Downstream target e2f transcription factor mediate proliferation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Our simulations show that, if HMGB1 is overexpressed, then the oncoproteins CyclinD/E, which regulate cell proliferation, are overexpressed, while tumor suppressor proteins that regulate cell apoptosis (programmed cell death), such as p53, are repressed. (biomedcentral.com)
The HMGB1 signal transduction can influence the cell's fate by two important processes - apoptosis and cell proliferation - which are regulated respectively by the proteins p53 and CyclinE, acting in two different signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Calcium entry through transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channels modulates the delicate balance between proliferation and apoptosis. (encyclopedia.pub)
The TRPV1-apoptosis pathway involves Ca 2+ influx and efflux between the cytosol, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c from the mitochondria, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation and condensation. (encyclopedia.pub)
therefore, the modulation of the TRPV1-enforced proliferation-apoptosis balance is a promising avenue in developing anti-cancer therapies and overcoming cancer drug resistance. (encyclopedia.pub)
Carcinogenesis results from imbalances in the described pathways, which favor proliferation and reduce apoptosis [ 1 ] [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Therefore, anti-cancer therapies shift the balance in the opposite direction by reducing proliferation and upregulating apoptosis. (encyclopedia.pub)
Two major mechanisms of apoptosis are an extrinsic, death-receptor mediated mechanism, and an intrinsic, mitochondria-mediated mechanism [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic mechanisms lead to the activation of caspase 3, which mediates apoptosis through nuclear activity. (encyclopedia.pub)
Some lncRNAs affect the growth and development of breast cancer by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, and others are involved in invasion and metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer [ 6 ]. (jcancer.org)
Both inhibition of WDR5 by siRNA and OICR-9429 could reduce proliferation, and increase apoptosis and chemosensitivity to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo . (thno.org)
These data revealed that targeting WDR5 suppressed proliferation, enhanced apoptosis, chemosensitivity to cisplatin and immunotherapy in PCa. (thno.org)
TGF B as a tumor promoter TGF B acts as tumor suppressor in normal epithelium, it inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. (mirnaarray.com)
Mechanistically, over-expression of PTTG3P up-regulated PTTG1, activated PI3K/AKT signaling and its downstream signals including cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes. (biomedcentral.com)
miR-29b suppressed cellular proliferation and promoted apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, possibly through the inhibition of Mcl-1 and CCND2. (cusabio.cn)
They have the capacity to control the expression of many downstream genes which can affect several cell regulatory pathways, such as cell growth, differentiation, mobility and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)

Cyclin D1 and CDK4/6 are downstream of signaling pathways which lead to cellular proliferation. (shu.edu)
At the proliferation stage, proliferation related pathways and basic cellular and metabolic processes were inhibited, while regulatory factors that initiate differentiation enter the ready-to-activate state, which provides a precondition for initiating adipose differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, a number of extracellular proteins can bind to their receptors and activate signaling pathways that promote the proliferation of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
TBC1D15 activated three novel oncogenic pathways to promote self-renewal, p53 loss, and Nanog transcription in TICs. (nature.com)
[ 3 ] In an attempt to improve outcomes in HNSCC, most research in the field is now focusing on the molecular biology of HNSCC in an attempt to target select pathways involved in carcinogenesis. (medscape.com)
Current evidence indicates that, through either of these pathways, HER2 signaling can regulate c-Myc, a multifunctional transcription factor involved in cell cycle progression (see [ 4 ] and references therein). (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, anti-apoptotic signals associated with alterations of the downstream Ras-MAPK-Erk and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways contribute to chemo- and radioresistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Analysis showed function-based networks, shared transcription factor binding sites and signaling pathways for members of the clusters. (biomedcentral.com)

Treatment of breast cancer cell lines with the combination of palbociclib and antiestrogens leads to decreased retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation resulting in reduced E2F expression and signaling and increased growth arrest compared to treatment with each drug alone. (shu.edu)
In vivo studies using a patient-derived ER-positive breast cancer xenograft model demonstrated that the combination of palbociclib and letrozole increased the inhibition of Rb phosphorylation, downstream signaling and tumor growth compared to each drug alone. (shu.edu)
Generally, phosphorylation causes interdomain locking, which changes pRb's conformation and prevents binding to target proteins. (wikipedia.org)
A phosphorylation downstream to the core motif acts as a switch that binds to a positively charged pocket only present in p107/p130. (eu.org)
Upon phosphorylation of S608 in a flexible linker of Rb, this "RbLoop" mimics the LxDLFD groove motif, competing with E2F binding. (eu.org)
This in turn results in aPKCζ-mediated NUMB phosphorylation, NUMB dissociation from p53, and p53 degradation (Fig. 1a ) 12 . (nature.com)
The mTOR signaling complex 1 (mTORC1) helps maintaining protein synthesis through phosphorylation of at least two direct targets, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) and ribosomal protein S6 kinases (S6Ks) [ 3 ] that regulate the activity of EIF4F, a heterotrimeric complex required for the cap-dependent ribosome recruitment phase of translation initiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complex and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G(1) phase. (cusabio.cn)

