• Rapid evolution and functional divergence have been observed at the level of the transcription of duplicated genes, usually by point mutations in short transcription factor binding motifs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, rapid evolution of protein phosphorylation motifs, usually embedded within rapidly evolving intrinsically disordered regions is another contributing factor for survival and rapid adaptation/neofunctionalization of duplicate genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Whole genome duplications are thought to be less detrimental than aneuploidy as the relative dosage of individual genes should be the same. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pleiotropic constraint of regulation of reversible sex-biased genes is widely present in ancient homomorphic sex chromosomes and might be resolved in heteromorphic sex chromosomes through gene duplication followed by subfunctionalization. (nature.com)
  • The evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes suggest a mechanism for 'inheritance' turnover of sex-determining genes that is mediated by translocation of a sex-determining enhancer. (nature.com)
  • This gene is a member of the neuroblastoma breakpoint family (NBPF) which consists of dozens of recently duplicated genes primarily located in segmental duplications on human chromosome 1. (nih.gov)
  • Our findings are exciting because as well as shining a light on sturgeon and paddlefish genome evolution, they provide a comparative snapshot of how our early vertebrate ancestors genome and duplicated genes evolved after these doubling events. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Humans appreciate a wide variety of tastes because of our omnivorous evolutionary history and the genes we carry that allow us to sense sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami (i.e., savory) flavors. (berkeley.edu)
  • These three genes are the result of an ancient case of duplication and divergence that occurred more than 400 million years ago, before any vertebrate set foot on dry land. (berkeley.edu)
  • Since those early duplication events, the sweet- and umami-sensing genes have been faithfully passed down from generation to generation with a few exceptions. (berkeley.edu)
  • Their research has traditionally focused on the evolution of morphological traits in animals, which is driven primarily by changes in modular enhancers of developmentally regulated genes. (hhmi.org)
  • As a result of this evolutionary armsrace , both retrotransposons and KRAB zinc finger genes become heavily integrated in pre-existing gene regulatory networks, adding an extra level of complexity to how, where and when genes in our genome are shut on or off. (uva.nl)
  • Since very recent gene-duplications result in two nearly identical and therefore nearly indistinguishable paralogous genes on the genome, most of these duplicated genes have escaped the attention. (uva.nl)
  • Current research in my group focusses on neurally expressed multi-copy genes and the impact of gene duplication events on the evolution of human neural gene-regulatory pathways. (uva.nl)
  • The valuable source of large-scale genomic information initiated attempts to identify the origin(s) of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), count and categorize those genes, and follow their evolutionary history. (springer.com)
  • The chapter summarizes evolutionary processes working on GPCR genes and sheds light on their consequences at the levels of receptor structure and function. (springer.com)
  • Our comparative analysis of 118 mammals first revealed that the ancestor of placental mammals and marsupials possessed two genes, BAAT and BAATP1, that arose by a tandem duplication. (mpg.de)
  • We have thus illuminated the origins and functional evolution of protein-coding genes, alternative splicing, long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, and sex chromosomes across organs and species, as well as associated phenotypic implications. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • This remarkable finding shows the evolutionary stability of the order and orientation of genes on chromosomes over an extended evolutionary timeframe of more than 320 million years," Lewin says. (bionity.com)
  • How does evolution fix into the population things like duplicated genes that have little or no selective advantage via Darwinian evolution? (uncommondescent.com)
  • What I pointed out is if one argues for gene duplications, if the duplicated genes are highly non-divergent from each other, will it be consistent with the hypothesized neutral mutation rates? (uncommondescent.com)
  • He looks at the paper and claims it supports this silly idea called front-loading: the Designer seeded the Earth with creatures that carried a teleological evolutionary program, loading them up with genes at the beginning that would only find utility later. (pandasthumb.org)
