• Analysis of virulence related gene expression and computational simulations of pivotal proteins involved in pathogenesis demonstrate that myricetin downregulates the saeR global regulator and interacts with sortase A and α-hemolysin. (nature.com)
  • L genes encode viral capsid proteins. (medscape.com)
  • In eukaryotic cells, chromatin comprises a complex consisting of DNA, RNA, and proteins where covalent modifications correlate with regulation of gene expression [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and used to construct a gut network of encoded proteins, in which DEGs were functionally annotated as being involved in an immune process based on gene ontology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
  • Numerous fundamental cellular processes, including virtually every aspect of gene expression and regulation, depend on the cooperation of RNAs and proteins. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Specific RNAs and proteins associate to build up some of the most complex macromolecular machineries of living cells, such as ribosomes and spliceosomes, which mediate particular steps of gene expression. (fu-berlin.de)
  • RNAs and proteins can also engage in more transient interactions, for example during co-transcriptional regulation of RNA polymerases or during post-transcriptional regulation of (pre-)mRNA life cycles. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Disruption of E1 and E2 allows for dysregulated downstream genes and the expression of E6 and E7 proteins, which are selectively maintained in virally induced tumors. (medscape.com)
  • These results indicate that the higher respiratory rate previously documented in queen larvae is accomplished through a higher level of expression of both nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded genes for mitochondrial proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • Unique vector and vector-evolution technologies from Vectron Biosolutions enable the development of expression systems designed for high-titer production of high-quality proteins, even those that are difficult to produce. (pharmasalmanac.com)
  • In addition, the results tend to be better for bacterial proteins and enzymes. (pharmasalmanac.com)
  • The product proteins are in a cleaner bioprocess fluid, and downstream purification is much simpler, leading to time and cost savings. (pharmasalmanac.com)
  • In most gram-positive bacteria, this operon consists of five genes dltXABCD but the involvement of the first ORF ( dltX ) encoding a small protein of unknown function, has never been investigated. (frontiersin.org)
  • Light-regulated gene expression in Bacteria: Fundamentals, advances, and perspectives. (optobase.org)
  • Numerous photoreceptors and genetic circuits emerged over the past two decades and now enable the light-dependent i.e., optogenetic, regulation of gene expression in bacteria. (optobase.org)
  • Here, we survey the underlying principles, available options, and prominent examples of optogenetically regulated gene expression in bacteria. (optobase.org)
  • These applications jointly testify to the maturity of the optogenetic approach and serve as blueprints bound to inspire and template innovative use cases of light-regulated gene expression in bacteria. (optobase.org)
  • Given these advantages, pREDusk and pREDawn enable red-light-regulated expression for diverse use cases in bacteria. (optobase.org)
  • It induces both local effects in the gut, as well as alterations in distant organs through stimuli generated by bacteria, structural bacterial components, and microbial metabolites [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon detection of environmental alterations, bacteria adjust their gene expression in order to obtain a phenotype that is suitable for the environment to which they are exposed ( Federle, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Overlapping genes are a common occurrence in viruses, bacteria and mitochondria. (ijpsr.com)
  • Mycoplasmas, the obligatory parasites of humans, animals and plants seem to have evolved more rapidly than other bacteria since some highly variable positions in their rRNA sequences are strongly conserved in other bacterial species 14 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Mycoplasmas have evolved from Gram-positive bacteria by reductive evolution thereby losing several genes involved in metabolism, cellular process and energy production 15, 16 . (ijpsr.com)
  • We study the functional interplay of pausing, termination and continued transcription, which constitutes a pervasive gene regulatory principle in bacteria. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Suppression of the degalactosylation by senju overexpression resulted in reduced induction of Toll-dependent expression of an antimicrobial peptide, Drosomycin , and increased susceptibility to infection with Gram-positive bacteria. (sdbonline.org)
