Drosophila embryonic central nervous system. Medical search. Frequent questions

Here, using the model species Drosophila melanogaster , we used a combination of Genome Wide Association mapping (GWAS) and transcriptomic profiling to characterize whether genes associated with thermal tolerance are primarily involved in dynamic stress responses or preparatory processes that influence physiological condition at the time of thermal stress. (frontiersin.org)
Bahrampour S, Thor S. ( 2020 ) The Five Faces of Notch Signalling During Drosophila melanogaster Embryonic CNS Development. (neurotree.org)
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster offers the most powerful means of studying embryonic development in eukaryotes. (cshlpress.org)
They have only been studied in a few model organisms, such as Drosophila melanogaster , Caenorhabditis elegans , Schmidtea mediterranea and some vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNA-34 ( miR-34 ) is crucial for preventing chronic large-scale neurite degeneration in the aged brain of Drosophila melanogaster. (sdbonline.org)
This study examined the roles of hormone-dependent transcription factors (Nuclear Receptors), in accessory gland development, function and male fertility of a genetically tractable insect model, Drosophila melanogaster. (sdbonline.org)
Using the fruit fly model organism (Drosophila melanogaster), the researcher investigates how genes are regulated during the embryonic development of the nervous system. (mdc-berlin.de)
To understand the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of glial tumors in vivo, an established Drosophila melanogaster model of glioma was used based on overexpression in larval glial cells of an active human EGFR and of the PI3K homolog Pi3K92E /Dp110. (sdbonline.org)
Is the Subject Area "Drosophila melanogaster" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
Drosophila melanogaster porcupine and its mouse homologue PORCN gene encode transmembrane bound endoplasmic reticulum proteins needed for the secretion of Wnt (Wingless and INT-1) proteins. (medscape.com)
In Drosophila melanogaster , the PORCN gene is involved in the processing of the wingless protein. (medscape.com)

At the MDC, he investigates how the nervous system in fruit flies develops and how the corresponding genes are regulated. (mdc-berlin.de)
To understand how the functions of neural bHLH genes have evolved among bilaterians, we have performed a detailed study of bHLH genes during nervous system development in the polychaete annelid, Platynereis dumerilii , an organism which is evolutionary distant from both Drosophila and vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
We have studied Platynereis orthologs of the most important vertebrate neural bHLH genes, i.e. achaete-scute, neurogenin, atonal, olig , and NeuroD genes, the latter two being genes absent of the Drosophila genome. (biomedcentral.com)
We observed that all these genes have specific expression patterns during nervous system formation in Platynereis . (biomedcentral.com)
Our data suggest that in Platynereis , like in vertebrates but unlike Drosophila , (i) neurogenin is the main proneural gene for the formation of the trunk central nervous system, (ii) achaete-scute and olig genes are involved in neural subtype specification in the central nervous system, in particular in the specification of the serotonergic phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
Our analysis suggests that the Platynereis bHLH genes have both proneural and neuronal specification functions, in a way more akin to the vertebrate situation than to that of Drosophila . (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic and molecular studies mainly conducted in Drosophila and vertebrates have shown that genes encoding transcription factors of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) class play pivotal roles in various steps of neurogenesis, including commitment of neural precursors (proneural function), specification of particular neuronal identities, and neuronal differentiation [ 1 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Drosophila genes expressed specifically in all motoneurons have not been described, although a growing number of genes are known to be expressed in subsets of motoneurons. (jneurosci.org)
Multiple mutations affecting embryonic development have been induced by chemical and insertional mutagenesis resulting in the identification of genes with important roles in development in Drosophila [ 23 - 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Drosophila endocytic neoplastic tumor suppressor genes regulate Sav/Wts/Hpo signaling and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. (uiowa.edu)
Our data for the remaining seven NKL genes revealed expression in different structures associated with the developing nervous system in embryos of E. rowelli . (biomedcentral.com)
Consistent with the critical role of AP-1 in polarized sorting in many cell types, null mutations in AP-1 subunit genes cause embryonic lethality in multicellular organisms such as C. elegans ( Shim et al. (pdesignaling.com)
We found that all the three genes were highly enriched in the central nervous system, but in different areas of the brain. (researchsquare.com)
Conclusions: Our results suggest that rab11 genes play important but distinct roles in the development of the nervous system in zebrafish. (researchsquare.com)