  • Using this technique, we demonstrated that many duplicated genes can retain redundant functions for more than 80 million years of evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This provides strong support for evolutionary models that predict that genetic redundancy between duplicated genes can be actively maintained by natural selection and is not just a transient side effect of recent gene duplication events. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, there is still much debate about whether redundancy of duplicated genes can be evolutionary selected [ 9 - 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, 53 KCS genes were identified in B. carinata compared to 32 and 33 KCS genes in B. nigra and B. oleracea respectively, which suggests that polyploidization might has impacted the fatty acid elongation process during Brassica evolution. (nature.com)
  • Gene structure analysis indicated that the maximum number of genes were intron-less and remained conserved during evolution. (nature.com)
  • The neutral type of selection seemed to be predominant in both KCS and ELO genes evolution. (nature.com)
  • The current study provides a basis to understand the evolution of both KCS and ELO genes in fatty acid elongation and their role in stress tolerance. (nature.com)
  • Over time U-triangle developed on polyploidization of Brassica 's proved its usefulness in studying the evolution of various genes and phenotypes 3 . (nature.com)
  • Sex chromosome evolution is thought to involve suppression of recombination around the sex determination genes. (usda.gov)
  • In addition, we found that the WGD/segmentally or dispersed duplication types were the most frequent contributors to the SPX expansion, and that there is a positive correlation between the amount of WGD contribution to the SPX expansion in individual species and its number of EXS genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, we highlight previous comparative studies of Hox genes in spiders and their significance for our understanding of the evolution of the spider body plan. (bvsalud.org)
  • Gene expression analysis of en genes in these animals does not corroborate the presence of parasegmental grooves. (bvsalud.org)
  • Gokcumen's research examines the role that genomic variants, especially deletions and duplications, play in human disease and biology. (theconversation.com)
  • To understand the evolution of taste, you first need to know a little about the biology of flavor. (berkeley.edu)
  • Sean Carroll explores the origin of novelty - one of the central questions of evolutionary biology. (hhmi.org)
  • In my last post I reported that University of Chicago evolutionary biologist Jerry Coyne, who had critiqued my recent Quarterly Review of Biology article concerning laboratory evolution studies of the last four decades and what they show us about evolution, had asked several other prominent scientists for comments. (evolutionnews.org)
  • At his blog University of Chicago professor of evolutionary biology Jerry Coyne has commented on my reply to his analysis of my new review in the Quarterly Review of Biology. (evolutionnews.org)
  • The first one is University of Texas professor of molecular biology James J. Bull, who works on the laboratory evolution of bacterial viruses (phages). (evolutionnews.org)
  • At his blog, Why Evolution is True, Jerry Coyne, professor of evolutionary biology at the University of Chicago, has been analyzing my recent paper, "Experimental Evolution, Loss-of-Function Mutations, and 'The First Rule of Adaptive Evolution,'" which appears in the latest issue of the Quarterly Review of Biology. (evolutionnews.org)
  • Genome biology and evolution, 11 (11), 3256-3268. (mpg.de)
  • My interest in plant population biology and evolution developed early in life through many hours of hiking and working in the Rocky Mountains of Canada. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Integrating the principles of systems biology with the exploration of proteome evolution offers a comprehensive approach to unraveling the mechanisms underlying adaptation, variation, and the emergence of novel functions in living organisms [ 1 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The dynamic nature of proteome evolution is a fascinating subject that systems biology aims to dissect by combining various data types, such as genomics, proteomics, and functional annotations [ 2 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Systems biology integrates genomic data to trace the accumulation of mutations across evolutionary time scales. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Integrating the principles of systems biology into the study of proteome evolution provides a holistic approach to unraveling the intricate mechanisms driving adaptation and variation. (alliedacademies.org)
  • One surprising answer to this question is described in the recent Nature Ecology & Evolution paper from the Manyuan Long group, UChicago. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • Even though males and females share nearly all of their genomes, they each have to deal with very distinct selective pressures," said Nicholas VanKuren , a graduate student at UChicago and co-author of the study, published this week in Nature Ecology & Evolution . (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • Daphnia magna is a well-established model species in ecotoxicology, ecology and evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I am currently a member of the Canadian Society of Ecology and Evolution, Society for the Study of Evolution, American Association for Higher Education and Botanical Society of America. (uoguelph.ca)
