Double strand dna. Medical search. Frequent questions

Double-stranded uracil-DNA glycosylase (EC 3.2.2.28, Mug, double-strand uracil-DNA glycosylase, Dug, dsUDG, double-stranded DNA specific UDG, dsDNA specific UDG, UdgB, G:T/U mismatch-specific DNA glycosylase, UDG) is an enzyme with systematic name uracil-double-stranded DNA deoxyribohydrolase (uracil-releasing). (wikipedia.org)
The immunochemical specificity of the immunofluorescent Crithidia luciliae method for detection of antibodies to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was confirmed by demonstrating abolition of staining by DNase digestion and by absorption with dsDNA. (nih.gov)
Approximately 60-70% of SLE patients have antibodies to dsDNA, and there is considerable evidence to implicate immune complexes containing anti-dsDNA and DNA in the pathogenesis of SLE (3,4). (calbiotech.com)
There are two kinds of DNAs, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). (biomedcentral.com)
While DSBs involve in binding to particular dsDNA sequences, to modulate the process of transcription, to cleave DNA molecules, or to be involved in chromosome packaging and transcription in the cell nucleus, etc. (biomedcentral.com)
This test measures the amount of antibody to double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA) that may be present in the blood. (pathologytestsexplained.org.au)
The double stranded DNA Ab (dsDNA Ab) test is used in support of a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and distinguishes it from other autoimmune disorders. (pathologytestsexplained.org.au)
Human anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA IgA) ELISA Kit - 96 wells plate - 1 kit is backordered and will ship as soon as it is back in stock. (karlan.com)
Both antibodies to double-stranded DNA (anti- dsDNA) and sVCAM-1 were relatively good markers of disease activity and could help to predict remission or monitor the therapeutic response in SLE. (who.int)
Les anticorps anti-ADN double brin (anti-dsDNA) ainsi que les sVCAM-1 se sont avérés être de bons marqueurs d'activité de la maladie contribuant à prévoir une rémission ou à surveiller la réponse thérapeutique du lupus érythémateux disséminé. (who.int)

