Dysfunction of vascular endothelium. Medical search. Frequent questions

Endothelial dysfunction may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and may predate vascular pathology. (wikipedia.org)
Atherosclerosis Endothelial activation Nitric oxide endothelial nitric oxide synthase Prostacyclin Endothelium-derived relaxing factor Endothelin Integrin network Endothelial shear stress Sitia, S. (wikipedia.org)
Oxidative stress and inflammation in the vascular wall are essential mechanisms of atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunctions associated with risk factors such as metabolic diseases, aging, hypertension, etc. (frontiersin.org)
Mechanisms of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are complex interplay between bloodstream cells and arterial wall components that leads to a chronic state of vascular oxidative stress and inflammation ( Hansson and Hermansson, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the past decades, unambiguous evidence has been provided that heightened oxidative stress and vascular wall inflammation are the key mechanisms for initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases associated with the risk factors ( Hansson and Hermansson, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, elucidation of mechanisms underlying oxidative stress and inflammations in the vascular wall will have important impact in understanding atherosclerosis and vascular diseases associated with cardiovascular risk factors and will eventually lead to novel and effective therapeutic modalities. (frontiersin.org)
10 , 14 , 15 Acetylcholine chloride, an endothelium dependent vasodilator, is believed to dilate normal coronary arteries by promoting the release of a vasorelaxant substance from the endothelium, probably nitric oxide (NO). 15-20 In coronary atherosclerosis, muscarinic cholinergic vasodilatation is impaired, and paradoxical vasoconstriction is induced by acetylcholine. (bmj.com)
Currently increasing importance is attributed to the inflammatory process as a crucial factor responsible for the progressive damage to vascular walls and progression of atherosclerosis in obese people. (medsci.org)
Since endothelial dysfunction precedes overt atherosclerosis, investigating the ability of drugs to activate cytoprotective signalling pathways that prevent or reverse endothelial dysfunction is an attractive research strategy. (bmj.com)
Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium dysfunction, followed by immune cell (including monocytes) infiltration into the vascular intima to induce forming of plaques. (ki.se)
With respect to mechanisms concerning the B-vitamin complex, it has long been established that folate deficiency leads to increased plasma homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia), an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral vascular atherosclerosis, and both arterial and venous thromboembolism. (dsm.com)
A number of studies have previously suggested that vascular endothelial dysfunction caused by increased junctional permeability is a key event in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Hyperhomocysteinemia not only leads to endothelial dysfunction but also promotes the development and propagation of atherosclerotic lesion in atherosclerosis-prone animal models. (uni-muenchen.de)
Reciprocal relationships between endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance may help couple hemodynamic and metabolic abnormalities observed in important interrelated public health problems, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and the metabolic syndrome ( 3 , 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
One of the first steps in the progression of atherosclerosis is increased endothelium permeability, ultimately resulting in the accumulation of lipids and formation of plaque. (cornell.edu)
Our data suggest that simvastatin may be beneficial in preventing atherosclerosis beyond its traditional lipid lowering effects b y decreasing monolayer permeability due to vascular stiffening that naturally occurs with aging. (cornell.edu)