  • VB Secretion technology, originally developed by Professor Kelly Hughes at the University of Utah and commercialized through the company T3S Technologies, is based on truncated versions of bacterial flagella, organelles in bacteria that help in locomotion. (pharmasalmanac.com)
  • Sequence analysis of the gelE flanking regions revealed three genes (fsrA, fsrB and fsrC) upstream of gelE that show homology to the genes in a locus (agr) that globally regulates the expression of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus and one open reading frame (sprE) with homology to bacterial serine protease downstream of gelE. (uth.edu)
  • a cis-acting sequence that increases the utilization of (some) eukaryotic promoters, and can function in either orientation and in any location (upstream or downstream) relative to the promoter. (insdc.org)
  • Overlapping genes are also found to evolve due to the acquisition of an upstream start codon by the downstream gene 7 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Light regulation of plant gene expression by an upstream enhancer-like element. (wikidata.org)
  • Chlamydial inhibition of MHC class II expression is correlated with degradation of upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-1, a constitutively and ubiquitously expressed transcription factor required for IFN-γ induction of class II transactivator (CIITA) but not of IRF-1 and ICAM-1. (silverchair.com)
  • We identified previously unrecognized putative CRP-S sites upstream of both genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Second, in Streptococcus mutans, there is a strong promoter immediately downstream of the transcription terminator that follows the asd RNA, and this promoter precedes the downstream gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The reduced raiR expression in cinI and cinR mutants was due to lack of expression of cinS immediately downstream of cinI. (uba.ar)
  • Recently, signaling by GCC and its downstream effector, cyclic GMP (cGMP) has emerged as a principal regulator of proliferation in human colon cancer cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • Both αGTP and βγ dimers are capable of regulating downstream effector functions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In addition it may have a role in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis as a downstream effector of the VEGF-A/Flk1 pathway. (proteinkinase.biz)
  • The analysis revealed a 25-gene signature of immune-associated DEGs and their expression profile was positively correlated with naïve T-cell, effector memory T-cell, central memory T-cell, resident memory T-cell, exhausted T-cell, resting Treg T-cell, effector Treg T-cell and Th1-like colorectal gene signatures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, although the asd gene encodes an enzyme, aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, that participates in the synthesis of methionine, lysine and threonine, transcription levels of the asd gene remain constant even when the concentrations of these amino acids are varied. (wikipedia.org)
  • cinS encodes a 67-residue protein, translationally coupled to CinI, and cinS acts downstream of expR for raiR induction. (uba.ar)
  • This gene encodes a protein that is the master regulator of transformation and a homolog of Sxy, which was first described in Haemophilus influenzae [ 7 ],[ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • E1 protein has helicase activity for replication, and E2 encodes DNA-binding protein for regulation of transcription. (medscape.com)
  • RNA-differential display experiments identified a clone that encodes for a gene that is homologous to the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial translation initiation factor (AmIF-2mt). (lookformedical.com)
  • We, therefore constructed an in frame deletion mutant of dltX , without affecting the expression of the other genes of the operon. (frontiersin.org)
  • To identify genes in EPS production beyond the EPS biosynthetic gene operon, we selected the EPS-defective mutants of R. pseudosolanacearum strain SL341 from Tn5-inserted mutant pool. (ppjonline.org)
  • IglA is a 21 kDa protein encoded by a gene that is part of an iglABCD operon located on the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In MarS deletion strains expression of mga and several Mga-activated genes is reduced. (wikipedia.org)
  • To decipher the molecular basis for the variation in expression and protein production among strains, different regulation levels were analyzed in representative clinical isolates and reference strains. (cnrs.fr)
  • Taken together, this work illustrates the complexity of virulence factor expression in clinical strains and demonstrates a butterfly effect where subtle genomic variations have a major impact on phenotype and virulence. (cnrs.fr)
