• Amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( HER2 ) gene and overexpression of the HER2 protein is found in 15%-20% of patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. (wjgnet.com)
  • The ErbB family of proteins contains four receptor tyrosine kinases, structurally related to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), its first discovered member. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ErbB protein family consists of 4 members ErbB-1, also named epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ErbB-2, also named HER2 in humans and neu in rodents ErbB-3, also named HER3 ErbB-4, also named HER4 v-ErbBs are homologous to EGFR, but lack sequences within the ligand binding ectodomain. (wikipedia.org)
  • HER2 positive breast cancer is identified by the overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) protein in tumor tissue and results in an increased rate of cell proliferation. (her2support.org)
  • Recently, we isolated a novel negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), termed EGFR-related protein (ERRP), whose expression attenuates EGFR activation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Ligand binding to the four closely related members of this RTK family -epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also known as ErbB-1 or HER1), ErbB-2 (HER2), ErbB-3 (HER3), and ErbB-4 (HER4)-induces the formation of receptor homo- and heterodimers and the activation of the intrinsic kinase domain, resulting in phosphorylation on specific tyrosine residues (pY) within the cytoplasmic tail. (genome.jp)
  • MA5-14485 targets Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in IHC (P) applications and shows reactivity with Human samples. (thermofisher.com)
  • EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor, HER1, ErbB1) is encoded by the EGFR gene located on chromosome 7 in humans. (thermofisher.com)
  • EGFR is a transmembrane receptor and binding of its cognate ligands such as EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) and TGF alpha (Transforming Growth Factor alpha) to the extracellular domain leads to EGFR dimerization followed by autophosphorylation of the tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domain. (thermofisher.com)
  • We provide evidence that GpIA7 associates with the plant growth regulator StEBP1 (ErbB-3 epidermal growth factor receptor-binding protein 1). (bvsalud.org)
  • The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is among the most well-studied signaling pathways in cancer progression. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Introduction Epidermal development element receptor (EGFR) was the 1st discovered from the ErbB category of receptor tyrosine kinases with a total of four users: Erbb1/EGFR, ErbB2/Her2, ErbB3 and ErbB4. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • The transcription factor FOSL1 (also known as Fra-1), which is found in basal-like breast cancers but not in the luminal subtype, stimulated the transcription of miR-221/222, and the abundance of these miRNAs decreased with inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or MEK (mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase), placing miR-221/222 downstream of the RAS pathway. (nih.gov)
  • With the addition of trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), improvements in overall survival have been observed among patients with advanced HER2-positive disease. (carcinogenesis.com)
  • One type of breast cancer is identified by the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene amplification. (carcinogenesis.com)
  • The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase (TK) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NSCLC. (bmj.com)
  • Alterations in receptor tyrosine kinases (TKs), such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1, include overexpression, amplification or mutations. (bmj.com)
  • Novel therapeutic agents, in particular those that specifically target members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER (ErbB1)) pathway, have shown encouraging therapeutic efficacy. (bmj.com)
  • Although neither kinase-dead human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)3 nor orphan HER2 can be activated by HER-related ligands on their own, the formation of HER2/HER3 heterodimers creates the most mitogenic and transforming receptor complex within the HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The notion that breast cancer disease can be viewed as a biological process that is driven by overactive human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)1/2 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has led to development of various anti-HER tyrosine kinase agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Randomized phase II trial of the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab combined with docetaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer administered as first-line treatment: the M77001 study group. (aaoc.org.ar)
  • Mutations in the kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are found in a subset of patients with lung cancer and correlate with response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). (elsevierpure.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. (arigobio.com)
  • It is also frequently called HER2 (from human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ) or HER2/neu . (iiab.me)
  • HER2 is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR/ERBB) family. (iiab.me)
  • HER2 is so named because it has a similar structure to human epidermal growth factor receptor, or HER1. (iiab.me)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been validated as a therapeutic target in several human tumours, including colorectal cancer (CRC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Renal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is activated in models of diabetic nephropathy (DN), and inhibition of the EGFR signaling pathway protects against the development of DN. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) associates with a range of cancers while downregulation of EGFR signalling can inhibit cancer growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the current study, we examined the effects of recombinant ERRP on the growth and ligand-induced activation of multiple members of erbB family in three pancreatic cancer cell lines that express varying levels of EGFR and other member(s) of its family, specifically HER-2. (aacrjournals.org)