Nitric oxide (NO) suppresses platelet aggregation, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, and leukocyte adhesion. (wikipedia.org)
Repetitive apneic episodes disrupt the normal physiologic function and trigger sympathetic activation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, inflammation, increased platelet aggregability, and metabolic dysregulation. (hindawi.com)
We have studied the relationship between clinical and biochemical parameters and C-peptide and anti-inflammatory IL-10, as well as selected markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction such as: CCL2, CRP, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and E-selectin in obese women with various degree of glucose metabolism disturbance. (medsci.org)
Disturbed lipid and carbohydrate metabolism are manifested by enhanced inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with simply obesity. (medsci.org)
Hyperglycemia contributes to glycosylation of proteins and lipids, increases the production of reactive oxygen species, stimulates the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in various tissues, promoting thus inflammation processes in the vascular wall [ 2 , 3 ]. (medsci.org)
Endothelial inflammation increases the adhesiveness of monocytes to the endothelium in addition to increasing vascular permeability, promoting diabetic atherogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, many disease-predisposing factors and/or contributing factors have been identified, including inflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, aberrant vascular wall cell proliferation and mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein-receptor type 2 ( Bmpr2 ) gene [ 1 - 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Significantly, the endothelium also links a number of processes including inflammation, growth factors, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system among others, which may directly or indirectly lead to activation of the coagulation cascade. (bham.ac.uk)
Surface associated glycoproteins of endothelial origin, or derived from pericytes, intravascular leukocytes, and plasma, are other important components of the glycocalyx, constituting a vascular cell surface proteome that is dynamic, tissue-specific, and sensitive to changes in vascular homeostasis, blood infection, and inflammation. (lu.se)
This method facilitates the identification of markers of vascular activation and provides a molecular framework to understand the contribution of vascular dysfunction to the organ pathology of systemic inflammation. (lu.se)

Interestingly, PAD risk factors, e.g. diabetes mellitus, cause endothelial dysfunction secondary to decreased nitric oxide (NO) levels, which could explain treatment failures. (mcw.edu)
Along with acting as a semi-permeable membrane, the endothelium is responsible for maintaining vascular tone and regulating oxidative stress by releasing mediators, such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelin, and controlling local angiotensin-II activity. (wikipedia.org)
instead the vasoprotective nitric oxide (NO ⋅ ), plays a critical role in vascular dysfunction under various pathophysiological conditions and in aging. (frontiersin.org)
L-Arginine induces vasodilatation through enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO) in the cerebral endothelium. (hindawi.com)
In an experiment, just before measuring nitric oxide and peroxynitrite levels, researchers treated endothelial cells with the human hormone angiotensin-II , which produced a state of endothelial dysfunction identical to that seen in living people. (lifeextension.com)
This resulted in very low nitric oxide/peroxynitrite ratios (between 0.11 and 0.20), an indicator of endothelial dysfunction. (lifeextension.com)
Recent research has also highlighted folate's role in improving vascular outcomes via increased NOS (nitric oxide synthase) coupling and NO (nitric oxide) bioavailability. (dsm.com)
The resulting increase in reactive oxygen species leads to decreased bioavailability of the endothelium-derived signaling molecule nitric oxide via oxidative inactivation and thereby induces endothelial dysfunction. (uni-muenchen.de)
The levels of vascular endothelial (VE)‑cadherin, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cysteinyl aspartate‑specific protease‑3 (caspase‑3) were measured using western blot analysis. (spandidos-publications.com)

Evidence has been provided that activation of the vascular endothelial cells in the presence of the risk factors promotes oxidative stress and vascular inflammatory responses, leading to acceleration of atherosclerotic vascular disease. (frontiersin.org)
Recent research provides emerging evidence supporting an essential role of increased activity of arginases including arginase-I and arginase-II in causing eNOS-uncoupling, which results in vascular oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and ultimately leading to vascular diseases. (frontiersin.org)
This review article will summarize the most recent findings on the functional roles of arginases in vascular diseases and/or dysfunctions and the underlying mechanisms in relation to oxidative stress and inflammations. (frontiersin.org)
these crucial factors promote neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in OSA. (hindawi.com)
Chronic exposure to tobacco smoke and the products of combustion of tobacco leads to chronic system inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and morpho-functional damage of target organs. (intechopen.com)
As a consequence of exercise-induced hypertension and associated oxidative stress, improvement of endothelial dysfunction occurred after antioxidant supplementation. (duke.edu)
Treatment effects assessed by measuring non-invasive and invasive blood pressure, body and heart weight, vascular reactivity to catecholamines, acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation in the isolated artery, and oxidative stress in heart specimens. (ijpsonline.com)
Compared to the deoxycorticosterone acetate group, the L-citrulline and spironolactone combination therapy dose-dependently ameliorated the elevated levels of different blood pressure parameters, improved cardiac hypertrophy, vascular reactivity, aorta relaxant responses and attenuated oxidative stress. (ijpsonline.com)

In vascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction is a systemic pathological state of the endothelium. (wikipedia.org)
The association of soluble factors from the blood with the glycocalyx secures help to maintain an anti-coagulatory state of the endothelium in vivo . (forschung3r.ch)

These findings suggest that upregulated expression of p22phox mRNA and enhanced NADH oxidase activity contribute to the impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in OLETF rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
Vascular complications are responsible for the excess mortality associated with diabetes ( 1 ), and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation has been described in humans and in animal models of the disease ( 2 - 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Dyslipidemia and hypertension are well known to contribute to endothelial dysfunction, and lowering blood pressure and LDL has been shown to improve endothelial function, particularly when lowered with ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and statins. (wikipedia.org)
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by lung endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular remodeling. (surrey.ac.uk)
Other genes associated with essential hypertension are important for the normal function of the lining of blood vessels (the vascular endothelium ). (medlineplus.gov)
Scholars@Duke publication: Exercise-induced hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and coronary artery disease in a marathon runner. (duke.edu)
Treatment of SHRs with rosiglitazone (insulin sensitizer) and/or enalapril (ACE inhibitor) may simultaneously improve hypertension, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction by rebalancing insulin-stimulated production of vasoactive mediators. (diabetesjournals.org)
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disease with no treatment options, characterised by elevated pulmonary vascular resistanzce and secondary right ventricular failure. (ersjournals.com)
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterised by widespread obstruction and obliteration of pulmonary arterioles, leading to a progressive elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance and subsequent right heart failure and death. (ersjournals.com)
The endothelium appears to be damaged both by AF and various other vascular diseases (e.g. hypertension) that frequently co-exist with the arrhythmia, with similar disruption to endothelial repair (normally effected by endothelial progenitor cells). (bham.ac.uk)
His research aims to develop clinical biomarkers and novel therapeutics for (physio)pathological conditions associated with neurodegeneration and/or endothelial dysfunction, notably stroke, hypertension, diabetes and ageing. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Equally important, the echocardiogram helps to exclude secondary causes of, or contributors to, pulmonary hypertension, such as left-sided heart disease (eg, left ventricular dysfunction, valvular heart disease). (medscape.com)
Potential causes of endothelial dysfunction include sheer stress related to hypertension, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), homocysteine, and smoking. (medscape.com)

Aberrant vascular remodeling contributes to the progression of many aging-associated diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), where heterogeneous capillary density, endothelial transcriptional alterations and increased vascular permeability correlate with poor disease outcomes. (researchgate.net)
It has been shown that increased substrate stiffness, mimicking the stiffening that occurs naturally with age, results in increased cell contractility, cell -cell junction width, and endothelium permeability via Rho mediated contractility 2. (cornell.edu)
To date therapeutics to reverse increased vascular stiffness, and in turn prevent endothelial cell dysfunction leading to increased endothelium permeability, have been limited and unsuccessful. (cornell.edu)
As increased stiffness leads to increased permeability via and statins have been shown to decrease RhoA activity, this investigation examined the effect of simvastatin (Zocor®), a common statin, on endothelial cell morphology, cell traction forces, cell-cell junction widths, and endothelium permeability for endothelial cells seeded on 2.5, 5, and 10 kPa polyacrylamide substrates, mimicking the stiffness of healthy and aged vessels respectively. (cornell.edu)
Our data show that simvastatin results in an elongated cell morphology, reduced endothelial cell contractility, enhanced cell-cell junction integrity, and decreased substratestiffness-dependent and thrombin-dependent increased endothelium permeability on physiologically relevant substrate stiffnesses. (cornell.edu)
Dysfunctional endothelium leads to increased permeability to lipoproteins and up-regulation of leukocyte and endothelial adhesion molecules. (medscape.com)
vasculogenesis and vascular permeability and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. (who.int)

