgi TGN trafficking. (mirnaarray.com)
  • TGF B induces the expression of the CDK inhibitor p15INK4B inside a assortment of cell sorts. (mirnaarray.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder involving a combination of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and increased hepatic glucose production ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Although emerging evidence indicates that E2Fs are implicated in various cancer types, the diverse expression patterns and prognostic values of E2F transcription factors in SKCM have yet to be elucidated. (fortunepublish.com)
  • Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC. (wuxibiortus.com)
  • Given the pivotal role that E2F1 has in cell proliferation, its involvement in melanoma growth and progression is not surprising. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) responsible for the catabolism of tryptophan and arginine, respectively, and cycloxigenase (COX) were studied comparing their modulation by respective inhibitors with the number of tachyzoites or the immune response measured by the release of IL-10 and TNF. (bvsalud.org)
  • These are responsible for abnormal gene expression, resulting in increased cancer cell proliferation and escape from immune surveillance, which can speed up the process of development into HCC. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of multiple copies of E2F1 gene in melanoma specimens which could explain the deregulated E2F1 activity in this type of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study is aimed at exploring whether rs3213172, rs3213173, and rs3213176 polymorphisms of the E2F1 gene confer risk for ovarian cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • E2F1 gene rs3213173 and rs3213176 polymorphisms confer no risk to ovarian cancer risk. (hindawi.com)
  • The CT genotype of E2F1 gene rs3213172 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer, and E2F1 gene rs3213172 polymorphism may be a novel marker for the risk prediction of ovarian cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • The present study is to explore whether E2F1 gene polymorphisms confer risk for ovarian cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • The International Agency for Research on Cancer designates alcohol as a type 1 carcinogen 1 . (nature.com)
  • Effect of EI24 expression on the tumorigenesis of Apc(Min/+) colorectal cancer mouse model. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, E2F1 has been considered as a potential therapeutic target for this form of skin cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Considering that heat stress has been hypothesised as a contributing factor to skin cancer, we also investigated the effect of heat stress on E2F1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is the first study that shows a relation between germline E2F1 CNV and melanoma, suggesting that altered copies of this gene might be a predisposing factor to skin cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This strongly supports the amplification of E2F1 gene in predisposing to cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide [1]. (researchsquare.com)
  • 1 Worldwide, HCC is the second and sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males and females, respectively. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database has accumulated abundant genomic and gene expression profiles for different diseases in the past decade. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Small non-protein-coding RNA molecules, composed of around 22 nucleotides, are commonly named as miRNAs ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • We examined hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in alcohol Western diet-fed hepatitis C virus NS5A Tg mice with hepatocyte-specific TBC1D15 deficiency or expression of non-phosphorylatable NUMB mutations. (nature.com)
  • Liver-specific TBC1D15 deficiency or non-p-NUMB expression reduced TIC numbers and HCC development. (nature.com)
  • Proadifen also decreased the expression of γH2AX, which is involved in the recruitment of reparation proteins. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a protein that modifies histone and non-histone proteins and is known to influence a wide variety of physiological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • E2F1 CNV was measured in genomic DNA isolated from blood of 552 patients diagnosed with melanoma and 520 healthy subjects using TaqMan Copy Number Assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that patients diagnosed with melanoma (1.6%, 9/552) harboured frequently altered germline E2F1 copies compared to healthy subjects (0%, 0/520). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, subjects with multiple constitutive copies of E2F1 are at greater risk of developing melanoma when exposed to heat. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite remarkable progress in the last few years in the detection and treatment of melanoma, the underlying molecular mechanism that triggers the development of melanoma is still poorly understood [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exogenous oleic acid alone successfully induced duck subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted, classified in relation to normal B-cell differentiation [1]. (lu.se)
  • Expression of SNHG4 in HCC is higher in HCC tissue than in normal healthy liver tissues and is mainly distributed in the nucleus. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Citrullination-acetylation interplay guides E2F-1 activity during the inflammatory response. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our results shed light on a new transcription-based mechanism that mediates the inflammatory effect of PAD4 and establish the interplay between citrullination and acetylation in the control of E2F-1 as a regulatory interface for driving inflammatory gene expression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types. (lookformedical.com)
  • Loss of UHRF2 expression is associated with human neoplasia, promoter hypermethylation, decreased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, and high proliferative activity. (umn.edu)
  • These variations, yet, will not be surprising, taking into account 1 the many roles these receptor fami lies have, 2 the differing experimental designs utilised, and, most im portant, three the myriad retromer functions which can be just now remaining recognized. (mirnaarray.com)
  • The following product was used in this experiment: CDK4 Polyclonal Antibody from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 11026-1-AP. (thermofisher.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)