- Kenyon cells are the intrinsic neurons of the mushroom body, a neuropil found in the brains of most arthropods and some annelids. (wikipedia.org)
- Kenyon cells are presynaptic to mushroom body output neurons in the lobes. (wikipedia.org)
- Information about odors may be encoded in the mushroom body by the identities of the responsive neurons as well as the timing of their spikes. (wikipedia.org)
- These microglomeruli are made up of Kenyon cell dendrites, cholinergic boutons, and GABAergic terminals. (wikipedia.org)
- Interestingly, the transmitter substance that informs the neuronal circuits about rewarding or punishing experiences is the same in the insect brain and the mammalian brain - namely dopamine. (researchpod.org)
- Decades of research have revealed that in the insect brain, odours evoke activity in small groups of Kenyon cells of the mushroom body. (researchpod.org)
- Kenyon cells are mainly postsynaptic in the calyces, where their synapses form microglomeruli. (wikipedia.org)
- The mushroom bodies are higher-order structures of arthropod brains that integrate incoming sensory information with positive or negative experiences, such as rewards or punishments. (researchpod.org)
- The necessity to function with resource constraints has led evolution to design animal brains (and bodies) to be optimal in their use of computational power while being adaptable to their environmental niche. (jneurosci.org)
- Experiments in locusts have shown that Kenyon cells have their activity synchronized to 20-Hz neural oscillations and are particularly responsive to projection neuron spikes at specific phases of the oscillatory cycle. (wikipedia.org)
- The number of Kenyon cells in an organism varies greatly between species. (wikipedia.org)
- While the exact features of Kenyon cells can vary between species, there are enough similarities to define their general structure. (wikipedia.org)
- Kenyon cells have dendritic branches that arborize in the calyx or calyces, cup-shaped regions of the mushroom body. (wikipedia.org)
- Kenyon cells are both pre and postsynaptic in these regions. (wikipedia.org)
- for example, those that have their cell bodies outside of the calyx cup are called clawed Kenyon cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Kenyon cells are produced from precursors known as neuroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
- Differences in neuroblast number between species are related to the final number of Kenyon cells in an adult. (wikipedia.org)
- The positioning of Kenyon cells depends on their birth order. (wikipedia.org)
- The somata of early-born Kenyon cells are pushed outward as more Kenyon cells are created. (wikipedia.org)
- This results in a concentric pattern of cell bodies, with the somata of the last-born cells in the center, where the neuroblast had been, and the somata of the first-born cells at the outermost margins of the cell body area. (wikipedia.org)
- Distinct types of Kenyon cells form at specific times during development. (wikipedia.org)
- Odor information is represented by sparse combinations of Kenyon cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Learning is facilitated by dopamine-driven plasticity of the odor response of Kenyon cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The cAMP signaling cascade, especially protein kinase A, must function properly in Kenyon cells for learning and memory to occur. (wikipedia.org)
- From there, information is transduced to so-called Kenyon cells in the mushroom bodies. (researchpod.org)
- One could say that the exact group or "pattern" of Kenyon cells that is activated tells the brain which odour is smelled. (researchpod.org)
- Kenyon cells are presynaptic to mushroom body output neurons in the lobes. (wikipedia.org)
- Kenyon cells and DANs make connections to specific mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) within discrete compartments of the MBs. (elifesciences.org)
- The insect mushroom body (MB) is a conserved brain structure that plays key roles in a diverse array of behaviors. (nih.gov)
- While the exact features of Kenyon cells can vary between species, there are enough similarities to define their general structure. (wikipedia.org)
- 2018). Here we provide a thorough characterization of the STROBE system, demonstrate that STROBE-driven behavior is modified by hunger and the presence of taste ligands, and find that mushroom body dopaminergic input neurons and their respective post-synaptic partners drive opposing feeding behaviors following activation. (elifesciences.org)