Studying the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in brain blood vessels of patients with smoking habits and COPD can be very important for preventing acute vascular events. (intechopen.com)
Endothelium forms the inner cellular lining of blood vessels and plays an important role in many physiological functions including the control of vasomotor tone. (hindawi.com)
The endothelium forms the inner cellular lining of blood vessels. (hindawi.com)
The endothelium is a thin membrane that lines the inside of the heart and blood vessels. (meassociation.org.uk)
So, the endothelium is the barrier that lines our blood vessels and has very important functions. (cdc.gov)

CONCLUSIONS:Regenerating the degraded GCX reverses EC barrier dysfunction and may attenuate the progression of vascular disease. (iospress.com)

In conclusion, R/NIR stimulates vasodilation by release of NO bound substances from the endothelium. (mcw.edu)
In a diabetes model of endothelial dysfunction, R/NIR restores vasodilation, which lends the potential for new treatments for diabetic vascular disease. (mcw.edu)
Overall, there was a non-significant trend towards increased endothelium-dependent vasodilation following both acute and chronic FVPD consumption. (cambridge.org)

Janowska J, Chudek J, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Semik-Grabarczyk E, Zahorska-Markiewicz B. Interdependencies among Selected Pro-Inflammatory Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction, C-Peptide, Anti-Inflammatory Interleukin-10 and Glucose Metabolism Disturbance in Obese Women. (medsci.org)

Vascular endothelium actively participates in inflammatory reactions in the majority of chronic respiratory diseases. (intechopen.com)
We hypothesised that MTX specifically protects the vascular endothelium against inflammatory injury via induction of AMPK-regulated protective genes. (bmj.com)
Adverse stimuli such as pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines or reactive oxygen species, induce endothelial injury and dysfunction. (rug.nl)
The resting endothelium effectively maintains an anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant intravascular environment. (forschung3r.ch)
Patients with PH exhibited higher circulating levels of microparticles compared to control subjects and in vitro or in vivo generated microparticles can induce endothelial dysfunction, interfere with coagulation pathways or modulate inflammatory phenomenon. (ersjournals.com)
Pericardial fat along with dysfunctional adipocytes secrete inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and reduce insulin sensitivity leading to cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis. (nymc.edu)
Certain studies show that P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) ( 13 , 14 ), which significantly enhances trans-endothelial migration of inflammatory cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Vascular dysfunction is a hallmark of systemic inflammatory responses such as bacterial sepsis. (lu.se)

A feature of endothelial dysfunction is the inability of arteries and arterioles to dilate fully in response to an appropriate stimulus, such as exogenous nitroglycerine, that stimulates release of vasodilators from the endothelium like NO. Endothelial dysfunction is commonly associated with decreased NO bioavailability, which is due to impaired NO production by the endothelium or inactivation of NO by reactive oxygen species. (wikipedia.org)
The critical role of NO bioavailability in vascular biology is well documented, and endothelial dysfunction - the reduced ability of the endothelium to produce NO - is a hallmark of cardiovascular disease. (dsm.com)
Although there are a variety of strategies to improve NO bioavailability in human endothelium, it is still unclear whether they have any direct benefit at a clinical level. (ox.ac.uk)

Moreover, regulatory mechanisms of arginases in the vasculature are reviewed and the future perspectives of targeting arginases as therapeutic options in vascular diseases are discussed. (frontiersin.org)
Smoking is a major risk factor for bronchopulmonary diseases, and it plays an important role in endothelial dysfunction development. (intechopen.com)
Cerebral endothelial dysfunction is mentioned in the pathophysiology of several neurological diseases. (hindawi.com)
This group was retested to confirm important role in the pathophysiology of their blood lipid status before participating several vascular diseases, including athero- in the study. (who.int)
Endothelial dysfunction is a critical initiating factor contributing to cardiovascular diseases, involving the gut microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). (nature.com)
Despite advances in disease-modifying and biological therapy for these diseases, we lack specific strategies aimed at retarding development of premature CVD and have limited knowledge of whether individual drugs offer vascular protection. (bmj.com)