  • ERRP also inhibited ligand-induced activation of EGFR, HER-2, and HER-3 (ErbB3). (aacrjournals.org)
  • In contrast, Erbitux and Herceptin only partially or modestly inhibited activation of EGFR, HER-2, and HER-3. (aacrjournals.org)
  • EGFR belongs to the HER/ERbB family of proteins that includes three other receptor tyrosine kinases, ERbB2, ERbB3, ERbB4. (thermofisher.com)
  • Phosphorylation of EGFR at certain residues is also mediated by Src-non-receptor kinase. (thermofisher.com)
  • EGFR activation signals multiple downstream signaling cascades such as the Ras - ERK, PI3-K - Akt, Jak - STAT and PKC pathways that help in growth and proliferation of cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Phosphorylation of EGFR at Y1086 specifically allows binding of the adaptor protein GRB2, leading to activation of the MAPK pathway. (thermofisher.com)
  • Upon receptor activation and signaling, EGFR is endocytosed and targeted for degradation or recycling. (thermofisher.com)
  • Mutations in the EGFR gene are associated with lung cancer and multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encode different protein isoforms of EGFR have been found. (thermofisher.com)
  • Sinalização aumentada através do receptor do fator de crescimento epitelial (EGFR), sistema de quinases proteicas ativadas por mitógenos (MAPK) e via da fosfatidilinositol 3-quinase (PI3K) assim como estimulação do complexo de início de tradução (CIT) foram caracterizados em linhagens celulares e amostras tumorais de CCR. (usp.br)
  • Signaling intensification through epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and overactivation of the translation initiation complex (TIC) has been previously characterized in RCC cell lines and tumor samples. (usp.br)
  • 2 Since its finding, EGFR continues to be characterized like a mediator of a multitude of signal transduction occasions that control cell proliferation, migration and success. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Improved EGFR proteins and transcript amounts correlate with poor prognosis in a variety of epithelial cancers, such as for example colorectal malignancy (CRC), 4 non-small cell lung malignancy (NSCLC), 5 endometrial malignancy, 6 and squamous-cell carcinoma of the top and throat (SCCHN). (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Hsp90 inhibitors, such as 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), induce the degradation of EGFR and other Hsp90 interacting proteins and may thus have utility in tumors dependent upon sensitive Hsp90 clients. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In animal models, a single dose of 17-AAG was sufficient to induce degradation of mutant EGFR and inhibit downstream signaling. (elsevierpure.com)
  • ErbB-2 was named for its similarity to ErbB (avian erythroblastosis oncogene B), the oncogene later found to code for EGFR. (iiab.me)
  • EGFR protein expression and EGFR gene copy number were analysed by means of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridisation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EGFR mutations were absent from squamous cell carcinoma of the anus and tonsils, but EGFR protein expression was detected in the majority of the cases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies directed against the extracellular domain of EGFR and small molecule inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase domain of the receptor have been evaluated in the treatment of several solid tumours including CRC, NSCLC and HNSCC [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Knowledge of the expression, amplification and mutation status of EGFR as well as downstream effectors such as K-RAS would help us to better understand the response of cancer patients to molecular targeted therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This MAb recognizes a protein of 170kDa, identified as EGFR. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • EGFR is type I receptor tyrosine kinase with sequence homology to erbB-1, -2, -3 -4 or HER-1, -2, -3 -4. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • The expression of EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2), phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) as well as PD-L1 were assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The potential anti-cancer properties of krill oil are likely to be associated with the downregulation of EGFR, pEGFR and their downstream pERK/ERK1/2 and pAKT/AKT signalling pathways along with the downregulation of PD-L1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients with a strong overexpression of the HER2 protein (IHC3+) specifically benefited from the treatment, with a median overall survival of 17.9 mo. (wjgnet.com)
  • Inhibited HER2 activities include downstream signal transduction events and cell cycle regulatory pathways, such as the cell division cycle, ultimately resulting in decreased cell proliferation. (her2support.org)
  • HER2 is a member of the cErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, and is responsible for HER2-mediated signal transduction in the cytoplasm. (carcinogenesis.com)
  • These fusion proteins can provide an extracellular anchor for NRG1 , keeping the ligand near its receptor to increase binding to HER3, which leads to oncogenic activation of the signaling pathways and inappropriate ErbB3 heterodimerization, usually with HER2. (onclive.com)
  • It remains to be elucidated whether reactivation of HER3 signalling can also account for the poor efficacy of HER TKIs in treating breast carcinomas that contain low overall levels of HER2 receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, it appears that regardless of the mechanism that triggers the formation of oncogenic HER2/HER3 heterodimers (HER2 over-expression or overall low HER2 but high levels of the HER3 ligand heregulin), HER3 transphosphorylation is a common response of breast cancer cells upon treatment with current inhibitors of the HER receptor tyrosine kinase network. (biomedcentral.com)