  • This can have a profound effect on mating patterns, genetic diversity, and ecology, with important implications for conservation and the evolutionary process. (uoguelph.ca)
  • For his PhD, he joined the lab of Matt Hahn (also at Indiana University), majoring in both Bioinformatics and Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior. (unc.edu)
  • Our results have important implications for understanding the evolution of mammals and for conservation efforts," says Harris Lewin, distinguished professor of evolution and ecology at the University of California, Davis, and senior author on the paper. (bionity.com)
  • I am a diversity and speciation researcher with evolutionary genomics and biogeography expertise and a background in evolutionary ecology. (lu.se)
  • In the Jacobs Lab we investigate how genomic evolution has shaped and rewired gene regulatory networks involved in human brain development. (uva.nl)
  • Genomic changes can be small, such as retrotransposon insertions, or big, such as segmental duplications of whole segments of the genome. (uva.nl)
  • Genomic modifications happened frequently during primate evolution, but the extent to which individual evolutionary genomic events accounted for changes in gene expression and contributed to the evolution of species remains unclear. (uva.nl)
  • The opportunity to generate cortical tissues that mimic early developmental stages of brain development, allows us to investigate the functionality of genomic novelties in the context of the development and evolution of the primate and human neocortex. (uva.nl)
  • His PhD work focused on elucidating the evolutionary forces acting on genomic copy number variants-large regions of the genome that are found in different multiplicities across individuals as a result of duplication or deletion events. (unc.edu)
  • Our lab has been interested in a range of topics related to the origins and evolution of organs in mammals and other vertebrates as well as the various underlying genomic/molecular changes. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • The answer to both is a loud "NO": it is a paper using methods of genomic analysis that produce evolutionary histories, it describes long periods of gradual modification of genomes, and it correlates genomic innovations with changes in the ancient environment. (pandasthumb.org)
  • We combine genomic, evolutionary and ecological studies to ask and answer questions about the distribution, diversification and conservation of biodiversity within and among species, and in particular how these patterns and processes are affected by the interaction between plants and insects. (lu.se)
  • Their rapid evolution makes them useful for tracing the evolutionary history of populations and investigating patterns of selection a. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We performed experimental evolution with vaccinia virus populations harboring a SNV in a gene actively undergoing copy number amplification. (elifesciences.org)
  • His laboratory investigates the evolutionary history of genetic variations tied to interesting traits and diseases in modern and ancient human populations. (theconversation.com)
  • An extensive literature documenting physiological and ecological diversity make Daphnia an ideal model to study the genetic architecture of phenotypic variation in natural populations and the evolution of genome structure/function relationships in aquatic environments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For my Ph.D., I shifted my focus to the genetic and evolutionary aspects of small populations in a project on genetic drift and mating system variation in a South American aquatic plant. (uoguelph.ca)
  • The importance of genetic diversity (mutation, gene flow, drift, heritability) to adaptive evolution is widely recognized, but it is less clear whether and how it affects ecological function and viability of populations. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Perhaps not through Darwinian evolution, but through genetic drift in small populations. (uncommondescent.com)
  • His graduate studies also quantified the spontaneous rates of new duplications and deletions in Drosophila , and their contribution to local adaptation. (unc.edu)
  • How much poplulation resources will it take to fix 90,000,000 insertions (or duplications or whatever) in one population, and 90,000,000 deletions in another? (uncommondescent.com)
  • Coevolutionary interactions are thought to have spurred the evolution of key innovations and driven the diversification of much of life on Earth. (lu.se)
  • Finally, we will review the evolution of this protein family, which, albeit of relatively recent origin, present only in insects and crustaceans, has undergone extensive diversification, including gene loss and duplication. (nih.gov)
  • In these networks, we study plant and insect trait evolution, and the role of trait diversification for gene flow and local adaptation. (lu.se)
  • Fig. 5: Divergence of sex chromosome and rSBG duplication across animal groups. (nature.com)