Normally, the endothelium forms an integral cellular barrier to regulate vascular homeostasis. (surrey.ac.uk)
Vascular endothelium contributes importantly to regulation of cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Conclusions: ME/CFS patients had reduced macro- and microvascular endothelial function, indicating that vascular homeostasis may play a role in the clinical presentation of this disease. (meassociation.org.uk)

Convincing data have been presented to show that production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs in nonphagocytic cells, including endothelial cells ( 8 ), vascular smooth muscle cells ( 9 ), and aortic adventitial fibroblasts ( 10 ), and superoxide anion has a variety of biological functions that accompany induction of gene expression ( 11 ), cellular proliferation ( 12 ), apoptosis ( 13 , 14 ), and hypertrophy ( 15 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

This results suggests that this peripheral test reflects the physiology of the coronary endothelium. (wikipedia.org)
It is well established that endothelial cells (EC) play a crucial role in vascular physiology. (rug.nl)

When persistent, this dysfunction can result in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) which contributes to fibro-proliferative disease. (rug.nl)

CONCLUSIONS There is evidence of persisting abnormal vascular wall morphology and vascular dysfunction at the site of regressed coronary aneurysms in patients with previous Kawasaki disease. (bmj.com)

This chapter describes endothelium-related and neuro-mediated mechanisms of emphysema development in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and smoking on the basis of previously completed studies, literature data, and own researches. (intechopen.com)
These insights open new horizons for vascular regenerative medicine and challenge current dogmas on the pathophysiology of fibro-proliferative vascular disease. (rug.nl)
GCX expression dropped significantly in complex flow conditions and coincided with a disease-like cellular and molecular accumulation in the endothelium or within the blood vessel wall. (iospress.com)
The mechanisms by which hyperhomocysteinemia promotes vascular disease are not completely understood yet. (uni-muenchen.de)
Because experts on chronic infections and neuropathic disease have found that sauna heat therapy and near-infrared light therapy to be two of the most effective means of addressing the root causes of cellular dysfunction. (terrywahls.com)
Newer therapeutic approaches targeting endothelial dysfunction in specific disease states include insulin sensitizers, L-arginine (the substrate for endothelial NO synthase [eNOS]) as well as substances that target eNOS "coupling," such as folates or tetrahydrobiopterin. (ox.ac.uk)
We believe that the effect of anti-diabetic drugs alone, or in combination with antioxidant genes, have a differential impact on stem cell function and vascular disease. (nymc.edu)
Excluding left-sided heart disease, including diastolic dysfunction, is especially important in these patients because of major treatment implications. (medscape.com)
And when these functions are disrupted, you get a disease of the endothelium, and that's what we call endotheliopathy. (cdc.gov)

Red/near infrared light stimulates release of an endothelium dependent vasodilator and rescues vascular dysfunction in a diabetes model. (mcw.edu)
In mesenteric vascular beds (MVBs) isolated from vehicle-treated SHRs and preconstricted with norepinephrine (NE) ex vivo, vasodilator responses to insulin were significantly impaired, whereas the ability of insulin to oppose vasoconstrictor actions of NE was absent (versus WKY controls). (diabetesjournals.org)

Contact us for information about our research to better understand the development of endothelial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, and about our work to develop therapeutic strategies that preserve and promote the integrity of cerebrovascular endothelium. (mayo.edu)

The results of small-scale randomized controlled trials suggest that consumption of flavonoid-rich food and beverages containing anthocyanins or flavan-3-ols may improve vascular endothelial function. (oregonstate.edu)

The blood microvascular endothelium consists of a heterogeneous population of cells with regionally distinct morphologies and transcriptional signatures in different tissues and organs. (researchgate.net)
This study aims to clarify the time-dependent molecular pathways by which TMAO mediates endothelial dysfunction through transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). (nature.com)