  • El trastuzumab es un anticuerpo monoclonal dirigido contra el receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano (Her2), el cual se encuentra sobreexpresado en aproximadamente el 20% del cáncer de mama invasivo. (aaoc.org.ar)
  • Los mecanismos de resistencia al trastuzumab se pueden agrupar en 4 categorías principales: A. Obstáculos para la unión del trastuzumab al dominio extracelular del Her2. (aaoc.org.ar)
  • Molecular cloning of the gene showed that HER2, Neu, and ErbB-2 are all encoded by the same orthologs. (iiab.me)
  • [10] [11] HER2 can heterodimerise with any of the other three receptors and is considered to be the preferred dimerisation partner of the other ErbB receptors. (iiab.me)
  • Insufficient ErbB signaling in humans is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease, while excessive ErbB signaling is associated with the development of a wide variety of types of solid tumor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Excessive ErbB signaling is associated with the development of a wide variety of types of solid tumor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Persons with the most common pediatric brain malignancy, medulloblastoma, fare only slightly better than average, with a 71.9% 5-year survival, though the most common adult brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), incurs a mere 5.1% 5-year survival rate 2 . (nature.com)
  • Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
  • The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)
  • Like sorafenib, lapatinib is a protein kinase inhibitor shown to decrease tumor-causing breast cancer stem cells. (hmdb.ca)
  • Xenograft tumor models were used to validate the function of the downstream target. (oncotarget.com)
  • [ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Activation of the tyrosine kinase domain leads to the activation of the whole range of downstream signaling pathways like PLCγ, ERK 1/2, p38 MAPK, PI3-K/Akt and more with the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) couples binding of extracellular growth factor ligands to intracellular signaling pathways regulating diverse biologic responses, including proliferation, differentiation, cell motility, and survival. (genome.jp)
  • Signaling effectors containing binding pockets for pY-containing peptides are recruited to activated receptors and induce the various signaling pathways. (genome.jp)
  • NRG1 proteins are soluble ligands with an EGF-like domain that binds to ErbB3 (HER3) and stimulates downstream signaling pathways. (onclive.com)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • This Part 2 post is concerned with anti-cancer drug and other interventions that simultaneously address multiple growth pathways. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Besides sharing both up- and downstream pathways, Cdk5 and GSK3β are linked more directly in neurons. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, it does bind tightly to other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members to form a heterodimer, stabilizing ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. (arigobio.com)
  • Dimerisation results in the autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues within the cytoplasmic domain of the receptors and initiates a variety of signaling pathways. (iiab.me)
  • Also, the growth-inhibitory effects of HER1/2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were previously found to be attenuated in the presence of heregulin, which is a high-affinity combinatorial ligand for HER3. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Binding of Sema4D to plexin-B1 stimulates the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of ErbB-2, resulting in the phosphorylation of both plexin-B1 and ErbB-2. (rupress.org)
  • Our data indicate that ErbB-2 is an important component of the plexin-B receptor system and that ErbB-2-mediated phosphorylation of plexin-B1 is critically involved in Sema4D-induced RhoA activation, which underlies cellular phenomena downstream of plexin-B1, including axonal growth cone collapse. (rupress.org)
  • The intracellular/cytoplasmic region of the ErbB receptor consists mainly of three subdomains: A juxtamembrane with approximately 40 residues, a kinase domain containing approximately 260 residues and a C-terminal domain of 220-350 amino acid residues that become activated via phosphorylation of its tyrosine residues that mediates interactions of other ErbB proteins and downstream signaling molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • Downstream signaling from these receptors proceeds TSPAN10 via tyrosine phosphorylation. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Notably, the ErbB1 and ErbB4 are the two most studied and intact among the family of ErbB proteins, Which forms functional intracellular tyrosine kinases. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is a complex process due to the domain specificity and nature of the members of ErbB family. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Shc- and/or Grb2-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a common target downstream of all ErbB receptors. (genome.jp)
  • ErbB2 belongs to the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which has been implicated in a variety of human cancers , including cancers of the breast. (her2support.org)
  • Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 , also known as CD340 (cluster of differentiation 340), proto-oncogene Neu , Erbb2 (rodent), or ERBB2 (human), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERBB2 gene. (iiab.me)
  • The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein. (cancerindex.org)