2022 ) Selective role of the DNA helicase Mcm5 in BMP retrograde signaling during Drosophila neuronal differentiation. (neurotree.org)
However, in the second phase, the formation of a central invagination in each hemi-neuromere is accompanied by the differentiation of apical neural stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In Drosophila, the top model for holometabolous insects, Grh is necessary during embryonic development, epidermal differentiation, central nervous system specification and epithelial repair. (bvsalud.org)
In 1947, Carl Richard Moore, a researcher at the University of Chicago, in Chicago, Illinois, wrote Embryonic Sex Differentiation and Sex Hormones, which was published in the same year as a first-edition monograph. (asu.edu)
In the book, Moore argues that regulation of sex differentiation in mammals is not controlled by sex hormones secreted by embryonic sex organs (gonads), but is controlled by non-hormonal genetic factors. (asu.edu)
Role of Otx2 in Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs): Otx2 is an intrinsic determinant required to maintain the ESC metastable state by antagonizing ground state pluripotency and promoting commitment to differentiation. (cnr.it)
Since March 2013, he heads the junior research group "Systems biology of neural tissue differentiation" at the MDC's Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB). (mdc-berlin.de)
Functional studies in model organisms, such as vertebrates and Drosophila , have shown that basic Helix-loop-Helix (bHLH) proteins have important roles in different steps of neurogenesis, from the acquisition of neural fate to the differentiation into specific neural cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
2006 and differentiation of embryonic stem cells into endothelial cells (Yang et al. (immune-source.com)
2009 While Wnt Norfloxacin (Norxacin) signaling is Norfloxacin (Norxacin) essential for endothelial differentiation and in the central anxious system it really is unclear whether Wnt signaling interacts with VEGF and Ang to market pulmonary vascular advancement. (immune-source.com)
Lab research: Control of neuronal cell death and differentiation during embryonic neurogenesis and regeneration. (ubc.ca)

Embryonic neurogenesis in Pseudopallene sp. (biomedcentral.com)
We studied neurogenesis during embryonic development of Pseudopallene sp. (biomedcentral.com)
Embryonic neurogenesis has two phases. (biomedcentral.com)
Motoneurons are an essential component of all metazoan nervous systems, but it is unknown whether there is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for generating motoneurons during neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)

Here, we identify and characterize the single Drosophila ortholog of the HB9/MNR2 gene family. (jneurosci.org)

During her doctoral research Zlatic looked at the development of neurons in Drosophila. (wikipedia.org)
As the nervous system starts to form, neurons start to produce axons and dendrites. (wikipedia.org)
Zlatic showed that sensory neurons, which allow for sight, sound, pain and touch, look for particular locations in the nervous system using positional cues. (wikipedia.org)
At Janelia she learnt about the genetic tools used to manipulate the types of neurons in Drosophila. (wikipedia.org)
She made use of electron microscopy to map the entire Drosophila connectome, and studies the strengths of the connections between neurons that are structurally connected. (wikipedia.org)
2022 ) Specification of the Drosophila Orcokinin A neurons by combinatorial coding. (neurotree.org)
This study investigated the role of miR-34 in two other types of large-scale axon degeneration in Drosophila: axotomy-induced axon degeneration in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and developmentally related axon pruning in mushroom body (MB) neurons. (sdbonline.org)
Future investigations of miR-34 targets that regulate the expression of EcR-B1 in MB γ neurons are warranted to elucidate pathways that regulate axon pruning, and to provide insight into mechanisms that control large-scale axon degeneration in the nervous system. (sdbonline.org)
2001) had found amniotic epithelial cells conditioned medium showed neurotrophic effect on rat embryonic day 18 (E18) cortical neurons. (scielo.org.ar)
Embryonic origin of gustatory cranial sensory neurons. (shengsci.com)
Lab research: The molecular interactions between glia and neurons that occuring during development of the nervous system of Drosophila. (ubc.ca)

