Downstream calcium signaling. Medical search. Frequent questions

Plants are immobile and, to overcome harsh environmental conditions such as drought, salt, and cold, they have evolved complex signaling pathways. (mdpi.com)
Thus, our results demonstrate that changes in neuronal activity initiate competing signaling pathways that positively and negatively regulate the growth of the dendritic arbor. (jneurosci.org)
After receptor activation, the alpha- and beta-gamma-subunits of G protein dissociate to activate diverse downstream pathways resulting in cellular polarization and actin reorganization. (genome.jp)
Currently, there are 4 known MAPK signaling pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK ), c- Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK, also known as SAPK), p38 and ERK5 pathways. (cusabio.com)
6 3 In fact, one of the first pieces of evidence for a role of succinate in cancer development was provided by the discovery of pseudohypoxia, which refers to activation of hypoxia signaling pathways under normal oxygen levels. (haematologica.org)
Therefore, SLE is currently believed to be a T cell-driven condition and, indeed, targeting molecules expressed on T cells and their signalling pathways can be one of the potential therapeutic strategies in SLE. (hindawi.com)
Stimulation of TCRs upon antigen binding triggers downstream signalling pathways which enables various physiological functions of the T cells. (hindawi.com)
Then the researchers sought to investigate if these changes in the development of neuronal lineages occurred due to similar downstream molecular pathways. (ccmb.res.in)
Zebrafish regenerate their caudal fins by an orchestrated progression of cell migration, differentiation and proliferation controlled by a multitude of signaling pathways. (refine.bio)
This complex process was exploited as an in vivo platform to identify cross talk between Ahr and other signaling pathways. (refine.bio)
It has been well known that activation of calcium and PKC signal pathways are vital downstream events for a1-AR stimulation [37]. (lckinhibitor.com)
Finally, these signaling pathways induce expression of the nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), which is a key transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis. (molcells.org)
The berry fruits are also capable of modulating signaling pathways involved in inflammation, cell survival, neurotransmission and enhancing neuroplasticity. (lww.com)
Based on this reason, the goal of this application is to understand the regulation of HAX-1 and its downstream calcium-dependent signaling pathways during cisplatin-induced kidney failure. (tmu.edu.tw)
2) What are the signal transduction pathways of HAX-1 in kidney following cisplatin induced injury? (tmu.edu.tw)
It tends to be especially harmful to the endocrine system, because it can disrupt estrogen receptor signaling pathways. (illuminatelabs.org)
Compounds we perceive as sweet or bitter in the mouth trigger similar receptors and signaling pathways elsewhere in the body, helping to regulate digestion, respiration, and other systems. (the-scientist.com)
We show that these opposing responses are driven via engagement of distinct odorant-directed signal transduction pathways within AWC. (plos.org)
Our results indicate that context-dependent recruitment of alternative intracellular signaling pathways within a single sensory neuron type conveys opposite hedonic valences, thereby providing a robust mechanism for odorant encoding and discrimination at the periphery. (plos.org)
When studying the LTD4 induced signalling pathways we found that CysLT1R mediated stress fibre formation and a calcium response through two heterotrimeric G-proteins, Ga12 and Gai3, respectively and that the LTD4 induced calcium response is dependent on PKCe. (lu.se)
Taken together we have shown that LTD4 might have an impact on tumour development through the regulation of CysLT1R and its downstream signalling pathways. (lu.se)
median, 1.5), signaling pathways are far from fully understood. (lu.se)