  • With the ChAP-Seq results a putative DNA-binding motif could be identified for FtsR.Transcriptional activation of ftsZ expression by FtsR was underlined by DNA microarrayexperiments, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), and reporter gene studies.Analysis of strains expressing ftsZ under control of the gluconate-inducible gntK promoterrevealed that the phenotype of the ftsR mutant is not solely caused by reduced ftsZexpression but involves additional factors. (fz-juelich.de)
  • Antimicrobial activity of the MSP-rich extracts was investigated against 13 fish bacterial strains. (aquaeas.org)
  • Over time, OspC genes were transferred between strains through recombinations involving the whole or parts of the gene and one or both flanks. (cdc.gov)
  • a regulatory region that controls epigenetic imprinting and affects the expression of target genes in an allele- or parent-of-origin-specific manner. (insdc.org)
  • The transcription factor RBPJ forms a coactivator complex in the presence of a Notch signal, whereas it represses Notch target genes in the absence of a Notch stimulus. (uni-ulm.de)
  • In line with this, RBPJL is able to fully reconstitute transcriptional repression at Notch target genes in cells lacking RBPJ. (uni-ulm.de)
  • We recently described a Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI) harboring several genes necessary for intracellular growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TLR4 is expressed in epithelial cells and activated TLR4 causes activation of Nuclear factor κB (NF- κB) through multiple downstream intracellular signals, and then synthesizes pro-allergic cytokines [3]. (biomedres.us)
  • We report that chlamydiae, which are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, can inhibit interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression. (silverchair.com)
  • These results reveal a novel immune evasion strategy used by the intracellular bacterial pathogen chlamydia that improves our understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis. (silverchair.com)
  • Many intracellular pathogens have evolved various strategies for inhibiting MHC molecule expression on infected cells to avoid T lymphocyte recognition. (silverchair.com)
  • It has been demonstrated that IFN-γ- inducible MHC class II expression is inhibited in cells infected with various intracellular pathogens ( 13 - 18 ), which suggests that suppression of IFN-γ-inducible MHC class II may represent an immune evasion strategy used by intracellular pathogens. (silverchair.com)
  • Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen ( 19 ) and the causative agent of many important human diseases ( 20 , 21 ). (silverchair.com)
  • Recombinant HIPKs and DYRK1A are auto-activated and phosphorylate the negative elongation factor SPT5, the transcription factor c-Myc, and the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, suggesting a direct function in transcriptional regulation. (nature.com)
  • In the first part of this doctoral thesis the transcriptional regulation of the odhI gene (cg1630)of Corynebacterium glutamicum was analyzed. (fz-juelich.de)
  • Since downstream of odhI two genespresumably encoding transcriptional regulators (cg1631 and cg1633) are located, it wasspeculated that these could be involved in transcriptional regulation of odhI. (fz-juelich.de)
  • Thus, there is currently noevidence for transcriptional regulation of odhI.The second part of this thesis addresses the regulation of cytokinesis in C. glutamicum. (fz-juelich.de)
  • We found that TprA controls the expression of nine different operons on galactose and mannose. (frontiersin.org)
  • To study the functions of these genes, gene disruption mutants of fsr and sprE were constructed. (uth.edu)
  • Testing the virulence of fsr and sprE mutants in the mouse peritonitis model showed that these mutants had significant delays in lethality compared to OG1RF, suggesting that sprE and fsr genes contribute to the virulence of E. faecalis OG1RF in this model. (uth.edu)
  • Among several EPS-defective mutants, we identified a mutant, SL341P4, with a Tn5-insertion in a gene encoding a putative NDP-sugar epimerase, a putative membrane protein with sugar-modifying moiety, in a reverse orientation to EPS biosynthesis gene cluster. (ppjonline.org)
  • op), a transcriptional fusion gene, was used to form lysogens in the wild-type, rpoH or/and rpoS mutants. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Since raiR (and rail) expression is also reduced in cinI and cinR quorum-sensing mutants, we thought CinI-made AHLs may activate ExpR to induce raiR. (uba.ar)
  • In senju mutants, reduced expression of galactose-containing glycans resulted in hyperactivation of the Toll signaling pathway in the absence of immune challenges. (sdbonline.org)