  • These diverse bitter-sensing proteins arose through the process of duplication and divergence. (berkeley.edu)
  • My multivariate analysis showed that the centroids of morphological characters usually differed significantly between pairs of genetically defined species, indicating evolutionary divergence at the level of morphology. (ubc.ca)
  • In plants, the most dramatic form of mutation is polyploidization, the duplication of the chromosome set. (lu.se)
  • This effectively provides a lot of raw material for mutations -- and evolution -- to occur. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Darwinian evolution simply does not have the population resources to fix that many base pairs of difference (not enough individuals, not enough mutations, not enough time). (uncommondescent.com)
  • Regarding gene duplication or other lenght mutations, Nachman estimates single mutation events may out number length mutation events (like gene duplicaiton) 10 to 1. (uncommondescent.com)
  • If the source of the variation for evolution were point mutations, we could say the variation is random. (uncommondescent.com)
  • The proteome is in a state of constant flux due to various factors, including genetic mutations, gene duplications, and lateral gene transfers. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Genetic mutations play a pivotal role in driving proteome evolution. (alliedacademies.org)
  • By dissecting genetic mutations, gene duplications, and lateral gene transfers within an evolutionary context, researchers gain insights into the origins of novel functions and the selective pressures that have shaped organisms over time. (alliedacademies.org)
  • High frequencies of sequence duplications and transposable element insertions contributed to the degeneration of the MSY resulting in low gene density. (usda.gov)
  • A novel gene family NBPF: intricate structure generated by gene duplications during primate evolution. (nih.gov)
  • The planktonic microcrustacean Daphnia pulex is among the best-studied animals in ecological, toxicological and evolutionary research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We collaborate closely on most projects, which allows us to use our complementary expertise and perspectives to understand how ecological and evolutionary processes, including species interactions, can generate novel biodiversity. (lu.se)
  • His work is tied to human evolution, including evolutionary adaptation and the evolutionary processes that lead to genetic disease. (theconversation.com)
  • Over time, these evolutionary processes would cause the Y chromosome to degenerate and diverge from its homolog over most or all of its length. (usda.gov)
  • The main problem here is the reliability of evolutionary reconstructions based on sequence data. (icr.org)
  • Following duplication events, the resulting stretches of homologous sequence can promote recombination between gene copies. (elifesciences.org)
  • In contrast to bitter receptors, sweet- and umami-sensing proteins are remarkably conserved - that is, their number and sequence haven't changed much over evolutionary time. (berkeley.edu)
  • Carroll and his team generally seek to understand the relative contributions of different genetic mechanisms, such as gene co-option, gene duplication and loss, and regulatory and protein sequence changes, to the evolution of different kinds of traits. (hhmi.org)
  • Sequence comparison does not support an evolutionary link between halobacterial retinal proteins including bacteriorhodopsin and eukaryotic G-protein-coupled receptors. (springer.com)
  • Concerted evolution refers to the pattern in which copies of multigene families show high intraspecific sequence homogeneity but high interspecific sequence diversity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One might appeal to some scenario of rapid neutral evolution followed by an extreme recent bottleneck (so as to account for the low between-same-species sequence diveregence). (uncommondescent.com)
  • Sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees of these domains allow us to interpret the evolutionary relationship between these proteins, concluding that spectrin evolved from alpha-actinin by an elongation process that included two duplications of a block of seven repeats. (embl.de)
  • However, the genetic and evolutionary basis of the innovations that facilitate such interactions remains poorly understood. (lu.se)
  • Proteome evolution is a dynamic process that shapes the diversity of life on Earth. (alliedacademies.org)
  • These findings provide an important connection between the origins of biodiversity, coevolution, and the role of gene and genome duplications as a substrate for novel traits. (lu.se)
  • The population genetics of this should be revisited in light of the new numbers, but I suspect the end conclusion will be difficult for either the Darwinian selectionists or the neutralists or anyone advocating mindless evolution. (uncommondescent.com)
  • Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is becoming increasingly clear that big chromosomal rearrangements such as gene duplications may have had a significant impact on the evolution of species. (uva.nl)