However, these studies highlighted many differences in the expression and function of orthologous bHLH proteins during neural development between vertebrates and Drosophila . (biomedcentral.com)
We conclude that these features are ancestral to bilaterians and have been conserved in the vertebrates and annelids lineages, but have diverged in the evolutionary lineage leading to Drosophila . (biomedcentral.com)
Bach, E.A. JAK/STAT signaling in stem cells and regeneration: From drosophila to vertebrates. (benthamscience.com)

Members of the RYK/Derailed family have recently been shown to regulate axon guidance in both Drosophila and mammals by acting as Wnt receptors. (biologists.com)
Similarly, during Drosophila embryonic development, SERCA activity is required for the proper formation of both the central nervous system axon tracts and the network of tracheal tubules that deliver oxygen to tissues. (caltech.edu)
The Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl) plays a crucial role in multiple Drosophila axon guidance pathways during development, though the mechanism by which Abl elicits a diverse set of guidance outputs is currently unknown. (silverchair.com)
Thus, Drosophila HB9 is required in a subset of motoneurons and interneurons for establishing proper axon projections but does not have a general role in distinguishing motoneuron and interneuron cell types. (jneurosci.org)
Heterogeneity in synaptic transmission along a Drosophila larval motor axon. (neurotree.org)
Erratum: Heterogeneity in synaptic transmission along a Drosophila larval motor axon Nature Neuroscience . (neurotree.org)

In the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS) glial cells are known to be generated from glioblasts, which produce exclusively glia or neuroglioblasts that bifurcate to produce both neuronal and glial sublineages. (biologists.com)
In this review, we summarize the role of Sprouties in the lesioned central and peripheral nervous system with particular reference to Sprouty2 that is upregulated in various experimental models of neuronal degeneration and regeneration. (springer.com)
The neuronal proteins are homologous to the embryonic lethal abnormal visual (ELAV) protein in Drosophila species. (medscape.com)
Neuronal determination during embryonic development of the grasshopper nervous system. (shengsci.com)
Lab research: Specification of neuronal identity during Drosophila nervous system development. (ubc.ca)

Mouse Intu null mutants are homozygous lethal at midgestation, exhibiting multiple defects including neural tube closure defects, abnormal dorsal/ventral patterning of the central nervous system and abnormal anterior-posterior patterning of the limbs resulting in severe polydactyly (7-9 digits each limb). (psu.edu)
2006 With Nkx2-1 exception of Dorsal a Drosophila non-acylated Wnt ligand it really is predicted that Wnt ligands require Wls for secretion to the cell surface (Ching et al. (immune-source.com)

Furthermore, downregulation of Sprouty2 improves nerve regeneration in the lesioned peripheral nervous system. (springer.com)
Comparison of our expression data to those of other bilaterians revealed similar patterns of NK2.1 , vax , BarH and Emx in various aspects of neural development, such as the formation of anterior neurosecretory cells mediated by a conserved molecular mechanism including NK2.1 and vax , and the development of the central and peripheral nervous system involving BarH and Emx . (biomedcentral.com)

After becoming chief pathologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Wisconsin Regional Primate Center in 1995, James A. Thomson began his pioneering work in deriving embryonic stem cells from isolated embryos. (asu.edu)
That same year, Thomson published his first paper, "Isolation of a Primate Embryonic Stem Cell Line," in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, detailing the first derivation of primate embryonic stem cells. (asu.edu)
Background: Stem cells are of two types: embryonic and adult stem cells and they act as a repair system by replenishing body tissue. (benthamscience.com)
Melton, D.A. "Stemness": Transcriptional profiling of embryonic and adult stem cells. (benthamscience.com)

Rachel L. Carson studied biology at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland and graduated in 1933 with an MA upon the completion of her thesis, The Development of the Pronephros during the Embryonic and Early Larval Life of the Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). (asu.edu)

My group has identified further molecules that may contribute to the development of the nervous system (Dolan et al. (kcl.ac.uk)