  • Overlapping genes have evolved due to mutational bias towards deletion 3 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Evidence from previous studies show that most overlapping genes have originated as a result of stop codon deletion, by a point mutation at the stop codon or by the introduction of a near - end frameshift extending the protein translation till the next in-frame stop codon 4-6 . (ijpsr.com)
  • This arrangement suggests that asd RNA transcription is terminated, and the gene is transcribed from the downstream promoter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biomolecular analyses have revealed that a few SNPs in the promoter sequences and only one SNP in the 5' UTR of mRNA induce the differential expression of , drastically impacting mRNA translation. (cnrs.fr)
  • 2) sequence segment located between the promoter and the first structural gene that causes partial termination of transcription. (insdc.org)
  • a transcriptional cis regulatory region that when located between an enhancer and a gene's promoter prevents the enhancer from modulating the expression of the gene. (insdc.org)
  • fusion gene was constructed, with the clpQ + Y + promoter fused to a lacZ reporter gene. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • For pharmaceutical manufacturing, Vectron Biosolutions is focused on improving the performance of Escherichia coli systems by using expression vectors based on the xylS/Pm regulator/promoter system from Pseudomonas putida (xylS is the transcription regulator gene) on an RK2 plasmid modified to greatly reduce its size. (pharmasalmanac.com)
  • Molecular genetic analysis of the switch-like regulation of daf-7 expression in the ASJ neuron pair reveals a hierarchy of regulation among multiple inputs-sex, age, nutritional status, and microbial environment-which function in the modulation of behavior. (elifesciences.org)
  • We screened the literature from inception until January 2022 by querying the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) using the search terms: (microbiome OR microbial OR microbiota OR microflora OR dysbiosis). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overlapping genes can be used as rare genomic markers to get insight into the phylogeny of the completely sequenced microbial genomes 13 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Interest in microbial fermentation in bacterial systems has been increasing recently, because protein expression is easier in these systems than in mammalian cell culture. (pharmasalmanac.com)
  • Nucleotide sequence of the asd gene of Streptococcus mutans. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, overlapping genes have been proposed as means of achieving genome reduction by retaining indispensable genes and compressing maximum amount of information in available sequence space 17 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Immunoglobulin gene transcription is activated by downstream sequence elements. (wikidata.org)
  • The discovery of the antioxidant response element (ARE) have led to the conclusion that the battery of genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) is regulated through Nrf2 binding to this consensus binding sequence [ 3 ]. (springer.com)
  • Extensive regulation by σS of genes involved in metabolism and membrane composition, and down-regulation of the respiratory chain functions, were important features of the σS effects on gene transcription that might confer fitness advantages to bacterial cells and/or populations under starving conditions. (hal.science)
  • Diet-induced obesity led to altered acetylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27ac) and to altered monomethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me1) at numerous loci, with concomitant changes in the expression of genes that were functionally relevant to intestinal cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lateral gene transfers resulted in different linkages between the ospC gene and loci of the chromosome or other plasmids. (cdc.gov)
  • Some asd RNA are associated with genes, such as asd, that are suggestive of a cis-regulatory function. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sRNA was shown to interact with the 5'UTR of the mga transcript (the multiple virulence gene regulator gene) and was renamed MarS for mag-activating regulatory sRNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Importantly, the σS-controlled downstream network includes small RNAs that might endow σS with post-transcriptional regulatory functions. (hal.science)
  • Our data revealed that TprA expression is modulated by a complex regulatory network, where the master regulators CcpA and GlnR are involved in a sugar dependent manner. (frontiersin.org)
  • We conclude that CinS mediates quorum-sensing regulation because it is coregulated with an AHL synthase and demonstrate that its regulatory effects can occur in the absence of AHLs. (uba.ar)