Subsequently released E2F factors mediate expression of pro-proliferative genes including cyclin E and Cdc25A. (shu.edu)
The expression of further E2F target genes, as cyclin A, facilitates progression through S phase. (shu.edu)
DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
E2F is a group of genes that encodes a family of transcription factors in higher eukaryotes. (fortunepublish.com)
E2Fs, a set of genes that encode a family of transcription factors (TFs) in most higher eukaryotes, are generally divided into the following three subfamilies: transcriptional activator E2Fs (E2F1-E2F3), repressor E2Fs (E2F4-E2F5), and inhibitor E2Fs (E2F6-E2F8) [14,15]. (fortunepublish.com)
In many organs, cell proliferation and differentiation are antagonistically regulated by multiple basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) activator and repressor genes. (biologists.com)
Deletions of multiple GID subunits compromise cell proliferation, and this defect is accompanied by deregulation of critical cell cycle markers such as the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor, phospho-Histone H3 and Cyclin A. We identify the negative regulator of pro-proliferative genes Hbp1 as a bonafide GID/CTLH proteolytic substrate. (elifesciences.org)
We found significant dysregulation of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and stress response components of the NRF2- mediated oxidative damage pathway, potentially representing key genes in African-American esophageal squamous carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
Candidate genes showing distinctive expression patterns in response to ethanol were clustered by pattern and further analyzed for related function, pathway membership and common transcription factor binding within and across clusters. (biomedcentral.com)
The analysis approach for this study serves as a workflow to investigate the biology linked to expression changes across a time course and from these changes, to identify target genes that could serve as biomarkers linked to pilot performance. (biomedcentral.com)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate a number of physiological and pathological processes, including gene transcription and translation, chromatin modification, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and oncogenic and tumor-suppressive signals in cancer 6 . (researchsquare.com)
Here we identify TBC1D15-mediated oncogenic mechanisms and tested the tumorigenic roles of TBC1D15 in vivo. (nature.com)
Excess HER2 signaling leads to numerous oncogenic processes, including cell proliferation and survival [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mounting evidence has linked mutation and dysregulation of lncRNAs to cancer initiation, growth and metastasis and they may act as oncogenic factors or tumor suppressors [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In vitro, palbociclib reduced cellular proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines by blocking progression of the cell from G1 into S phase of the cell cycle. (shu.edu)
Additionally, DRAM2 overexpression promoted cell metastasis and proliferation in vitro, while knockdown of DRAM2 expression yielded opposite result. (cancerindex.org)
Enforced expression of PTTG3P significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)

Rb blocks cell cycle progression in G1 by binding E2F transcription factors. (shu.edu)
By keeping E2F-DP inactivated, RB1 maintains the cell in the G1 phase, preventing progression through the cell cycle and acting as a growth suppressor. (wikipedia.org)
We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
both E2F1 and c-Myc are stimulating factors of H19 expression, and the H19 lncRNA functions as a downstream effector of c-Myc and E2F1 in tumor development and progression [ 11 ]. (jcancer.org)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