We performed more than 175 edits in human cells, including targeted insertions, deletions, and all 12 types of point mutation, without requiring double-strand breaks or donor DNA templates. (nature.com)
Kosicki, M., Tomberg, K. & Bradley, A. Repair of double-strand breaks induced by CRISPR-Cas9 leads to large deletions and complex rearrangements. (nature.com)
DNA double strand breaks are regarded as one of the primary causes of cancer," says Kusch. (sciencedaily.com)
While there are natural mechanisms within an organism to detect and repair these breaks, factors involved in DNA damage repair must first bypass histones. (sciencedaily.com)
Multiprotein complexes are able to modify or mobilize histones to overcome the obstacle imposed by histones, and it has long been assumed that such complexes must act in concert with DNA repair enzymes at sites of DNA double-strand breaks. (sciencedaily.com)
It was unclear, however, which types of histone-modifying complexes do this job, how they target sites of DNA double-strand breaks, or how they remodel histones to assist DNA repair. (sciencedaily.com)
The complex acting in this process turned out to be identical to an already identified human complex that contained a number of candidate tumor suppressors including a specialized histone variant called H2A.X/v. H2A.X/v itself becomes phosphorylated by a DNA damage- recognizing factor in the proximity of DNA double-strand breaks. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers find that temporary double-stranded DNA breaks commonly result from normal neuron activation-but expression of an Alzheimer's-linked protein increases the damage. (the-scientist.com)
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) have detrimental effects on cell survival and genomic stability, and are related to cancer and other human diseases. (elifesciences.org)
The most deleterious DNA damages are double-strand breaks (DSBs), and a single unrepaired DSB can lead to cell death. (utexas.edu)
While these DNA transactions are essential for human fertility and the development of the immune system, misrepaired or unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can lead to chromosome rearrangements or cell death. (columbia.edu)
In U87 and U251 cells, TMZ (200 μM) induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), which was accompanied by BNIP3-mediated mitophagy and FOXO3a accumulation in nucleus. (chinaphar.com)
These results demonstrate that FOXO3a attenuates temozolomide-induced DNA double strand breaks in human glioma cells via promoting BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. (chinaphar.com)
The Cell article is titled "Activity-Induced DNA Breaks Govern the Expression of Neuronal Early-Response Genes. (bioquicknews.com)
When we are young, our brains create DNA breaks as we learn new things, but our cells are absolutely on top of this and can quickly repair the damage to maintain the functionality of the system," Dr. Tsai says. (bioquicknews.com)
Double-strand breaks ( DSB ) in DNA are among the most dangerous types of DNA damage occuring within cells. (cellbiolabs.com)
One of the earliest cellular responses to double-strand breaks is the phosphorylation of a histone variant, H2AX , at the sites of DNA damage. (cellbiolabs.com)
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are deleterious lesions that are generated in response to ionizing radiation or replication fork collapse that can lead to genomic instability and cancer. (preprints.org)
There are two main mechanisms for repairing double strand breaks: homologous recombination and classical nonhomologous end joining. (news-medical.net)
Studies have also found that double strand breaks can be repaired through alternative mechanisms such as single-stranded annealing and alternative joining during certain conditions. (news-medical.net)
Alternative joining has an undefined mechanism for repairing double strand breaks but is known to risk genomic integrity by joining end breaks on different chromosomes. (news-medical.net)
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) trigger ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) signalling and elicit genomic rearrangements and chromosomal fragmentation if misrepaired or unrepaired. (birmingham.ac.uk)
XRCC4-like factor (XLF)-also known as Cernunnos-has recently been shown to be involved in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), which is the main pathway for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in mammalian cells. (arizona.edu)
Logic and necessities in the repair of DNA double strand breaks in higher eukaryotes. (oncoray.de)
89Zr-PET imaging of DNA double-strand breaks for the early monitoring of response following α- and β-particle radioimmunotherapy in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. (ox.ac.uk)
The phosphorylated histone γH2AX produced as a response to DNA double strand breaks was quantified with the PET radiotracer, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-anti-γH2AX-TAT. (ox.ac.uk)
The kinetics of repair of oxidative DNA damage (strand breaks and oxidised pyrimidines) in human cells. (harvard.edu)
This damage takes the form of single-strand breaks (SSB), much less abundant double-strand breaks (DSB), alkali-labile sites, and various species of oxidised purines and pyrimidines (van Sonntag, 1987). (harvard.edu)
DNA breaks in living cells are fairly easily measured, and the time course of their repair has been studied. (harvard.edu)
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are mostly repaired by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) in higher eukaryotes. (iisc.ac.in)
Since then, extensive research has shown that this special feature relies on specialized proteins and structural properties that confer identity to the chromosome ends, thus allowing cells to distinguish them from intrachromosomal DNA double-strand breaks. (unimib.it)
We hypothesized that this radiosensitization is caused by castration-mediated down-regulation of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we show that hSSB1 is recruited rapidly to sites of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) in all interphase cells (G1, S and G2) independently of, CtIP, MDC1 and the MRN complex (Rad50, Mre11, NBS1). (st-andrews.ac.uk)
Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)
A DNA-binding protein that mediates DNA REPAIR of double strand breaks, and HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION. (bvsalud.org)
All regions were scored for anaplastic features and immunohistochemistry was used to quantify p53 expression, proliferation index (Ki67), and DNA double-strand breaks (γH2AX). (lu.se)
Proliferation index and the frequency of DNA double-strand breaks (γH2AX dot expression) increased with higher anaplasia scores. (lu.se)
In conclusion, we suggest that chemoresistance of DA WTs may be partly explained by a high proliferative capability of anaplastic cells, which also have a high burden of double-stranded DNA breaks and CNAs, and that there is a gradual emergence of anaplasia in WT. (lu.se)