  • However, the IFN-γ-induced IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression is not affected, suggesting that chlamydia may selectively target the IFN-γ signaling pathways required for MHC class II expression. (silverchair.com)
  • In these processes, transcript-borne regulatory RNAs alone or in conjunction with protein factors assemble on the surface of RNAP and accompany the enzyme during further transcription by an RNA looping mechanism, rendering the elongation complex resistant to pause and/or termination signals downstream of the original modification site. (fu-berlin.de)
  • After epidermal injury, barrier repair requires activation of many wound response genes in epidermal cells surrounding wound sites. (sdbonline.org)
  • Photochrome-mediated regulation of messenger RNAs for the small subunit of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase and the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein in Lemna gibba. (wikidata.org)
  • mutations in cinI, cinR, cinS, and expR all reduced expression of plyB, encoding an EPS glycanase, and mutation of plyB abolished the effect of cloned cinS on colony morphology. (uba.ar)
  • SCID results from mutations in any of more than 15 known genes. (medscape.com)
  • These findings suggest that the gut microbiome, under specific dietary exposures, stimulates a reprogramming of the enhancer landscape in the colon, with downstream effects on transcription factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A tissue-specific transcription enhancer element is located in the major intron of a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. (wikidata.org)
  • A lymphocyte-specific cellular enhancer is located downstream of the joining region in immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. (wikidata.org)
  • We also study selected RNP-remodeling enzymes as drivers of molecular RNP machineries and as mediators of co- and post-transcriptional gene regulation. (fu-berlin.de)
  • It pores optimal that the Kaplan-Meier genes from empirical enzymes is the Kaplan-Meier materials transcribed on the applied administrator in the improved biglycan of Figure 4. (naturheilpraxis-gisbert-fussek.de)
  • Two such genes in Drosophila encode the enzymes dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) and tyrosine hydroxylase (ple) . (sdbonline.org)
  • Based on the phylogenetic analysis and structural characteristics, 197 identified bHLH genes could be well classified into 21 groups. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the lack of MarS increased bacterial dissemination and tolerance towards oxidative stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our work revealed that A. muciniphila attenuated APAP-induced liver injury by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, and its hepatoprotective effect was accompanied by activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and mediated by regulation of the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota. (typeset.io)
  • One of the few antigens against which mammals develop protective immunity is the highly polymorphic OspC protein, encoded by the ospC gene on the cp26 plasmid. (cdc.gov)
  • This study also provides a firm basis for future studies to address molecular mechanisms of indirect regulation of gene expression by σS. (hal.science)
  • Each plate included a positive control with bacterial strain alone in MH broth, and two negative controls: only MSP extract at the different dilutions, and MH broth alone. (aquaeas.org)
  • In this work, a genome-wide identification of the bHLH genes in Chinese white pear was performed, and we characterized the functional roles of these PbrbHLH genes in response to abiotic stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A genome wide study of the gene regulation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) confronted with A. fumigatus, C. albicans or LPS was performed and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was identified as the only transcription factor that was down-regulated in DCs by both fungi but induced by stimulation with LPS. (hki-jena.de)
  • The bacterial pathogens within the RSSC produce exopolysaccharide (EPS), a highly complicated nitrogen-containing heteropolymeric polysaccharide, as a major virulence factor. (ppjonline.org)
  • Tlymphocyte recognition of MHC-peptide complexes on target cells is essential for mounting an antigen-specific immune attack ( 1 ), which may in turn select pathogens able to evade immune recognition by suppressing MHC expression on the infected cells ( 2 ). (silverchair.com)
  • To escape CD4 + T cell recognition, pathogens may need to inhibit the IFN-γ-inducible MHC class II expression. (silverchair.com)
  • In this study overlapping genes in the genomes of two obligatory human parasites, Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma penetrans were extracted and systematically analyzed. (ijpsr.com)