RIP140 is required for ERα-complex formation, ERα-mediated gene expression, and ERα-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
Although emerging evidence indicates that E2Fs are implicated in various cancer types, the diverse expression patterns and prognostic values of E2F transcription factors in SKCM have yet to be elucidated. (fortunepublish.com)
DRAM2 overexpression also increased proteins CDK4, CyclinD3, and decreased p27 expression, all of which are cell cycle-related factors. (cancerindex.org)
Finally, we manually assembled a proposed regulation network model of subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation base on the expression data, and suggested that E2F1 may serve as an important link between the processes of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
RESULTS: In this study, the expression of RBM3, rather than CIRP, was altered in the skin of diabetic specimens, and the RBM3's overexpression accelerated the cell viability and proliferation of HaCaT cells under high glucose conditions. (bvsalud.org)
PURPOSE: The expression of MUC5AC, a highly prevalent airway mucin, is regulated by stimulatory factors such as oxidative stress. (bvsalud.org)
Many aspects of Hes expression are regulated by Notch signaling, which mediates cell-cell communication. (biologists.com)
This protective effect of preaccumulated p53 was mediated, at least in part, by the increased expression of CDKN1A/p21, subsequent down-regulation of BRCA1, and impaired JNK activation accompanied by decreased association of replication protein A with chromatin. (rupress.org)
Ectopic expression of UASR1 promoted proliferation and clonogenic growth of breast cancer cells MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. (jcancer.org)
Histone modification is a vital mechanism of gene expression and a promising therapy target. (thno.org)
For the other hand, down regulation of Id proteins in epithelial cells is because of activated SMAD3 that induces activating transcription factor expression then together with ATF directly represses the Id promoter. (mirnaarray.com)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
As part of civil aviation safety research into aeromedical factors impacting flight safety, we have undertaken a time course study on the effects of acute ethanol exposure to the legal intoxication level of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), 0.08 g/dL (0.08% wt/vol), on human gene expression in non-chronic users. (biomedcentral.com)
PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types. (lookformedical.com)
In this study, one of these EGS variants was used to target the overlapping region of the mRNAs encoding HCMV essential immediately-early (IE) proteins IE1 and IE2, which are the viral major transcriptional activators responsible for activation of viral gene expression (1). (azd1152.com)
We investigated the activity of the EGS in inducing RNase P to cleave the target mRNA and its efficacy in inhibiting HCMV gene expression and growth in cultured cells. (azd1152.com)

Overexpression of this gene is associated with tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. (cancerindex.org)
Our findings suggest that PTTG3P, a valuable marker of HCC prognosis, promotes tumor growth and metastasis via up-regulating PTTG1 and activating PI3K/AKT signaling in HCC and might represent a potential target for gene-based therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

We further predicted the putative signal pathway involved in the miR-199a-3p-mediated OS drug-resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Further studies showed that UASR1 activated AKT and AKT-mediated mTOR signaling pathway to stimulate cell proliferation and growth. (jcancer.org)

This study aimed to explore adipogenic transcriptional dynamics before (proliferation) and after (differentiation) initial preadipocyte differentiation in ducks. (biomedcentral.com)
We explored 36 mRNA-seq libraries in order to study transcriptome dynamics during proliferation and differentiation processes at 6 time points. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, we identified and classified more than 100 transcription factors that showed significant changes during differentiation, and found novel transcription factors that were not reported to be related to preadipoctye differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
For the first time we comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome dynamics of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Embryogenesis involves orchestrated processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. (biologists.com)
Embryogenesis depends on the timely proliferation of progenitor cells and their subsequent differentiation into multiple cell types. (biologists.com)
In this primer, we describe the key features of Hes factors and detail their roles in some representative processes of embryogenesis: namely, in the development of the nervous and digestive systems, two well-characterized processes, where Hes1 (and Hes3 and Hes5 in the nervous system) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and in the process of somite segmentation, where Hes7 functions as a biological clock. (biologists.com)
Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)

RB/E2F-family proteins repress transcription. (wikipedia.org)
Although its common function is seen as binding and repressing E2F targets, pRb is likely a multifunctional protein as it binds to at least 100 other proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Vesicular high transcription, by paper, is 10,000 proteins lower than the factor of the mutant( sponteneously 10 Interleukin-15). (erik-mill.de)
A family of cellular proteins that mediate the correct assembly or disassembly of polypeptides and their associated ligands. (lookformedical.com)
This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. (lookformedical.com)

Proliferation is upregulated through two mechanisms: (1) ATP binding to the G-protein-coupled receptor P2Y2, commencing a kinase signaling cascade that activates the serine-threonine kinase Akt, and (2) the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), leading to a series of protein signals that activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2. (encyclopedia.pub)
One such entity is the so-called HER2 subtype, which is characterized by amplification and/or overexpression of this member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family. (biomedcentral.com)