Kif2C knockdown or knockout led to accumulation of endogenous DNA damage, DNA damage hypersensitivity, and reduced DSB repair via both NHEJ and HR. Interestingly, Kif2C depletion, or inhibition of its microtubule depolymerase activity, reduced the mobility of DSBs, impaired the formation of DNA damage foci, and decreased the occurrence of foci fusion and resolution. (elifesciences.org)
If NHEJ fails, DSBs may be nucleolytically cleaved to generate 3' single-stranded DNA overhangs via a process called end resection. (columbia.edu)
DNA movements can lead to the clustering of DSBs into a common repair focus. (columbia.edu)
TMZ treatment induced intracellular ROS accumulation in U87 and U251 cells via enhancing mitochondrial superoxide, which not only contributed to DNA DSBs and exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction, but also upregulated FOXO3a expression. (chinaphar.com)
Knockdown of FOXO3a aggravated TMZ-induced DNA DSBs and mitochondrial damage, as well as glioma cell death. (chinaphar.com)
The OxiSelect™ DNA Double-Strand Break Staining Kit provides an easy-to-use method for detecting the presence of DSBs in cells cultured in microtiter plates. (cellbiolabs.com)
DNA binding proteins can be classified into double-stranded DNA binding proteins (DSBs) and single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs), and they take part in different biological functions. (biomedcentral.com)
DSBs usually act as transcriptional factors to regulate the genes' expressions, while SSBs usually play roles in DNA replication, recombination, and repair, etc. (biomedcentral.com)
Accordingly, the DNA binding proteins usually consist of single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) and double-stranded DNA-binding proteins (DSBs). (biomedcentral.com)
The effect of MILIP knockdown was associated with the accumulation of DNA DSBs in neuroblastoma cells largely due to decreased activity of the NHEJ DNA repair pathway. (bvsalud.org)
Disrupting the interaction between MILIP and Ku70 or Ku80 increased DNA DSBs and reduced cell viability with therapeutic potential revealed where targeting MILIP using Gapmers cooperated with the DNA -damaging drug cisplatin to inhibit neuroblastoma growth in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
The findings indicate that hydroquinone induces DSBs and induction correlates with elevated levels of DNA-PKcs and NHEJ. (cdc.gov)

In human cells, there exist two canonical pathways of DSB repair: Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) and Homologous Recombination (HR). Two protein complexes that rapidly bind DNA ends coordinate these separate pathways: the Ku70-Ku80 heterodimer (Ku) and the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex (MRN), respectively. (utexas.edu)
The resected DNA strands are poor substrates for NHEJ and instead search for homology in the genome to resynthesize the sequence surrounding the break site. (columbia.edu)
Here we examine non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) as the primary conserved DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair process in human cells. (escholarship.org)
Upon binding two DNA ends, auto-phosphorylation opens DNA-PKcs dimer licensing NHEJ via concerted conformational transformations of XLF-XRCC4, XLF-Ku80, and LigIV BRCT -Ku70 interfaces. (escholarship.org)
Whereas the roles of protein-DNA interactions in HR and NHEJ have been fairly well defined, the functions of small and long non-coding RNAs and RNA-DNA hybrids in the DNA damage response is just beginning to be elucidated. (preprints.org)
Here, we show that N-Myc transcriptionally activates the long noncoding RNA MILIP to promote nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair through facilitating Ku70-Ku80 heterodimerization in neuroblastoma cells . (bvsalud.org)
Mechanistical investigations revealed that binding of MILIP to Ku70 and Ku80 increased their heterodimerization, and this was required for MILIP-mediated promotion of NHEJ DNA repair . (bvsalud.org)
Collectively, our findings identify MILIP as an N-Myc downstream effector critical for activation of the NHEJ DNA repair pathway in neuroblastoma cells , with practical implications of MILIP targeting, alone and in combination with DNA -damaging therapeutics , for neuroblastoma treatment . (bvsalud.org)
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNAPKcs) regulates non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair. (cdc.gov)
Since NHEJ is error-prone, induction of DNA-PKcs and NHEJ may contribute to mutagenesis and leukemia by benzene. (cdc.gov)