My research is based on the need to understand the genetic mechanisms that control the establishment of the circuitry of the nervous system and for insights into the normal and pathological function of proteins that contribute to neurodegenerative disease. (kcl.ac.uk)
obs) which are adding to the study of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development of connectivity in the embryonic central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila. (kcl.ac.uk)
Yaghmaeian Salmani B, Thor S. ( 2020 ) Genetic mechanisms controlling anterior expansion of the central nervous system. (neurotree.org)
Somers, W.G. Mechanisms of asymmetric progenitor divisions in the Drosophila central nervous system. (benthamscience.com)
Alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs is an important means of regulating developmental processes, yet the molecular mechanisms governing alternative splicing in embryonic contexts are just beginning to emerge. (xenbase.org)
We illustrate where such mechanisms of pattern formation arise in biological systems from cellular to tissue scales, with an emphasis on morphogenesis. (mpi-cbg.de)

Later Drosophila embryo (stage 11, ventral view, anterior left) undergoing developing nervous system. (mdc-berlin.de)
Drosophila HB9 is detected in a subset of motoneurons with ventral muscle targets and in a small group of interneurons, including the well characterized serotonergic interneurons. (jneurosci.org)

As soon as transcription starts in the fruit fly embryo, the process of cellular specification commences and within only a few hours a pool of pluripotent cells develops into differentiated components of the nervous system. (mdc-berlin.de)
In the mouse germline ablation of Wls resulted in embryonic death due to abnormalities in axis specification (Fu et al. (immune-source.com)

In addition my research group has developed the use of Drosophila as a model system to identify the normal and pathological roles of proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease. (kcl.ac.uk)
Subsequently, by using independent RNAi/ dominant negative forms, it was shown that Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) is essential for male fertility due to its requirement in the normal development of accessory glands in Drosophila: EcR depleted glands fail to make seminal proteins and have dying cells. (sdbonline.org)
Anti-Hu antibodies may alter the production of these proteins, which are essential for the development, maturation, and maintenance of the vertebrate nervous system. (medscape.com)
Rab11 proteins, members of the Rab GTPase family, are known to regulate vesicular recycling during embryonic development. (researchsquare.com)
Since Wnt signaling proteins cannot be released without the PORCN protein, and Wnt signaling is important for normal embryonic development, the defects found in this disorder are related to lack of Wnt signaling. (medscape.com)
Wnt proteins are key regulators of embryonic development. (medscape.com)

Likewise, ablation of nerves in Drosophila embryos derails tracheal morphogenesis. (caltech.edu)
Isolation and expression analysis in murine embryos of Dlx5 and Dlx6, two murine homologues of the Drosophila Distal-less gene. (cnr.it)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)

In conclusion, we show that PCP effector gene Intu is an important regulator of cilia formation, Hh signal transduction, and embryonic development in mammals. (psu.edu)
However, central neural pathways in naive mammals that recognize sex of other individuals remain poorly characterized. (stanford.edu)

Plump AS, Erskine L, Sabatier C, Brose K, Epstein CJ, Goodman CS , Mason CA , Tessier-Lavigne M . Slit1 and Slit2 cooperate to prevent premature midline crossing of retinal axons in the mouse visual system. (neurotree.org)

Keratin 5-Cre-driven excision of nonmuscle myosin IIA in early embryo trophectoderm leads to placenta defects and embryonic lethality. (shengsci.com)

In order to understand the roles for Inturned in mammalian embryonic development, we generated a null mutant allele for the mouse homologue of Inturned (Intu) via gene-targeting in ES cells. (psu.edu)
We further demonstrate that Intu plays significant roles in the formation of primary cilia both during embryonic development and in cultured fibroblasts. (psu.edu)
Ectopic expression in the giant fiber system of Drosophila reveals distinct roles for roundabout (Robo), Robo2, and Robo3 in dendritic guidance and synaptic connectivity. (neurotree.org)

Polyglutamine-binding protein 1 ( PQBP1 ) is an RNA-splicing factor that, when mutated, in humans causes Renpenning syndrome, an X-linked intellectual disability disease characterized by severe cognitive impairment, but also by physical defects that suggest PQBP1 has broader functions in embryonic development. (xenbase.org)