  • While chromosomal rearrangements are ubiquitous in all domains of life, very little is known about their evolutionary significance, mostly because, apart from a few specifically studied and well-documented mechanisms (interaction with recombination, gene duplication, etc.), very few models take them into account. (cnrs.fr)
  • In this thesis , we use forward-in-time simulation platforms and formal modeling to unraveling the evolutionary significance of chromosomal rearrangements. (cnrs.fr)
  • Despite being almost invisible in the phylogeny owing to the scarcity of their fixation in the lineages, we show that chromosomal rearrangements make a decisive contribution to the evolutionary dynamics. (cnrs.fr)
  • Overall, our results provide a theoretical understanding of the contribution of chromosomal rearrangements to evolution. (cnrs.fr)
  • The products of this recombination are a duplication at the site of the exchange and a reciprocal deletion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Repetitive genetic elements such as transposable elements offer one source of repetitive DNA that can facilitate recombination, and they are often found at duplication breakpoints in plants and mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stepwise evolution and convergent recombination underlie the global dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli. (cdc.gov)
  • We have explored these issues through studies on endangered species, effective population size, metapopulation dynamics, the effects of drift on mating system evolution, inbreeding depression, and the mechanisms by which hybridization causes extirpation of rare species. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Currently, my main research activities include studies of mating-system and floral evolution in the neotropical vine Dalechampia, and studies of the role of species interactions in structuring the spatial and temporal dynamics of communities. (lu.se)
  • Evolutionary history and genome organization of DUF1220 protein domains. (nih.gov)
  • This analysis shows how a modular protein unit can be used in the evolution of large cytoskeletal structures. (embl.de)
  • Our research aims to pinpoint how specific classes of transposable elements have contributed to the evolution of human neuronal gene expression networks and understand how these changes may relate to human's increased susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism and Schizophrenia and human neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. (uva.nl)
  • Secular scientists attempt to explain their origin using terms such as duplication (a form of mutation that overwhelmingly destroys genetic information) and translocation . (icr.org)
  • Replication slippage is an error in DNA replication that can produce duplications of short genetic sequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, this belief goes against the evolution theory, which suggests that useless sequences would be eliminated from the genome since their maintenance requires energy. (blogspot.com)
  • The proteome, the entire complement of proteins in an organism, evolves over time, adapting to environmental changes and evolutionary pressures. (alliedacademies.org)
  • We now know that the evolution of multidomain proteins has frequently involved genetic duplication events. (embl.de)
  • I replied to those of experimental evolutionary biologist John Bull. (evolutionnews.org)
  • In a subsequent post Coyne discussed a recent paper by the group of fellow University of Chicago biologist Manyuan Long on gene duplication in fruitflies. (evolutionnews.org)
  • By reconstructing the evolutionary history of gene duplication events and their impact on the proteome, researchers gain insights into how organisms acquire novel traits and functions [ 4 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Lateral gene transfer, the movement of genetic material between organisms, is a significant driver of proteome evolution. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Multiple whole genome duplication events famously occurred in our ancient early vertebrate ancestors and these have shaped the landscape of our modern human genome. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The tree shows that two gene duplication events happened before the ray-finned fish and other vertebrates diverged and that the three gene versions were then inherited by most vertebrates. (berkeley.edu)
  • But if the source of the variation is the complex process of transposition, then there is no justification for saying that evolution is based on random events. (uncommondescent.com)
  • Gene duplication events generate new genetic material that can evolve independently. (alliedacademies.org)
  • However, the accuracy of such methods has never been systematically evaluated on prokaryotic gene families, where horizontal gene transfer is often one of the dominant evolutionary events driving gene family evolution. (stanford.edu)
  • Here we use an explicit model of macro- evolution including gene birth, transfer, duplication and loss events to map the evolutionary history of 3,983 gene families across the three domains of life onto a geological timeline. (pandasthumb.org)