In contrast, MRN along with the long-range nuclease Exo1 and helicase BLM digests the DNA to create long 3' single-stranded DNA overhangs, which are rapidly bound by the single-stranded DNA binding protein RPA. (utexas.edu)

DNA repair can be divided into a set of mechanisms that identify and correct damage in DNA molecules. (news-medical.net)
DNA replication involves producing new copies of DNA molecules. (answers.com)
After a molecule of DNA replicates, two double-stranded molecules are formed. (answers.com)
An increase within the absorbtion of ultraviolet mild with the aid of an answer of DNA as those molecules are subjected to heat, alkaline conditions, etc. (editorialelduende.com)
Their genomes consist of two molecules of positive sense single stranded RNA with a 5′ cap and 3′ polyadenylated tail. (biologydiscussion.com)
We can generate high resolution images using DNA paint-fluorescent strands of DNA used as tags for microscopy-because we are measuring the binding and unbinding of DNA to individual molecules. (azolifesciences.com)
One of the most significant current discussions in Cu biochemistry relates to the mechanisms of the positive and negative actions of Cu ions based on the generation of reactive oxygen species, including radicals that can interact with DNA molecules. (mdpi.com)

Histones are proteins that condense DNA and protect it from mechanical and other stresses, but also make DNA rather inaccessible. (sciencedaily.com)
In this study, we identified microtubule-depolymerizing kinesin Kif2C as a protein associated with DSB-mimicking DNA templates and known DSB repair proteins in Xenopus egg extracts and mammalian cells. (elifesciences.org)
Experimental results on 10-fold cross validation indicate that the new feature set are effective to describe DNA binding proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
The evaluation results on both bound (DNA-bound) and non-bound (DNA-free) proteins have shown the satisfactory performance of our method. (biomedcentral.com)
The ADNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) comprises a complex between these three proteins, but the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the complex participates in DNA rejoining pathways is not known, and the precise role of the kinase activity of this complex is not known. (grantome.com)
Based on the current evidenc the principal investigator proposes that DNA-PK functions by binding to the ends of broken DNA and mediates the subsequent steps of DNA rejoining through the phosphorylation of proteins that colocalize with the complex on the DNA ends, including the Ku complex. (grantome.com)
To do this they will express various mutant versions of the three proteins in cells with defined genetic backgrounds that lack the Ku70, the Ku80 or the DNA-PKcs functions. (grantome.com)
This idea was very unpopular at first as it contradicted the central dogma of molecular biology which states that DNA is transcribed into RNA which is then translated into proteins. (biologydiscussion.com)
Here we highlight some of the latest evidence where DNA-PKcs has been shown to localize not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm, phosphorylating various proteins involved in cellular metabolism and cytokine production. (molcells.org)
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), encoded by PRKDC gene, is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family, which also includes the two DNA damage repair proteins, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related protein (ATR). (molcells.org)
Two Ets proteins, PU.1 and elf-1, that have previously been shown to bind to an adjacent DNA element were shown to physically interact with CArG- box binding factor.A. An antiserum raised against the protein recognized two different forms indicating either that different splice-forms of. (lu.se)

In the long-range synaptic complex, X-ray repair cross-complementing 4 (XRCC4) plus XRCC4-like-factor (XLF) form a flexible bridge and linchpin for DNA ends bound to KU heterodimer (Ku70/80) and DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit). (escholarship.org)
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase related kinase family is a well-known player in repairing DNA double strand break through non-homologous end joining pathway. (molcells.org)
Gene expression in benzene-exposed workers by microarray analysis of peripheral mononuclear blood cells: induction and silencing of CYP4F3A and regulation of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit in DNA double strand break repair. (cdc.gov)