Interestingly, the resulting hyperplastic glia express high levels of key components of the lysosomal-autophagic compartment, including vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) subunits and ref(2)P (refractory to Sigma P), the Drosophila homolog of SQSTM1/p62. (sdbonline.org)
The BMP homolog Gbb provides a retrograde signal that regulates synaptic growth at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. (neurotree.org)
HP1B is a euchromatic Drosophila HP1 homolog with links to metabolism. (refine.bio)

Regulation of gene expression plays a central role in embryonic development. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene expression microarray profile for human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T, CRL-11268) under untreated conditions. (refine.bio)

2006). Both disorders present with mental retardation and a range of other anatomical and functional abnormalities of the central nervous system. (pdesignaling.com)
In the skin, these abnormalities follow the embryonic lines of Blaschko. (medscape.com)

Drosophila is an excellent species to use to determine how the vast cellular diversity and complexity is created in the central nervous system (CNS). (biologists.com)
Mangold conducted research for her dissertation 'On the Induction of Embryonic Primordia by Implantation of Organizers from Different Species' ('Ueber Induktion von Embryonanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren'), under the guidance of Hans Spemann, a professor of zoology at the University of Freiburg. (asu.edu)

Dynamic imaging of Drosophila embryonic tracheal morphogenesis demonstrates that SERCA's principal function is to govern cell migration. (caltech.edu)
Sprouties have originally been described as inhibitors of FGF-induced tracheal branching in drosophila. (springer.com)

2003), and mouse embryonic fibroblasts ( Meyer et al. (pdesignaling.com)

Transplantation of amniotic epithelial cells in various regions of central nervous system such as caudate nucleus (Bankiewicz et al. (scielo.org.ar)

2019 ) Drosophila Neuroblast Selection Is Gated by Notch, Snail, SoxB, and EMT Gene Interplay. (neurotree.org)

This monograph, written by the most distinguished workers in the field, is the most authoritative and comprehensive synthesis of Drosophila developmental biology available and emphasizes the insights gained by molecular and genetic analysis. (cshlpress.org)

We have identified that the Drosophila Cln3 shares many properties with the vertebrate form, it is localised to the endosomal-lysosomal compartment in many cell type and found at the synapse. (kcl.ac.uk)
Drosophila HB9 differs from its vertebrate orthologs in several ways: it is not expressed in all somatic motoneurons, it is expressed in a subset of interneurons, and it is required for the proper development of both interneurons and motoneurons. (jneurosci.org)

Zlatic has dedicated her career to the study of the nervous system, in particular the positional cue known as the slit protein which controls how sensory neuron axons start and stop growing. (wikipedia.org)
We have begun to combat this by investigating the role of the transmembrane protein Cln3, which is affected in the most common form of NCL, using Drosophila. (kcl.ac.uk)
Lab Research: Role of dystroglycan, a protein associated with several forms of muscular dystrophy, in the central nervous system. (ubc.ca)
We recently showed phosphorylation of Drosophila Plexin A by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and subsequent inhibition of plexin-mediated repulsive guidance. (stanford.edu)

Parvin overexpression uncovers tissue-specific genetic pathways and disrupts F-actin to induce apoptosis in the developing epithelia in Drosophila. (uiowa.edu)

Embryonic nerves must pick their pathways in a specific and ordered manner, and investigators led by John Thomas , an associate professor at The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, have deciphered the first combinatorial code that spells out one of these pathways. (salk.edu)
Prezygotic transcripts included multiple regulators that are most likely involved in developmental processes that take place long after fertilization, such as components of ErbB, hedgehog, notch, retinoid, TGFb, VEGF and Wnt signaling pathways, as well as transcripts involved in the development of nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)

The PCP effector gene Inturned regulates planar cell polarity (PCP) and wing hair formation in Drosophila wings. (psu.edu)
Drosophila Smt3 negatively regulates JNK signaling through sequestering Hipk in the nucleus. (uiowa.edu)
wishful thinking encodes a BMP type II receptor that regulates synaptic growth in Drosophila. (neurotree.org)