  • The figure below shows the tridimensional structure of the ErbB family proteins, using the pdb files 1NQL (ErbB-1), 1S78 (ErbB-2), 1M6B (ErbB-3) and 2AHX (ErbB-4): The four members of the ErbB protein family are capable of forming homodimers, heterodimers, and possibly higher-order oligomers upon activation by a subset of potential growth factor ligands. (wikipedia.org)
  • The final cleavage is performed by -secretase, whose substrates include all four Notch receptors and their ligands as well as -amyloid precursor protein, E-cadherin, CD44, ErbB-4, and ephrin-B1 [2-8]. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. (biossusa.com)
  • The ERBB family of type 1 receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands have crucial functions during mammopoiesis, but the signaling networks that ultimately regulate ERBB activity in the breast have remained elusive. (silverchair.com)
  • However, it is unclear how the activity of plexin-B1 and its downstream effectors is regulated by its ligand Sema4D. (rupress.org)
  • Among the established custom DNA binding domains, Cas9 is most easily scaled to facilitate genome-scale perturbations 3 , 4 due to its simplicity of programming relative to zinc finger proteins and transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs). (cdc.gov)
  • GpIA7 modulates the regulatory function of StEBP1, altering the expression level of downstream target genes, including ribonucleotide reductase 2, cyclin D3;1, and retinoblastoma related 1, which are down-regulated in plants overexpressing GpIA7. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ligand-induced Notch receptor activation requires at least two cleavages that release the intracellular domain from the cytomembrane and allow it to translocate into the nucleus where it activates its target genes [1]. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • Bone cells can sense physical forces and convert mechanical stimulation conditions into biochemical signals that lead to expression of mechanically sensitive genes and proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, it is still poorly understood how genes and proteins in bone cells are orchestrated to respond to mechanical stimulations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By carefully developing protein selection filters and statistical models, we were able to identify 42 proteins representing 21 Rat genes that were significantly associated with bone cells' response to quantitative changes between normal loading and fatigue loading conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We further applied network biology techniques by building a fatigue loading activated protein-protein interaction subnetwork involving 9 of the human-homolog counterpart of the 21 rat genes in a large connected network component. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It still remains unknown what all the mechanically-sensitive genes and proteins in bone cells under mechanical stress are and how their differential expressions are regulated [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Involved in the transcription of rRNA genes by RNA Pol I and enhances protein synthesis and cell growth. (arigobio.com)
  • Defects in epithelial functional differentiation at parturition were accompanied by a profound reduction in expression of the STAT5-regulated milk genes casein beta and whey acidic protein . (silverchair.com)
  • The expression and cellular localisation of proteins encoded by selected candidate genes were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among the several options to block Notch signaling, inhibition ON123300 of -secretase by small molecules offers a promising approach and has been used extensively to study the downstream targets of the Notch signaling pathway [13,14]. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • The gene symbol, ErbB, is derived from the name of a viral oncogene to which these receptors are homologous: erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. (cancerindex.org)
  • Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. (aaoc.org.ar)
  • ERBB is abbreviated from erythroblastic oncogene B, a gene isolated from avian genome. (iiab.me)
  • ErbB-1 and ErbB-2 are found in many human cancers, and their excessive signaling may be critical factors in the development and malignancy of these tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Around 0.2% of all solid tumors contain oncogenic NRG1 gene fusions, 2 including around 31% of cases of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung. (onclive.com)
  • Afatinib, an irreversible pan-ERbB TKI, has already demonstrated durable responses in individual patients with NRG1 fusion-positive tumors, representing a potential treatment option in this setting. (onclive.com)
  • An important development in cancer research over the past 2 decades has been the recognition that genetic changes drive the pathogenesis of tumors of both adulthood and childhood. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] Targeted disruption of TP53 in the mouse leads to the development of various tumors (see image below). (medscape.com)
  • Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. (biossusa.com)
  • Autophosphorylation occurs in trans, i.e. one subunit of the dimeric receptor phosphorylates tyrosine residues on the other subunit (Probable). (arigobio.com)
  • Several cytoplasmic docking proteins appear to be recruited by specific ErbB receptors and less exploited by others. (genome.jp)
  • Combining these new datasets with existing published gene expression and protein expression data have identified selected panels of novel biomarkers which have been evaluated on over 100 cervical cancer and pre-cancer cases using standard immunohistochemistry approaches. (europa.eu)
  • The ability ('+') or inability ('-') of each growth factor to activate each of the ErbB receptors is shown in the table below: The dimerization occurs after ligand bind to the extracellular domain of the ErbB monomers and monomer-monomer interaction establishes activating the activation loop in a kinase domain, that activates the further process of transphosphorylation of the specific tyrosine kinases in the kinase domain of ErbB's intracellular part. (wikipedia.org)