Specifically, we have uncovered a novel, activity-dependent signaling pathway that restricts dendritic arborization. (jneurosci.org)
The MAPK signaling pathway activates transcription factors and regulates gene expression through a cascade reaction (MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK). (cusabio.com)
In the MAPK signaling pathway, the ERK pathway acts primarily through the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK cascade. (cusabio.com)
The main process of this pathway: the growth factor activates the receptor by binding to the tyrosine kinase receptor, and the activated tyrosine kinase receptor activates the Ras protein, then the Ras protein phosphorylates the Raf, and the activated Raf phosphorylates the downstream MEK. (cusabio.com)
The ERK-MAPK signaling pathway plays a role in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into adipocytes [1] [2] . (cusabio.com)
Studies have shown that ERK signaling pathway is also involved in signal transduction of osteoblast differentiation and proliferation. (cusabio.com)
The JNK signaling pathway can affect a variety of life processes such as cell growth, cell differentiation, and cell death. (cusabio.com)
JNK signaling pathway also plays an important role in regulating adipocyte differentiation. (cusabio.com)
The p38 signaling pathway is an important component of the MAPK family. (cusabio.com)
The p38 signaling pathway regulates the differentiation direction of stem cells, which may be related to the regulation of the stability of p53 protein [3] [4] . (cusabio.com)
Exposures to dioxin, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) cause a wide array of toxicities in vertebrates and is mostly considered to be mediated through the inappropriate activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) signaling pathway. (refine.bio)
Comparative toxicogenomic analysis revealed that both adult and larval fins respond to TCDD during regeneration with mis-expression of Wnt signaling pathway members and Wnt target genes. (refine.bio)
In heart, Ca governs cardiomyocyte contraction, is central in electrophysiological properties, and controls major signaling pathway implicated in gene transcription. (escholarship.org)
Accordingly, we hypothesized that NE might boost c-Fos expression, in turn inhibit p38 phosphorylation and TNF-a production by means of activating ERK1/2 signalling pathway in LPS-challenged cardiomyocytes. (lckinhibitor.com)
These observations indicate that NE inhibits LPS-induced NF-jB activation in cardiomyocytes by way of stimulating a1-AR, which can be independent of ERK1/2 signalling pathway. (lckinhibitor.com)
This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is involved in calcium-inducedregulation of ion channels and activation of the map kinase signaling pathway. (bioerc-iend.org)
Aim 3: To characterize the signal pathway of HAX-1 after cisplatin treatment We will overexpress different splicing forms of HAX-1 in vitro and in vivo to characterize the relationship between HAX-1 and apoptosis gene like caspase, AKT, eNOS or calcium concentration regulator like SERCA2, RYR. (tmu.edu.tw)
These results suggest that early-life stress may mediate cognitive impairment in middle-age ApoE4-TR mice through sustained reduction of GABAergic neurons and Reelin expression, which might further diminish the activation of the Fyn/NMDAR2B signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)

Exquisite control of intracellular calcium dynamics are required, as calcium appears to play a role at multiple cell cycle checkpoints. (wikipedia.org)
Historically, one of the most well characterized roles of intracellular calcium is activation of the ovum after sperm fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
In deuterosome eggs (mammals, fish, amphibians, ascidians, sea urchins, etc.), successful sperm entry leads to a distinct rise in intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+), with mammals and ascidians displaying a series of intracellular calcium spikes required for completion of meiosis. (wikipedia.org)
Activating NMDA Rs is shown to cause excitation and intracellular calcium elevation, and intracellular perfusion with physiological levels of glutamate leads to a VGLUT -dependent autocrine NMDAR activation. (cam.ac.uk)
The encoded protein undergoes rapid tyrosine phosphorylation andactivation in response to increases in the intracellular calcium concentration, nicotinicacetylcholine receptor activation, membrane depolarization, or protein kinase C activation. (bioerc-iend.org)
Therefore, my Aim 1 investigated the upstream mechanism by which 10,12 CLA increases intracellular calcium and inflammatory signaling in human primary adipocytes. (uncg.edu)
The results indicated that phospholipase C plays an important role in 10,12 CLA-mediated activation of intracellular calcium accumulation, inflammatory signaling, delipidation, and insulin resistance in human primary adipocytes. (uncg.edu)
Unlike other protein hormones, its production and secretion are stimulated by decreased intracellular calcium concentrations, which reflect serum calcium concentrations. (medscape.com)

In addition, the neuronal activity, visualized by imaging Calcium signaling in the organoids, also showed a reduction. (ccmb.res.in)
The encodedprotein may represent an important signaling intermediate between neuropeptide-activatedreceptors or neurotransmitters that increase calcium flux and the downstream signals thatregulate neuronal activity. (bioerc-iend.org)