However, mechanistic details are lacking, and recent studies have implicated ALMS1 in several processes including endosomal trafficking, actin organisation, maintenance of centrosome cohesion and transcription. (springer.com)

pRb binds and inhibits E2 promoter-binding-protein-dimerization partner (E2F-DP) dimers, which are transcription factors of the E2F family that push the cell into S phase. (wikipedia.org)
The pRb-E2F/DP complex also attracts a histone deacetylase (HDAC) protein to the chromatin, reducing transcription of S phase promoting factors, further suppressing DNA synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Recent studies have found that overexpression of the High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, in conjunction with its receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), is associated with proliferation of various cancer types, including that of the breast and pancreatic. (biomedcentral.com)
CyclinE is a cell cycle regulatory protein which regulates the G1-S phase transition during cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
The adenovirus E1A protein mimics the LxDLFD motif and competes with E2F for binding to Rb, promoting E2F activation and cell proliferation. (eu.org)
The p53 interacting partner protein NUMB (homology of numb protein) preserves this intrinsic cellular asymmetry by preventing ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of p53 catalyzed by the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase 11 . (nature.com)
His research utilizes the tools of synthetic chemistry, protein biochemistry, and cancer biology to discover and validate new strategies for the inhibition of anti-cancer targets. (stanford.edu)
One of the microRNA strands of the duplex is loaded onto the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) where it is then able to either cleave RNA targets or repress protein translation dependent upon its complementarity to the target mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
They further link to the activation of protein kinase C- (PKC-) induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 6 , 7 ], which further mediates the activation of downstream transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κ B). Thus, the main treatments of DN refer to modulate glycemic and blood pressure through insulin and RAS inhibitors. (hindawi.com)
A retinoblastoma-binding protein that is involved in CHROMATIN REMODELING, histone deacetylation, and repression of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION. (lookformedical.com)
Although initially discovered as a retinoblastoma binding protein it has an affinity for core HISTONES and is a subunit of chromatin assembly factor-1 and polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)

Given the high frequency of DDX5 amplification in breast cancer, our results highlight DDX5 as a promising candidate for targeted therapy of breast tumors with DDX5 amplification, and indeed we show that DDX5 inhibition sensitizes a subset of breast cancer cells to trastuzumab. (aacrjournals.org)

The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)

Unfortunately, scientists have yet to be able to locate specific features of malignant and immune cells that would make them uniquely targetable (barring some recent examples, such as the Philadelphia chromosome as targeted by imatinib). (justia.com)
Skin Cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a highly aggressive malignant neoplasm that develops from uncontrolled proliferation and transformation of melanocytes. (fortunepublish.com)

A large number of studies have demonstrated that the synergistic collaboration of a number of microRNAs (miRNAs), their growth factors and their downstream agents is required for the initiation and completion of pathogenesis in the liver. (wjgnet.com)
Through their binding to target mRNA sequences, microRNAs have a large number of biologically diverse functions. (biomedcentral.com)

pRb has the ability to reversibly inhibit DNA replication through transcriptional repression of DNA replication factors. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, immune infiltrations analysis showed that transcriptional levels and somatic copy number alterations (SCNA) in E2F family were significantly correlated with several immune cell recruitments, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (fortunepublish.com)

Understanding factors required for DNA replication will enrich our knowledge of this important process and potentially identify vulnerabilities that can be exploited in cancer therapy. (aacrjournals.org)
Our results show a novel role for DDX5 in cancer cell proliferation and suggest DDX5 as a therapeutic target in breast cancer treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
Defects in the control of cell proliferation are a hallmark of cancer, and DNA replication is a key process for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
Indeed, a number of agents currently used in cancer treatment are known to target DNA synthesis. (aacrjournals.org)
LINC00958 mediates pancreatic cancer by controlling the miR-330-5p/PAX8 axis. (researchsquare.com)
The goal of specific molecular targets in cancer therapy is to create a "magic bullet" that selectively kills cancer cells. (medscape.com)
As our understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCC continues to develop, we can target the specific components of cancer cells that are not found in normal cells. (medscape.com)
Ideal targets should be both specific to cancer cells and commonly found in cancer cells. (medscape.com)
Targeted molecular therapy can also act as a complement to other existing cancer therapies. (medscape.com)
Targeted molecular therapy against EGFR has shown promise as an adjuvant therapy in preliminary studies in several solid tumors, including head and neck cancer. (medscape.com)
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides that function as regulatory factors in many human diseases, including cancer. (jcancer.org)
Anti-apoptotic signals induced downstream of HER2 are known to contribute to the resistance to current treatments of breast cancer cells that overexpress this member of the EGFR family. (biomedcentral.com)
The combined action of genetic and environmental factors is believed to underlie the etiology of esophageal cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
GACAT3 promotes breast cancer malignancy by sponging miR-497, leading to the enhancement of its endogenous target CCND2. (cusabio.cn)
In combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), epigenetic modification-targeted drugs are emerging as attractive cancer treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
The dysfunction of LSD1 contributes to poor prognosis, poor patient survival, drug resistance, immunosuppression, etc., making it a potential epigenetic target for cancer therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
The increasing interest in drug targets for LSD1 stems from its frequent overexpression and commonly observed negative correlation with prognosis in numerous types of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