  • Gene pairs that occur as overlapping in both the genomes, gene pairs that occur as overlapping in one genome but are split in the other genome were separated out and more closely analysed. (ijpsr.com)
  • The study revealed that most of the overlapping genes in these genomes are formed due to loss of a stop codon or frame shift. (ijpsr.com)
  • The present study also emphasizes the significance of overlapping genes in the evolution of these genomes. (ijpsr.com)
  • As an endeavor to analyze the role of overlapping genes in genome reduction, in the present study all the overlapping genes in the genomes of the two obligatory human parasites, Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma penetrans were systematically analyzed. (ijpsr.com)
  • MyD88 is an adaptor protein for most TLR signaling pathways in regulation of the innate immunity [4]. (biomedres.us)
  • IRAK4-deficiency animals completely lost their immune response to bacterial and viral challenge, which indicate that IRAK4 plays an important role in innate immunity [6]. (biomedres.us)
  • Bacterial infection of human vasculature can lead to unregulated systemic activation of coagulation and innate immunity and rapidly becomes life threatening. (espci.fr)
  • They include both the hydrolysis resistant GTP analogs, GTP-γ-S and GDP-β-S, that hold the Gα subunit in active and inactive conformations, respectively, and various bacterial toxins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Tissue-specific and light-regulated expression of a pea nuclear gene encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. (wikidata.org)
  • Bacterial plasmids were isolated by the alkaline lysis gene that moves by 1-ended transposition. (cdc.gov)
  • encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular redox balance and protective antioxidant and phase II detoxification responses in mammals [ 1 , 2 ]. (springer.com)
  • Given the important roles of the gut microbiome in regulating host physiology and gene expression, a better understanding of the relationship between the host and the symbiont microbiota should provide new insights into human health and disease risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identifying gene makers of immune dysregulation during gut microbiota ageing may contribute to mechanistic insights in preventing age-related alterations of intestinal physiology and associated disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Disruption of any of fsr genes eliminated the expression of other fsr genes, gelE and sprE and the production of gelatinase and serine protease activities, suggesting auto-regulation of fsr genes and positive regulation of gelE and sprE by fsr genes. (uth.edu)
  • Overlapping genes in prokaryotes are a means to minimize genome size and increase the density of genetic information. (ijpsr.com)
  • He regulates more than 160 E22The methods( in both baseline and same numerous genes of methods, effects and prokaryotes, at free index zu das christlich koptische agypten in arabischer zeit tavo b 41 1 6 tubinger atlas des vorderen orients vigorously fully as to-date fuse) and more than 700 Basic measurements. (naturheilpraxis-gisbert-fussek.de)
  • The immunomodulatory effects of fungi were compared to the bacterial stimulus LPS to determine key players in the immune response to fungal infections. (hki-jena.de)
  • We investigated publicly available transcriptomic gut profiles of young germ-free mouse hosts transplanted with old donor gut microbiota to identify immune-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The association between the expression of immune-process DEGs and abundance of immune infiltrates from gene signatures in normal colorectal tissues was estimated from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These genes may have a potential role as candidate markers of immune dysregulation during gut microbiota ageing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) recruits the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 (IRAK4), triggering a series of immune responses. (biomedres.us)
  • Therefore KLF4 was identified as a controlling element in the IL-6 immune response with a unique expression pattern comparing fungal and LPS stimulation. (hki-jena.de)
  • Interestingly, Toll activation in immune-challenged wild type (WT) flies reduced the expression of galactose-containing glycans. (sdbonline.org)
  • With the advances in BMT and gene therapy, patients now have a better likelihood of developing a functional immune system in a previously lethal genetic disease. (medscape.com)
  • The most commonly lost gene products in colorectal carcinogenesis include guanylin and uroguanylin, the endogenous ligands for guanylyl cyclase C (GCC, GUCY2C), the intestinal receptor for diarrheagenic bacterial enterotoxins. (jefferson.edu)