Also, significant discoveries including new embryological molecular genetic transcription factors, the role of active placental mineral transport, and hormone regulation factors have changed the understanding of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the fetus and the newborn. (frontiersin.org)
The research paper, titled "S100A6 is a positive regulator of PPP5C‐FKBP51‐dependent regulation of endothelial calcium signaling" was included in the January 2020 edition. (usahealthsystem.com)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling is known to govern the hypertrophic response through the regulation of ion channel activity and downstream signaling in failing cardiomyocytes. (duke.edu)
Calcium (Ca) is a universal second messenger involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, including electrical signaling, contraction, secretion, memory, gene transcription, and cell death. (escholarship.org)
In this review, we summarize recent findings on nuclear Ca regulation and its downstream signaling in cardiomyocytes. (escholarship.org)
Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence of ST5 involvement in positive regulation of osteoclastogenesis via Src/Syk/calcium signaling. (molcells.org)

Calcium was found to concentrate on condensed DNA to much higher levels compared to normal cytosolic calcium concentration. (wikipedia.org)
In plants, hyperosmolality stimuli triggers opening of the osmosensitive channels, leading to a rapid downstream signaling cascade initiated by cytosolic calcium concentration elevation. (rcsb.org)

How cardiomyocytes decode Ca signal to regulate gene expression without interfering with, or being controlled by, "contractile" Ca that floods the entire cytosol during each heartbeat is still elusive. (escholarship.org)

Calmodulin dependent kinase II was shown to be the protein responsible for converting the Ca2+ influx signal into inhibition of CSF and activation of cyclin degradation machinery to degrade cyclin B, resulting in progression through meiosis II. (wikipedia.org)
Altered membrane events induced selective inhibition of TCR-induced phosphorylation of regulatory P85 subunit of PI3K and AKT as well as abrogated calcium influx. (nature.com)
As a consequence, TCR-induced LAT, PLC-γ, and AKT microcluster formation from aggregation of smaller nanocluster units, PI3K-AKT signaling axis, and calcium influx were potently inhibited by GML treatment. (nature.com)
NMDAR -mediated calcium influx and its downstream signalling depend critically on the dynamics of membrane potential and ambient glutamate concentration. (cam.ac.uk)
We demonstrate that the GTPase Rem2 is regulated at the transcriptional level by calcium influx through L-VGCCs and inhibits dendritic arborization in cultured rat cortical neurons and in the Xenopus laevis tadpole visual system. (jneurosci.org)

We demonstrate here that ILT7 protein associates with the signal adapter protein Fc ε RIγ to form a receptor complex. (rupress.org)
Here, potential mechanisms involving alterations in T-cell receptor expressions, postreceptor downstream signalling, epigenetics, and oxidative stress which favour activation of lupus T cells will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
Polymorphisms of the calcium-sensing receptor associated with small elevations of serum calcium are also associated with cardiovascular disease, suggesting that calcium plays a causative role. (e-enm.org)
Over the last two decades, as scientists have uncovered the array of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) cascades and ion channels that underlie taste signaling, they have also discovered, to their surprise, that the expression of these receptors and channels is not limited to taste buds. (the-scientist.com)
Despite the difference in the qualities detected by the two families of taste receptors, both utilize similar, if not identical, downstream signaling effectors, including the taste receptor-associated G protein a-gustducin, one of the first identified proteins of a GPCR taste transduction cascade. (the-scientist.com)
TRPM5, a taste-signaling transient receptor potential ion-channel, is a ubiquitous signaling component in chemosensory cells," BMC Neurosci , 8:49, 2007. (the-scientist.com)
Hypoparathyroidism results from defective synthesis or secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), end-organ resistance, or inappropriate regulations that result from the activated or antibody-stimulated calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). (medscape.com)
Production and secretion of PTH are regulated by a G protein-coupled calcium-sensing receptor. (medscape.com)
Genetically inherited forms arise from defects of parathyroid gland development, defects in the parathyroid hormone (PTH) gene, defects in the calcium-sensing receptor gene, defects in PTH action, defects in the autoimmune regulator gene, and genetic syndromes. (medscape.com)