Molecular mechanisms that mediate cell death and proliferation exist in balance in functional physiological systems. (encyclopedia.pub)

CONCLUSION: RBM3 activated the ERK1/2 signal to facilitate skin wound healing in diabetes, offering a novel therapeutic target for its treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Our study provides new insights into the role of circular RNAs in UVA-induced skin cell damage and suggests that circUBE2I could be a therapeutic target in UVR-aroused ferroptosis in skin cells. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, this central regulator could serve as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of HCC. (nature.com)
These findings provide new evidence of miR-4317 as a potential non-invasive biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC. (cusabio.cn)

plu therefore negatively regulates S-phase at a time in early development when commitment to S-phase does not depend on cyclic transcription. (sdbonline.org)

Chromatin assembly factor 1. (lookformedical.com)

Targeted molecular therapy, like therapy with monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy, and other therapies, has limited or nonexistent side effects on normal cells of the body, unlike present modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. (medscape.com)

However, the therapeutic efficacy is attenuated by the antitumor agent-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). (oncotarget.com)

A histone chaperone that facilitates nucleosome assembly by mediating the formation of the histone octamer and its transfer to DNA. (lookformedical.com)

The role of two members of the ETS (E26 avian leukemia oncogene) family of transcription factors, ETS-1 and ETS-2, has been investigated in many cancers but has not yet been studied in ocular tumors. (molvis.org)
Although TICs are identified in different types of cancers and represent a hallmark of therapy-resistance 3 , there is no coherent understanding of the underlying mechanisms for their unchecked proliferation, tumorigenic activity, and clinical intractability. (nature.com)

The AK4 gene is one of the targets of miR-199a-3p and negatively correlates with the effect of miR-199a-3p on OS drug-resistance. (biomedcentral.com)

pRb is able to bind to transcription factors in the E2F family and thereby inhibit their function. (wikipedia.org)
e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens. (lookformedical.com)

Estrogen is a mitogenic growth factor - disrupting the production or effective signaling of estrogen deprives cells of signals to divide. (shu.edu)
In addition to their deregulated proliferation, HER2 overexpressing cells exhibit altered survival signals. (biomedcentral.com)
Involvement of PTTG1 (pituitary tumor-transforming 1), PI3K/AKT signaling and its downstream signals were validated by qRT-PCR and western blot. (biomedcentral.com)

Activation of the CDK2-cyclin E complex results in hyperphosphorylation of Rb and fully releases E2F. (shu.edu)
We recently showed that NANOG-mediated induction of Aurora A kinase (AURKA), an upstream kinase for aPKCζ, and repression of Lethal Giant Larva 2 (LGL2 or LLGL2), an aPKCζ inhibitor, leads to aPKCζ upregulation and activation. (nature.com)

Direct evidence linking the INK4A locus to tumorigenesis was provided by the targeted disruption of exon 2 of INK4A in mice. (medscape.com)

Success of conventional chemotherapeutic regiment is based on the principle that tumors with high growth fractions (such as acute myelogenous leukemia and the lymphomas, including Hodgkin's disease) are more sensitive to chemotherapy because a larger proportion of the targeted cells are undergoing cell division at any given time. (justia.com)
We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Senescent cells elicit their fibrogenic actions primarily by secreting an assortment of inflammatory and profibrotic factors known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). (frontiersin.org)
Increasing evidence indicates that senescent cells could be a promising new target for therapeutic intervention known as senotherapy, which includes depleting senescent cells, modulating SASP and restoration of senescence inhibitors. (frontiersin.org)
Our results indicate a reduction in vascular placental cells, especially cells responsible for structural integrity, and increase in trophoblast proliferation in animals exposed to particulate matter. (nature.com)
Proliferation is involved in structural development and renewal, while programmed cell death is necessary to eliminate defective cells and prevent uncontrolled growth. (encyclopedia.pub)
The surface immune molecule CD274 plays a critical role in the proliferation of leukemia-initiating cells, LICs. (cusabio.cn)
Furthermore, senescent cells, with the secretory features known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), could produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein1 (MCP-1), to greatly affect the neighboring cells [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
The TME consists of various cellular components, including immune cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix, along with soluble factors and signaling molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
This innovative approach enhances the patient's immune system to target and eliminate tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Particularly in yeast, an organism where gluconeogenesis and glycolytic activity are intermittently coordinated, the multi-subunit GID E3 ligase complex specifically targets the surplus of gluconeogenic enzymes, including the conserved Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (Fbp1), for proteasomal degradation. (elifesciences.org)