These findings answer fundamental questions about DNA double-strand break repair," says Robb Krumlauf, Ph.D., Scientific Director of the Stowers Institute. (sciencedaily.com)
X-ray scattering reveals disordered linkers and dynamic interfaces in complexes and mechanisms for DNA double-strand break repair impacting cell and cancer biology. (escholarship.org)
In contrast, HR-mediated DSB repair is the major double-strand break repair pathway in lower order organisms such as bacteria and yeast. (iisc.ac.in)
Castration radiosensitizes prostate cancer tissue by impairing DNA double-strand break repair. (ox.ac.uk)
A new bioluminescent reporter that tracks DNA double stranded break repair in cells has been developed by researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital and the Academia Sinica in Taiwan. (news-medical.net)
The N-Myc-responsive lncRNA MILIP promotes DNA double-strand break repair through non-homologous end joining. (bvsalud.org)

The enzymes remove the damaged base forming an AP site which is repaired by AP endonuclease before the nucleotide gap in the DNA strand is filled by DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)

DNA damage is ubiquitous to all organisms and very complex pathways have evolved to recognize and repair these lesions. (utexas.edu)
However, tumor cells can tolerate otherwise lethal levels of DNA damage by exploiting DNA repair pathways. (columbia.edu)
There are an enormous number of pathways through which two fully dissociated strands can bind to each other. (azolifesciences.com)
This review focuses on the key experiments that have been performed in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae to uncover the mechanisms that protect the chromosome ends from eliciting a DNA damage response, the conservation of these pathways in mammals, as well as the consequences of their loss in human cancer. (unimib.it)

The use of plasmid DNA in ELISA is an effective method for the detection of anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibodies (1). (calbiotech.com)

The process involves the recognition of damage which is then cleaved on both sides by endonucleases before resynthesis by DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
The third excision mechanism is called mismatch repair and occurs when mismatched bases are incorporated into the DNA strand during replication and are not removed by proofreading DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
Similar to DNA polymerase it requires a primer. (biologydiscussion.com)
1. RNA-directed DNA polymerase, hence called RT. (biologydiscussion.com)
3. DNA-directed DNA polymerase. (biologydiscussion.com)
The interface of the 66 kDa and 51 kDa monomers provides a track from the polymerase active site to the RNaseH active site, and allow for the concomitant destruction of the RNA primer template strand directly after it has been copied (Fig. 13.15). (biologydiscussion.com)
In a complex of RT with a double stranded DNA molecule, the DNA close to the polymerase active site is in the A-form, while the rest is in the normal B-form. (biologydiscussion.com)
During PCR testing, Taq polymerase and DNA primers complementary to a unique sequence of target DNA were used to greatly amplify that region if the target was present in the sample. (cdc.gov)

Reverse transcription is the process of making a double stranded DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule from a single stranded RNA (ribonucleic acid) template. (biologydiscussion.com)

A new tool called PRISM draws on virus-host interactions and a DNA repair pathway to help researchers visualize how cellular stress may contribute to neurodegenerative disease. (the-scientist.com)

Severing the DNA double helix is a requisite step in the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes in meiosis and between immunoglobulin domains during the generation of immune-receptor diversity. (columbia.edu)
Excision is the general mechanism by which repairs are made when one of the double helix strands is damaged. (news-medical.net)
While the complementary strands meet, they totally reconstitute the double helix. (editorialelduende.com)
Most of us have heard of the double helix. (bigthink.com)
But quadruple helix DNA? (bigthink.com)

Phosphorylation of this serine residue causes chromatin condensation and appears to play a critical role in the recruitment of repair or damage-signaling factors to the DNA damage sites. (cellbiolabs.com)