These results indicated that P. gingivalis HSP60 may induce dysfunction and apoptosis in HUVECs via downregulating the expression levels of VE‑cadherin and eNOS, and promoting the cleavage of caspase‑3. (spandidos-publications.com)

This seems to play a central role in the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of homocysteine on vascular function. (uni-muenchen.de)
EET/HO acts as a molecular "switch" to genetically reprogram adipocyte stem cells and, subsequently, vascular endothelium through activation of a unique signaling cascade that results in the amplification of protective circuits and provides resistance to vascular dysfunction. (nymc.edu)
Vascular Ageing: Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Treatment Strategies International Journal of Molecular Sciences. (nottingham.ac.uk)

There is a progressive decrease in sympathetic activity, blood pressure (BP), stroke volume, heart rate, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance, during deeper NREM sleep stages [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Inflamed and dysfunctional NTS and other key brainstem nuclei may play a pivotal role in triggering memory and cognitive dysfunction in OSA. (hindawi.com)
These responses were preserved when HUVECs were pretreated with tumour necrosis factor-α to mimic dysfunctional endothelium. (bmj.com)
When endothelium is physically damaged or becomes dysfunctional, a cascade of immunologically-mediated events is precipitated. (medscape.com)

Cerebral endothelium is probably one of the most specific types since it is the crucial element of the well-known blood-brain barrier. (hindawi.com)
Originally regarded as a passive barrier, the endothelium has become appreciated as a complex tissue with multiple functions and critical for shaping health. (rug.nl)
TNF-a evokes blood-brain barrier dysfunction through activation of Rho-kinase and neurokinin 1 receptor Immunobiology. (nottingham.ac.uk)

2 diabetes benefits inside a dysfunction of vascular endothelium and proinflammatory response. (pkcinhibitor.com)

2, 3] Recent infection may also serve as an acute precipitant of vascular events, including stroke. (medscape.com)

A non-invasive method to measure endothelial dysfunction is % Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) as measured by Brachial Artery Ultrasound Imaging (BAUI). (wikipedia.org)
We have shown that nano-titanium dioxide (nano -TiO2) inhalation impairs endothelium-dependent uterine arteriolar dilation in pregnant rats. (cdc.gov)

ABSTRACT We evaluated the prognostic value of serum endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. (who.int)

In clinical trials on healthy, young subjects, CIT supplementation increases L-arginine, NO-dependent signaling, vascular conductance and has the potential to upsurge peripheral tissue oxygenation and dwindle systemic BP[ 6 - 8 ]. (ijpsonline.com)

ECs were treated with oxLDL under HG conditions in the presence or absence of ROS scavengers mitoTEMPO and NAC, p38 inhibitor SB203580, FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856 or transfected with the TXNIP siRNA, before protein expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‑1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‑1 (VCAM‑1), phosphorylated vascular endothelial‑cadherin (VE‑cadhedrin), VE‑cadherin and zonula occludens‑1 (ZO‑1) were measured by western blotting. (spandidos-publications.com)
Endothelial cells release substances that control vascular relaxation and contraction as well as enzymes that control blood clotting, immune function and platelet (a colourless substance in the blood) adhesion. (meassociation.org.uk)
Low shear stress up-regulates expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), while increased shear stress can lead to increased gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). (medscape.com)

Superoxide anion can modulate vascular smooth muscle tone and is potentially involved in diabetic vascular complications. (diabetesjournals.org)
The present study was undertaken to characterize both vascular production and the enzymatic source of superoxide anion in type 2 diabetic rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
The production of superoxide anion in response to NADH as a substrate was markedly increased in the vascular homogenates, but NADPH, arachidonic acid, xanthine, and succinate produced only small increases in chemiluminescence. (diabetesjournals.org)
In line with these results, studies using various enzyme inhibitors, such as DPI, allopurinol, rotenone, N G -monomethyl- l -arginine, and indomethacin, suggest that the predominant source of superoxide anion in vascular particulate fraction is NADH-dependent membrane-bound oxidase. (diabetesjournals.org)
These findings suggest that superoxide anion radicals mediate homocysteine's effects on endothelium-monocyte interactions. (uni-muenchen.de)