Here, CaMKII activates MEK/ERK, which degrades the cell cycle arresting p27 protein In general, transformed cells proliferate in a calcium-independent manner, whereas non-transformed cells show high sensitivity to extra-cellular calcium concentration, suggesting oncogenic growth may include disruption of calcium signaling. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, HDE activates EGFRs and their downstream signaling, and EGFR activation is required for some but not all airway epithelial cell responses to HDE. (cdc.gov)

The major downstream calcium effectors are the calcium-binding calmodulin protein and downstream calmodulin-dependent protein kinases I / II. (wikipedia.org)

A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subtype that occurs as an oligomeric protein comprised of twelve subunits. (curehunter.com)
It differs from other enzyme subtypes in that it lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE. (curehunter.com)
Our previous report showed that FO inhibits HCC cell invasion via AKT-, mitogen-activated protein kinase- (MAPK-), and EMT-related signals [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Exposure of Beas-2B cells to HDE caused EGFR phosphorylation and downstream ERK activation, and both responses were blocked by the EGFR-selective kinase inhibitor AG1478. (cdc.gov)

The calcium-dependent response is transient and limited in its magnitude, implying that negative signaling events may restrict the overall extent of this mode of chloride transport. (nih.gov)

Chloride secretion is stimulated by mechanisms involving increases in either cyclic nucleotide or cytoplasmic calcium concentrations. (nih.gov)
We have uncovered a number of negative signaling mechanisms intrinsic to the epithelium that uncouple increases in calcium from the downstream response of chloride secretion. (nih.gov)
PTH secretion by the parathyroid glands (prime regulators of serum calcium concentration) maintains serum calcium within a strict range. (medscape.com)
PTH secretion is suppressed in the fetus because of high placental transfer of calcium, particularly in the third trimester. (medscape.com)
serum calcium concentrations decrease rapidly, and PTH secretion is triggered. (medscape.com)

KEGG enrichment analysis showed that FO mainly regulates PI3K-AKT- and apoptosis-related signals, in which BBC3, DDIT3, NOXA, and CDKN1A on the surface serve as the novel targets of FO inducing HCC cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)

Evidence points to this signaling cascade as a major mediator of calcium signaling in cell division. (wikipedia.org)
For example, the pancreatic release of insulin in response to glucose is partially mediated by the binding of glucose to sweet-taste receptors on cells of the intestine and subsequent activation of the signaling cascade. (the-scientist.com)

However, how GML treatment affects the full T cell activation response from signaling events to effector functions is not well understood. (nature.com)
MAPK can cause the activation of transcription factors in the nucleus, participate in the process of signal transmission from the cell surface to the nucleus, and regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. (cusabio.com)
To identify the important events downstream of AHR activation that play an actual role in the toxic responses, we employed the zebrafish caudal fin regeneration models since Ahr activation blocks the regenerative process. (refine.bio)
Calcium signaling is known to play a role in NFATc1 activation by promoting its nuclear translocation. (molcells.org)

Passive and active transport of bone-minerals occurs across the placenta to achieve higher fetal concentration of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium compared to maternal levels. (frontiersin.org)

The chemokine signal is transduced by chemokine receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) expressed on the immune cells. (genome.jp)
Phenotypic and functional alterations in lupus T cells including expansion of the Th17 population, perturbations of the physiology of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and postreceptor downstream signalling, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes result in exaggeration of TCR response to stimuli and the propensity of lupus T cells to get activated [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
When the bladder becomes full, the stretch receptors of the detrusor muscle send a signal to the pons, which in turn notifies the brain. (medscape.com)

For example, CRAC channels in T cells have been clinically validated as important drug targets through human mutations and the use of calcineurin inhibitors that act downstream from CRAC channels. (biospace.com)
In addition, we provide a mechanistic basis for the protection conferred to Trpc1(-)(/)(-) mice as mechanosensitive signaling through calcineurin/NFAT, mTOR and Akt is altered in Trpc1(-)(/)(-) mice. (duke.edu)

The possible physiological and pathophysiological significance of such signaling will also be discussed. (nih.gov)