Fig. 2: Prime editing of genomic DNA in human cells by PE1 and PE2. (nature.com)
Interestingly, in yeast and mammalian cells, DNA motion is increased following DSB generation. (columbia.edu)
Each time we learn something new, our brain cells break their DNA, creating damage that the neurons must immediately repair, according to Dr. Li-Huei Tsai, the Picower Professor of Neuroscience and Director of the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at MIT. (bioquicknews.com)
Cells physiologically break their DNA to allow certain important genes to be expressed," Dr. Tsai says. (bioquicknews.com)
However, as we age, our cells' ability to repair this DNA damage weakens, leading to degeneration, Dr. Tsai says. (bioquicknews.com)
DNA Double-Strand Break Formation in A549 Cells. (cellbiolabs.com)
While it is an exciting time to unveil novel functions of DNA-PKcs, one should carefully choose experimental models to study DNA-PKcs as the experimental evidence has been shown to differ between cells of defective DNA-PKcs and those of DNA-PKcs knockout. (molcells.org)
Moreover, while there are several DNA-PK inhibitors currently being evaluated in the clinical trials in attempt to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy or chemotherapy, multiple functions and subcellular localization of DNA-PKcs in various types of cells may further complicate the effects at the cellular and organismal level. (molcells.org)
have reported that increased DNA-PKcs activity can suppress HR repair in G1 phase of cells through increasing RBX1 protein expression, which prompts the neddylation and activity of cullin 1, a key component of the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box ubiquitin 3 ligase, consequently mediating ubiquitination and degradation of EXO1. (molcells.org)
Frankenberg-Schwager, M. (1989) Review of repair kinetics for DNA damage induced in eukaryotic cells in vitro by ionizing radiation, Radiother. (harvard.edu)
Due to the inability of conventional DNA replication to fully replicate the chromosome ends and the downregulation of telomerase in most somatic human tissues, telomeres shorten as cells divide and lose this protective capacity. (unimib.it)
Telomere attrition causes the activation of the DNA damage checkpoint that leads to a cell-cycle arrest and the entering of cells into a nondividing state, called replicative senescence, that acts as a barrier against tumorigenesis. (unimib.it)
The protooncoprotein N-Myc, which is overexpressed in approximately 25% of neuroblastomas as the consequence of MYCN gene amplification , has long been postulated to regulate DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in neuroblastoma cells , but experimental evidence of this function is presently scant. (bvsalud.org)
Knockdown of MILIP reduced neuroblastoma cell viability through the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation, retarded neuroblastoma xenograft growth , and sensitized neuroblastoma cells to DNA -damaging therapeutics . (bvsalud.org)
DNA-PKcs mRNA was found consistently increased in the patients and DNA-PKcs mRNA and protein were induced by hydroquinone in HL-60 cells. (cdc.gov)
We hypothesized that DA WT cells might undergo changes, such as acquiring a persistent tolerance to DNA damage and copy number aberrations (CNAs), which could eventually lead to their resistance to chemotherapy treatment. (lu.se)

2. Complementary DNA then binds to the U5 (non-coding region) and R region (a direct repeat found at both ends of the RNA molecule) of the viral RNA. (biologydiscussion.com)
4. The primer then 'jumps' to the 3′ end of the viral genome and the newly synthesized DNA strands hybridizes to the complementary R region on the RNA. (biologydiscussion.com)
5. The first strand of complementary DNA (cDNA) is extended and the majority of viral RNA is degraded by RNAse H. (biologydiscussion.com)
7. There is then another 'jump' where the PBS from the second strand hybridizes with the complementary PBS on the first strand. (biologydiscussion.com)

SSB binds with ssDNA with high affinity and low specificity, and is mainly involved in DNA replication, recombination and repair. (biomedcentral.com)
hSSB1 is a newly discovered single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein that is essential for efficient DNA double-strand break signalling through ATM. (st-andrews.ac.uk)

A new genetic sensor called PRISM makes use of a host cell's DNA replication machinery to trigger fluorescence in neurons with damaged DNA. (the-scientist.com)
Damage to DNA is caused by the incorporation of incorrect nucleotide bases during DNA replication and the chemical changes caused by spontaneous mutation or exposure to environmental factors such as radiation. (news-medical.net)

Homologous recombination involves the exchange of nucleotide sequences to repair damaged bases on both strands of DNA through the utilization of a sister chromatid. (news-medical.net)