  • Phylogenetic analyses revealed several kinds of evolutionary patterns that occurred during GPCR evolution including one-to-one orthologous relationships, species-specific gene expansion, and episodic duplication of the entire GPCR repertoire in certain species lineages. (springer.com)
  • Critical interpretations of fossil fungi combined with phylogenies of living species have the potential to reveal patterns of character evolution and to inform estimates of the geological timing of fungal radiations. (ubc.ca)
  • Polyploidy is common in plants, but it has also occurred in animals, with two rounds of whole genome duplication (2R event) in the vertebrate lineage leading to humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Geneticists have unearthed a major event in the ancient history of sturgeons and paddlefish that has significant implications for the way we understand evolution. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This is because, over the course of its evolutionary history, the feline lineage lost a functional gene to detect sweet flavors. (berkeley.edu)
  • unpublished data), may indicate a shared early evolutionary history for the cyclophilin and FKBP families. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evolutionary Analysis of Bile Acid-Conjugating Enzymes Reveals a Complex Duplication and Reciprocal Loss History. (mpg.de)
  • The study of proteome evolution is a journey through the intricate tapestry of life's history. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The unsurprising fact that many gene families are of ancient origin seems to him to confirm his weird idea of a designed source, when of course it does nothing of the kind, and fits quite well in an evolutionary history with no supernatural interventions at all. (pandasthumb.org)
  • Over evolutionary time scales, regulation must provide a fitness benefit that offsets the costs of maintaining the regulatory system. (lu.se)
  • Comparisons of genomes demonstrate that gene duplications are common in most species investigated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given this data, we would hypothesize that: (i) the evolution of the fungal PPIases is driven, at least in part, by the size of the proteome, (ii) evolutionary pressures differ both between the different PPIase families and the different fungi, and (iii) whilst the cyclophilins and parvulins have evolved to perform conserved functions, the FKBPs have evolved to perform more variable roles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This approach helps uncover the molecular basis of specific adaptations, shedding light on the selective pressures that have shaped proteome evolution [ 5 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Evolutionary significance of genome duplication. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Our research currently focuses on two aspects of plant reproduction: the evolution of self-fertilization versus cross-fertilization (mating system), and the adaptive significance of dichogamy (temporal separation of male and female function). (uoguelph.ca)
  • New research reveals at a genetic level the evolutionary changes that account for such diverse tastes. (berkeley.edu)
  • Species delimitation directly affects interpretation of evolution and biogeography. (ubc.ca)
  • In both cases we are using comparative analyses, manipulative experiments and multi-generational selection studies to understand the evolution of these traits. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Nevertheless, twice in recent years, a distinct new genotype of RSV has arisen as a result of duplication within the G gene. (cdc.gov)
  • However, it has been difficult to measure the rate at which such duplications occur. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hemoglobins occur sporadically among the invertebrate phyla in no obvious [evolutionary branching] pattern. (icr.org)
  • Phylogenetic analysis showed the single-domain FKBPs to evolve prior to the multi-domain FKBPs, whereas the multi-domain cyclophilins appear to evolve throughout cyclophilin evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evolutionists generally refer to an unknown evolutionary ancestor to explain ancestral states. (icr.org)
  • They have pinpointed a previously hidden 'whole genome duplication' (WGD) in the common ancestor of these species, which seemingly opened the door to genetic variations that may have conferred an advantage around the time of a major mass extinction some 200 million years ago. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Recent studies yielded a first direct estimate of the genome-wide rate of gene duplication in C. elegans, the first multicellular eukaryote for which such as estimate became available. (wikipedia.org)
  • The comparative genome-wide analysis and mode of evolution of KCS and ELO gene families have not been investigated in tetraploid Brassica carinata and its diploid progenitors. (nature.com)
  • In this case, it took a long, long time -- so long that some gene duplications appear to be species-specific, occurring after the two species went their separate ways on the tree of life. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The reconstructed ancestral genome could help in understanding the evolution of mammals and in conservation of modern animals. (bionity.com)