  • Together with the uniform over-expression of GCC in human tumors, and the standard of care in which hormone deficiencies are treated by replacement therapy, the role of GCC as a tumor suppressor underscores the potential of oral administration of GCC ligands for targeted prevention and therapy of colorectal cancer. (jefferson.edu)
  • Differential expression of mitochondrial genes between queens and workers during caste determination in the honeybee Apis mellifera. (lookformedical.com)
  • nuclear-encoded) also showed differential expression of these two genes between queens and workers. (lookformedical.com)
  • 5. The mechanism of transcription regulation by C protein. (am-online.org)
  • α Subunits are encoded in 15 genes and several transcripts are alternatively spliced (five α s , two α i2 , two α o forms). (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Using in planta nucleotide-resolution mRNA structurome probing, we discovered that this stress-induced switch in translation is mediated by highly structured regions detected downstream of uAUGs in TE-up transcripts. (biorxiv.org)
  • There a variety of control mechanisms that ensure the correct temporal expression of R-M genes. (am-online.org)
  • Unfortunately, the regulation mechanisms have not been well explored thus far. (am-online.org)
  • Real‑time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analyses were used to detect SPRY2 expression and miR‑21 protein expression levels. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Semi-quantitative analysis by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) throughout honeybee development detected a higher level of expression of this gene in queen larvae than in worker larvae. (lookformedical.com)
  • All HPV subtypes contain early (E) genes and late (L) genes, which are essential to viral integration and replication. (medscape.com)
  • TMP/SMX plus tobramycin exhibit a greater killing cate that class 1 integrons and IS CR elements linked to sul 2 genes can mediate TMP/SMX resistance in S. mal- capacity then TMP/SMX alone ( 7 , 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Nrf2 stabilization and increase in its half-life even to 200 min [ 9 ] allows nuclear translocation and activation of transcription of cytoprotective genes (Fig. 1 ). (springer.com)
  • First, in some cases, the asd RNA is not in the 5' untranslated region of any annotated gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • BphPs commonly belong to two-component systems that control the phosphorylation of cognate response regulators and downstream gene expression through histidine kinase modules. (optobase.org)
  • In this study, we showed that IglA regulation is controlled by the global regulators MglA and MglB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unlike antibacterials that aim to inhibit cell growth, antivirulence therapies are based on the inhibition of bacterial virulence. (nature.com)
  • Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a soil borne plant pathogen causing bacterial wilt on various important crops, including Solanaceae plants. (ppjonline.org)
  • Overlapping genes are more conserved between species than non-overlapping genes mostly because a mutation in the overlapping region causes changes in both genes 11, 12 . (ijpsr.com)
  • A LuxR-type regulator, ExpR, is required for raiR expression, and RaiR is required to induce rail. (uba.ar)
  • However, added CinI-made AHLs did not induce raiR expression in a cinI mutant. (uba.ar)
  • The significance of loss of GCC ligands early in intestinal tumorigenesis remains obscure because (patho)physiological roles of GCC signaling in intestine, beyond regulation of intestinal fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, are poorly defined. (jefferson.edu)
  • Real-Time PCR showed that the mRNA expression level of MyD88 in the pre-hibernation decreased when compared with the breeding period, while the mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and IRAK4 were not significantly different between the breeding and pre-hibernation periods. (biomedres.us)
  • The potential anti-neuroinflammatory effects of propranolol were interrogated by analysis of cytokine mRNA expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Propranolol treatment abrogated the elaboration of inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in the brain instigated in our model, having no treatment effects in non-DFP exposed groups. (cdc.gov)
  • We found that the distributions and frequencies of types of OspC genes differed between populations of B. burgdorferi in the Northeast, the Midwest, and California. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, Zbtb20 expression identified and controlled the function of a distinct subset of Tregs that are involved in intestinal homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)