Calcium binds to and regulates the small regulatory protein calmodulin that in turn binds to and regulates several hundred calmodulin binding proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
The small calcium-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) is a primary effector of calcium function and works in turn by binding to and regulating CaM-binding proteins (CaMBPs) [ 53 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The Calcium Hypothesis was thus extended as the Calmodulin Hypothesis since CaM not only binds to and regulates CaMBPs critical to learning and memory but also proteins involved in the formation of amyloid plaques and tangles, hallmarks of AD [ 41 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

On the other hand, α7 nAChR mediates oncogenic signal transduction during cancer development, promotes cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in lung, gastrointestinal, and bladder tissues [35,68]. (researchgate.net)

Calcium acts both to modulate intracellular signaling as a secondary messenger and to facilitate structural changes as cells progress through division. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we have mechanistically examined if GML affects the signaling and functional output of human primary T cells. (nature.com)
Our data reveal that the widely used anti-microbial agent GML also alters the lipid dynamics of human T cells, leading to their defective signaling and function. (nature.com)
Here, we have used low-noise whole-cell patch-clamp recording to investigate the electrophysiology of glutamate signalling in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (PanNET) cells derived from a genetically-engineered mouse model (GEMM) of PanNET, in which NMDAR signalling promotes cancer progression. (cam.ac.uk)
Intracellular Ca 2+ signals of oligodendroglia, the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system, regulate vital cellular processes including myelination. (biorxiv.org)
However, studies on oligodendroglia Ca 2+ signal dynamics are still scarce, especially during myelin repair, and there are no software solutions to properly analyze the unique Ca 2+ signal characteristics in these cells. (biorxiv.org)
Furthermore, Abeta(1-42) remedy dramatically stimulated the discharge of Ca(2+) from inside calcium shops in SH-SY5Y cells, whereas mGLP-1 helped to take care of the intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. (ncbcs.org)

At least three common themes appear to underlie all well-studied neurodegenerative diseases: disruptive protein deposits, calcium dysregulation and neuroinflammation. (biomedcentral.com)

Depleting internal calcium stores inhibits initiation of DNA synthesis. (wikipedia.org)

Left LPM Ablim1 is expressed in the absence of detectable LPM Nodal , clearly revealing existence of a Pitx2 and Nodal -independent left-sided signal in mammals. (biomedcentral.com)

there was a divergence in terms of downstream molecular targets. (ccmb.res.in)

Our lab has demonstrated that 10,12 CLA triggered calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum in human primary adipocytes, which activated downstream inflammatory signaling, resulting in impaired uptake of glucose and fatty acid, and delipidation. (uncg.edu)
Therefore, Aims 2 and Aim 3 determined the extent to which a relative low dose of 10,12 CLA or a CLA isomer mixture increases markers of browning in mice and its dependence in inflammatory signaling. (uncg.edu)
In Aim 3, a relatively low dose of 10,12 CLA reduced body fat and increased browning of WAT in overweight mice, which were independent of inflammatory signaling. (uncg.edu)

The protease not only releases small peptides, such as the amyloid-β peptide, which drives Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, but also intracellular domains, which can have critical functions in nuclear signaling. (cipsm.de)

By stimulating renal 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity, PTH increases serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the active form of vitamin D and, thus, indirectly stimulates calcium and phosphate absorption by the gut through the actions of vitamin D. The phosphaturic effect of PTH offsets the increases of serum phosphate driven by increased bone resorption and GI absorption. (medscape.com)

Simultaneously, we also anticipate that the successfully generated transgenic mice containing floxed allele of HAX-1 cross with other tissue-specific Cre mice and generate non-kidney tissue-specific-knock-out offspring, providing an excellent tool for studying signaling and functional effects in certain tissues or organs excluding the kidney. (tmu.edu.tw)

The bone minerals calcium, phosphate and magnesium are all maintained at higher concentrations in utero to achieve adequate bone accretion. (frontiersin.org)
This discovery provided new insight as to why fetal PTH levels were so low, yet fetal calcium levels were maintained higher than and independent of maternal calcium concentrations. (frontiersin.org)
Fetal blood calcium concentrations are maintained ~0.3-0.5 mmol/L higher than in maternal circulation, with the placenta transporting 100-150 mg/kg/day of calcium during the third trimester ( 4 - 6 ). (frontiersin.org)