Maternal engineered nanomaterial (ENM) inhalation is associated with uterine vascular impairments and endocrine disruption that may lead to altered gestational outcomes. (cdc.gov)
These studies represent initial evidence that pulmonary maternal ENM exposure perturbs the normal gestational endocrine vascular axis via a kisspeptin-dependent mechanism, and decreased placental, which may adversely affect health outcomes. (cdc.gov)
Sarah Gregory] Endotheliopathy and platelet dysfunction are outcomes of Lassa fever. (cdc.gov)
Studies using these samples found associations between fatal outcomes and elevated liver enzyme levels, renal dysfunction, cytokine dysregulation, and genetic factors. (cdc.gov)

Maternal engineered nanomaterial inhalation during gestation disrupts vascular kisspeptin reactivity. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, pressure myography was used to determine uterine artery vascular reactivity. (cdc.gov)
In addition, L-citrulline low and high-dose monotherapy demonstrated significant improvements in all evaluated parameters except vascular reactivity. (ijpsonline.com)

In the thoracic aorta of OLETF rats, endothelium-dependent relaxation was markedly attenuated compared with that of control (LETO) rats in association with a significant increase in superoxide production (2,421.39 ± 407.01 nmol · min −1 · mg −1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Furthermore, the expression of p22phox, a major component of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase, was markedly increased in the aorta from OLETF rats compared with that of LETO rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) exhibit endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)

Endothelial dysfunction can also lead to increased adherence of monocytes and macrophages, as well as promoting infiltration of LDL in the vessel wall. (wikipedia.org)
These results suggest that rosmarinic acid can exert a protective effect against oxLDL‑mediated endothelial dysfunction under HG conditions by reducing the interaction between monocytes and ECs in addition to preventing monocyte diapedesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Induced by oxidized LDL, MCP-1 promotes diapedesis of monocytes across the endothelium. (medscape.com)

However, the effects of RCE on response to hypoxia in the endothelium remain unclear. (mdpi.com)

The sickle erythrocyte presents reduced flexibility and becomes more adherent to vascular endothelium, developing vaso-occlusion of microvasculature and subsequent local hypoxia 1,7 . (bvsalud.org)

Endothelial dysfunction has been identified as a major mechanism involved in all the stages of atherogenesis. (ox.ac.uk)

The increase of FFAs induces mitochondrial dysfunction and development of lipotoxicity. (mdpi.com)

Taken together, our data provide strong support for the existence of reciprocal relationships between endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance that may be relevant for developing novel therapeutic strategies for the metabolic syndrome. (diabetesjournals.org)

Chronic metabolic disorders, such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, promote endothelial dysfunction and eventually leakage, resulting in increased monocyte diapedesis ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Anatomy50

Organisms15

Diseases29

Chemicals and Drugs84

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes48

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science2

Health Care3

Atherosclerosis16

Inflammation10

Nitric9

Oxidative8

State of the endothelium2

Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation2

Hypertension11

Permeability7

Blood vessels5

Progression1

Vasodilation3

Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction1

Inflammatory8

Bioavailability3

Diseases6

Homeostasis3

Reactive oxygen1

Physiology2

Contributes1

Coronary1

Disease9

Vasodilator2

Pathogenesis1

Endothelial function1

Microvascular2

Induce1

Molecular3

Cardiac1

Dysfunctional3

Barrier3

Proinflammatory1

Stroke1

Dilation2

Abstract1

Peripheral1

Adhesion3

Superoxide anion5

Outcomes4

Reactivity3

Rats3

Monocytes3

Remain unclear1

Hypoxia1

Atherogenesis1

Induces1

Insulin resistance1

Chronic1