  • The encoded protein possesses an extracellular domain which is composed of two immunoglobulin-like motifs at the N-terminal, followed by two fibronectin type-III motifs. (cancerindex.org)
  • Neratinib permanently inactivates the ErbB kinases. (her2support.org)
  • The erbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases plays critical roles in human cancers, including pancreatic cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The ErbB family consists of four plasma membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinases. (iiab.me)
  • Gene expression profiling of ErbB receptor and ligand-dependent transcription. (rochester.edu)
  • Associates with the 5'-TCAAATTC-3' sequence in the PTGS2/COX-2 promoter and activates its transcription. (arigobio.com)
  • The Y-box protein MSY3/Csda represses myogenin transcription in skeletal muscle by binding a highly conserved cis-acting DNA element located just upstream of the myogenin minimal promoter (myogHCE). (biomedcentral.com)
  • MSY3 (MSY4, YB-2, CSDA, dbpA, ZONAB) is a member of the cold shock domain (CSD) family of proteins also known as Y-box proteins, which are evolutionarily conserved proteins that function as transcription factors and regulators of RNA metabolism and protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
  • Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Cas9 nuclease can be converted into an RNA-guided DNA binding protein (dCas9) via inactivation of its two catalytic domains 12 , 13 and then fused to transcription activation domains. (cdc.gov)
  • These include the adaptors Crk, Nck, the phospholipase C gamma (PLCgamma), the intracellular tyrosine kinase Src, or the Cbl E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. (genome.jp)
  • Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. (biossusa.com)
  • The viral pentameric protein complex consisting of glycoprotein H (gH)/gL/UL128-131A (PC) is considered to be an important vaccine component. (asm.org)
  • Using a subviral particle vaccine candidate, we show here that one protein complex of HCMV, termed the pentameric complex (PC), enhances the neutralizing antibody response against viral infection of different cell types. (asm.org)
  • 1 ErbB users type homo- and heterodimeric cell-surface receptors with original extracellular domains yielding ligand-binding specificity. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Gefitinibe foi capaz de bloquear a sinalização iniciada por EGF na via de PI3K em todas as linhagens wt-PTEN e de bloquear a sinalização através de ERK1/2 e ERK5 ao menos parcialmente em todas as linhagens celulares. (usp.br)
  • This protein has no ligand binding domain of its own and therefore cannot bind growth factors. (arigobio.com)
  • Our previous study has shown that CCAAT-enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is an important regulator in METH-induced neuronal autophagy and apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • In summary, signaling through the ErbB family of receptors promotes cell proliferation and opposes apoptosis, and therefore must be tightly regulated to prevent uncontrolled cell growth from occurring. (iiab.me)
  • The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. (biossusa.com)
  • AXL, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is commonly overexpressed in several solid tumours and numerous hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma. (cancerindex.org)
  • Discovering a specific agent, which targets multiple members of the erbB family, would be important in pancreatic cancer therapy. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Each year approximately 2 million people in the United States begin warfarin therapy, resulting in more than 30 million prescriptions filled to prevent or treat blood clots. (mlo-online.com)
  • 2,3 Prior to the availability of such data, a physician would have to initiate drug therapy based upon available clinical information such as clinical history, height, weight, other medications being used, etc. (mlo-online.com)
  • BT-474 cells, obtained expression of the receptor has important implications for their biology from American Type Culture Collection, were maintained in RPMI 1640 and therapy (1). (lu.se)
  • Other exclusion criteria include prior treatment with an ErbB-targeted therapy and any other criteria that may render the patient ineligible according to the treating physician. (onclive.com)
  • The Her-2/neu gene and protein in breast cancer 2003: biomarker and target of therapy. (aaoc.org.ar)
  • In recent years the protein has become an important biomarker and target of therapy for approximately 30% of breast cancer patients. (iiab.me)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), characterised by peripheral insulin resistance, is a risk factor for dementia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), characterised by peripheral insulin resistance (IR), is an increasing problem in affluent societies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the lack of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is a risk factor for the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psychiatric disorders, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Association of c-erbB-2 protein over-expression with high rate of cell proliferation, increased risk of visceral metastasis and poor long-term survival in breast cancer. (aaoc.org.ar)
  • Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. (biossusa.com)
  • Protein tyrosine kinase that is part of several cell surface receptor complexes, but that apparently needs a coreceptor for ligand binding. (arigobio.com)
  • Mediates HCV entry by promoting the formation of the CD81-CLDN1 receptor complexes that are essential for HCV entry and by enhancing membrane fusion of cells expressing HCV envelope glycoproteins. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
  • We show that in the presence of the chemicals that induce hatching annexin lipid binding capabilities change, providing the first molecular link between a nematode eggshell protein and host-derived cues. (bvsalud.org)