This chapter will review emerging information on the details of these negative signaling mechanisms, as well as points of convergence and divergence. (nih.gov)

Further, progression through division requires the presence of calcium (G1/S, G2/M, and metaphase/anaphase), suggesting checkpoints require a calcium-dependent signaling mechanism Entry into S-phase is calcium dependent. (wikipedia.org)
Steroid hormones being essential for the progression of spermatogenesis, the aim of this study was to investigate steroidogenesis and steroid signaling in organotypic cultures. (elifesciences.org)

Higher brain centers then determine whether it is socially acceptable to void and trigger downstream structures to permit or suppress the voiding reflex. (medscape.com)
The pons relays afferent information from the bladder to higher brain centers, which in turn communicate with the periaqueductal gray matter, a relay station that collects higher brain center intput and processes this in order to signal the PMC to trigger or suppress the voiding reflex. (medscape.com)

These associations may be partially mediated by other cardiovascular risk factors such as circulating lipid levels, blood pressure, and body mass index, but there appears to be a residual independent effect of serum calcium. (e-enm.org)
The net effects of PTH activity are an increase in serum calcium and a decrease in serum phosphate. (medscape.com)

This article will guide clinicians through an updated review of calcium and phosphate physiology, then review specific conditions pertinent to successful neonatal care. (frontiersin.org)
4. A thorough understanding of the topic is essential to correct diagnosis and treatment of disorders of calcium and phosphate in the newborn. (frontiersin.org)
PTH acts directly on bone to stimulate bone resorption and cause calcium and phosphate release. (medscape.com)
PTH acts directly on the kidney to decrease calcium clearance and to inhibit phosphate reabsorption. (medscape.com)
Calcium and phosphate release from bone is impaired, calcium absorption from the gut is limited, calciuria develops despite hypocalcemia, and retention of phosphate from the urine causes increased plasma phosphate levels. (medscape.com)

In conclusion, this study reports the failure of adult Leydig cell development and altered steroid production and signaling in tissue cultures. (elifesciences.org)
Crosstalk between AHR and Wnt signaling through R-Spondin1 impairs tissue regeneration in zebrafish. (refine.bio)

Calcium plays a crucial role in regulating the events of cellular division. (wikipedia.org)
Early and continued research first revealed the importance of dysregulated calcium levels in the events of AD leading to the Calcium Hypothesis [ 31 , 32 , 48 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Calcium dysregulation is also common to other neurodegenerative events [ 27 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Trials of calcium supplements in patients on dialysis and those with less severe renal failure demonstrate increased mortality and/or acceleration of vascular disease, and meta-analyses of trials in those without overt renal disease suggest a similar adverse effect. (e-enm.org)
Observational studies of dietary calcium do not demonstrate a consistent adverse effect on cardiovascular health, though very high or very low intakes may be deleterious. (e-enm.org)

New imaging modalities - including endoscopic and multiphoton calcium imaging, and single and multiphoton voltage imaging, among others - have granted unprecedented access to the activity of large neuronal populations with high temporal resolution. (simonsfoundation.org)

The signal transmitted by the brain is routed through 2 intermediate segments (the brainstem and the sacral spinal cord) prior to reaching the bladder. (medscape.com)

CRAC channels control the entry of calcium into immune and other cell types, and calcium is an important intracellular signaling molecule that modulates cytokine production and the immune response. (biospace.com)

Anatomy28

Organisms10

Diseases17

Chemicals and Drugs142

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science2

Health Care2

Pathways22

Pathway18

Intracellular calcium8

Neuronal activity2

Regulation6

Cytosolic calcium concentration2

Cardiomyocytes1

Influx5

Receptor9

Activates2

Effectors1

Kinase4

Transient1

Secretion5

PI3K-AKT1

Cascade2

Activation4

Concentration1

Receptors3

Calcineurin2

Physiological1

Calmodulin3

Proliferation1

Cells7

Underlie1

Inhibits1

Mammals1

Targets1

Inflammatory3

Nuclear1

Increases1

Mice1

Concentrations3

Mechanisms1

Progression2

Trigger2

Serum calcium2

Phosphate5

Tissue2

Events3

Demonstrate2

Activity1

Intermediate1

Response1