To develop a functional nervous system, axons must initially navigate through a complex environment, directed by guidance ligands and receptors. (silverchair.com)
During nervous system development, embryonic axons navigate through a complex environment to initiate the establishment of neural circuits. (silverchair.com)

We have established Drosophila as a whole animal assay to investigate which of these are responsible for the generation of toxic forms of tau in vivo. (kcl.ac.uk)

Bi-directional signaling by Semaphorin 1a during central synapse formation in Drosophila. (neurotree.org)
Genomewide analysis of the Drosophila tetraspanins reveals a subset with similar function in the formation of the embryonic synapse. (neurotree.org)

This is due to the nervous system's conserved basic architecture on the one hand, and on the other its lineage-specific structural diversity, which facilitates the specific comparison and possible homologization of neural structures and their respective sub-parts [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
While NK2.1 and vax are expressed in distinct medial regions of the developing protocerebrum early in development, BarH , Bari , Emx , Hhex and Nedx are expressed in late developmental stages, after all major structures of the nervous system have been established. (biomedcentral.com)
Wnt signaling is critical for normal embryonic development of the skin, bones, and other structures. (medscape.com)

Many of the molecular processes we investigate are evolutionarily conserved from fly to man, which allows us to draw direct, testable inferences not only about nervous system development specifically, but also about tissue development in general" the scientist explains. (mdc-berlin.de)
These research provide a fresh platform for understanding the molecular systems underlying regular pulmonary vasculature development as well as the dysmorphic pulmonary vasculature advancement connected with congenital lung disease. (immune-source.com)

2022 ) Dachshund acts with Abdominal-B to trigger programmed cell death in the drosophila central nervous system at the frontiers of Abd-B expression. (neurotree.org)

Here, we show that the non-receptor Src family tyrosine kinases, SRC64B and SRC42A, are involved in WNT5-mediated signaling through Derailed in the Drosophila embryonic central nervous system. (biologists.com)
Further, the data point to a novel ecdysone receptor that does not include Ultraspiracle but is probably comprised of EcR isoforms in Drosophila male accessory glands. (sdbonline.org)

We then analyzed the temporal and spatial expression of rab11a gene in embryonic development by RT-PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization. (researchsquare.com)

The junior research group leader joins a long-standing tradition at the campus in Buch - the famous geneticist Nikolay Timofeev-Ressovsky likewise used Drosophila as a model system. (mdc-berlin.de)

In Drosophila, the hormone ecdysone governs transitions between key developmental stages. (sdbonline.org)

Denervation of embryonic mouse lung explants reveals that lung branching requires nerves. (caltech.edu)

In many insects, the accessory gland , a secretory tissue of the male reproductive system, is essential for male fertility. (sdbonline.org)
First, an RNAi screen was carried out involving 19 hormone receptors, individually and specifically, in a male reproductive tissue (accessory gland) for their requirement in Drosophila male fertility. (sdbonline.org)
Drosophila matrix metalloproteinases are required for tissue remodeling, but not embryonic development. (uiowa.edu)

The scientists examined two sets of nerve cells that grow from the central nervous system outward to abdominal muscles in the fruit fly Drosophila. (salk.edu)

Sox3 has been shown to be expressed within neural progenitors of the developing mouse central nervous system. (refine.bio)

Anatomy10

Organisms5

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes12

Information Science3

Melanogaster11

Genes14

Differentiation11

Neurogenesis4

Single Drosoph1

Neurons11

Vertebrates3

Axon6

Neuronal5

Dorsal2

Peripheral Nervou2

Stem cells4

Larval1

Development of the nervous system1

Mechanisms6

Ventral2

Specification2

Proteins6

Embryos3

Mammals2

Midline1

Lethality1

Roles3

Defects1

Homolog3

Gene Expression2

Abnormalities2

Species2

Tracheal2

Fibroblasts1

Epithelial1

20191

Developmental Biology1

Vertebrate2

Protein4

Epithelia1

Pathways2

Regulates3

Axons2

Vivo1

Synapse2

Structures3

Molecular2

20221

Receptor2

Situ Hybridization1

Likewise1

Stages1

Nerves1

Tissue3

Fruit fly1

Mouse1