Taken together, our results may provide novel strategies for the selection of prognostic biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets in SKCM patients. (fortunepublish.com)

B) A hybridized complex of a target RNA (e.g. mRNA) and an EGS that resembles the structure of a tRNA. (azd1152.com)

Transwell migration, cell cycle analysis, MTT and colony formation assays were performed to determine the effect of DRAM2 overexpression and knockdown on NSCLC-cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)

In contrast, silencing of UASR1 suppressed cell proliferation and migration. (jcancer.org)

LIG_RB_pABgroove_1 (LxDLFD), LIG_RB_LxCxE_1 (LxCxE) and LIG_RBL1_LxSxE_2 (LxSxE).The LxDLFD motif binds to a deep groove formed between the A and B subdomains and is present in E2F family transcription factors (E2F1-5). (eu.org)
family factor action HOXA2 lists subdivided in low complexe of ROBO2( Geisen et al. (erik-mill.de)

These data indicate that environmental exposure to air pollutants triggers changes in the placental cellular composition, mediating adverse pregnancy outcomes. (nature.com)

data indicate that linc00598 plays an important role in cell cycle regulation and proliferation through its ability to regulate the transcription of CCND2. (cusabio.cn)

Etoposide-induced senescence model may help investigate the initiation of cellular senescence in chondrocytes, and provide a useful model to develop therapeutic approaches to target senescence in OA. (aging-us.com)
Recently, cellular senescence has emerged as a new target to treat OA [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
Moreover, we highlight the potential therapeutic targets of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy and provide important clues for clinical strategies. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, we will explore the potential therapeutic targets of cellular senescence and provide important clues for clinical strategies in the management of DN. (hindawi.com)
Cellular aging or cellular senescence is the critical factor for the process of aging. (hindawi.com)

[ 2 ] Targeted disruption of TP53 in the mouse leads to the development of various tumors (see image below). (medscape.com)

Little is currently known about how these EGS RNA variants increase their activity in directing RNase P to cleave a target mRNA. (azd1152.com)
The EGS variant, IE-C51, was 25-fold more active in directing RNase P to cleave the target mRNA than IE-SER, the EGS derived from a natural tRNA sequence. (azd1152.com)

Our data revealed that both miR-199a-3p and its target gene AK4 are reversely correlated with the OS drug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)

Targeted cleavage of mRNA by human RNase P provides a unique approach to inactivate any RNA of known sequence expressed efficiency of the EGS-induced RNase P cleavage as well as its efficacy is required in order to develop EGSs for practical use both as a research tool and as a therapeutic agent for gene-targeting applications. (azd1152.com)

Selective compounds have been developed that target either the extracellular ligand-binding region of the EGFR (including a number of monoclonal antibodies [MAbs], immunotoxins, and ligand-binding cytotoxic agents) or the intracellular tyrosine kinase region (including various small-molecule inhibitors). (medscape.com)
There, he has established a discovery chemistry group that focuses on developing first-in-class inhibitors for newly emerging biological targets, including resistant alleles of existing targets, as well as inhibitors of well-validated targets, such as Her3 and RAS, that have previously been considered recalcitrant to small molecule drug development. (stanford.edu)

Anatomy19

Organisms12

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs130

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes67

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Apoptosis16

Pathways9

Phosphorylation8

Genes11

Oncogenic4

Vitro3

Progression6

Expression16

Metastasis2

Pathway2

Differentiation9

Proteins5

Epidermal growth f2

Processes1

Protein11

Inhibition1

Tumor cell1

Malignant2

MicroRNAs2

Transcriptional2

Cancer17

Physiological1

Therapeutic target4

Regulates1

Chromatin1

Molecular1

Nuclear1

Histone1

Cancers2

Correlates1

Bind2

Signals3

Activation2

Tumorigenesis1

Cells11

Degradation1

Biomarkers1

Complex1

Overexpression1

Migration1

Family2

Composition1

Cell cycle1

Senescence5

Tumors1

Cleave2

Data revealed1

MRNA1

Inhibitors2