How many individual DNA strands exist after one molecule of DNA has been replicated? (answers.com)
You can calculate the T m of any DNA molecule if you recognize the bottom composition. (editorialelduende.com)
It's because DNA is a polyanionic molecule. (editorialelduende.com)
Nanoscientists and theoretical physicists from UNSW Medicine & Health's EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science collaborated to decipher the intricate mechanics of determining how quickly two matched strands of DNA may completely come together-or hybridize-to generate double-stranded DNA. (azolifesciences.com)

Classical nonhomologous end joining connects the break ends without a homologous template through the use of short DNA sequences called microhomologies. (news-medical.net)
Ectopic recruitment of 53BP1-T1609A/S1618A to mitotic DNA lesions was associated with significant mitotic defects that could bereversed by inhibiting nonhomologous end-joining. (ewha.ac.kr)

Genotoxicity was assessed by the ability of the CNT/F to induce inflammation, oxidative stress, micronuclei formation, and DNA double-strand breakage. (cdc.gov)

Excluding 53BP1 from chromatin is required to attenuate the DNA damage response during mitosis, yet the functional relevance and regulation of this exclusion are unclear. (ewha.ac.kr)

Next, Rad51 replaces RPA and facilitates strand exchange into a homologous chromosome to resynthesize the missing information in a largely error-free way. (utexas.edu)

Single-stranded annealing provides end joining between interspersed nucleotide repeats within the genome leading to one copy of the repeat and the intervening sequence being deleted in the process. (news-medical.net)
This may be accomplished in a variety of methods, including changing the reaction temperature, DNA sequence, and solution ionic strength. (azolifesciences.com)
This greatly enhanced the sensitivity of assays used to detect that specific sequence of DNA. (cdc.gov)
We find that SpCas9 tolerates mismatches between guide RNA and target DNA at different positions in a sequence-dependent manner, sensitive to the number, position and distribution of mismatches. (cdc.gov)

This enzyme catalyses a specific chemical reaction: it hydrolyses mismatched double-stranded DNA and polynucleotides, releasing free uracil. (wikipedia.org)
Like other DNA and RNA polymerases, RT synthesizes polynucleotides in the 5′ to 3′ direction. (biologydiscussion.com)

Protein-DNA interactions are essential for many biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Double-stranded DNA absorbs less strongly than denatured DNA due to the stacking interactions among the bases. (editorialelduende.com)
A theory offered around 50 years ago stated that the first contact that leads to continued bonding of the string of matching bases on the DNA strands-termed nucleating interactions-determines how rapidly DNA strands hybridize. (azolifesciences.com)
2022) The stability and number of nucleating interactions determine DNA hybridization rates in the absence of secondary structure. (azolifesciences.com)

Here we describe prime editing, a versatile and precise genome editing method that directly writes new genetic information into a specified DNA site using a catalytically impaired Cas9 endonuclease fused to an engineered reverse transcriptase, programmed with a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) that both specifies the target site and encodes the desired edit. (nature.com)
DNA encodes the cell genome and is therefore a permanent copy of a structure necessary for the correct functioning of a cell. (news-medical.net)
Once the viruses have entered the cell and been uncoated the genome is reverse transcribed into double stranded DNA which can be incorporated into the host cell and subsequently expressed. (biologydiscussion.com)
8. Both strands are extended further and can be incorporated into the host's genome by the enzyme integrase. (biologydiscussion.com)
DNA duplex so generated directs the remainder of the viral infection process (immediate lysis or integrate in to host genome and remains dormant) (Fig. 13.14). (biologydiscussion.com)

Analysis of DNA double-strand break response and chromatin structure i" by Veronica Gomez-Godinez, Tao Wu et al. (wustl.edu)
Veronica Gomez-Godinez, * Tao Wu, * Adria J. Sherman, * Christopher S. Lee, * Lih-Huei Liaw, * You Zhongsheng, * Kyoko Yokomori, * and Michael W. Berns Analysis of DNA double-strand break response and chromatin structure in mitosis using laser microirradiation Nucl. (wustl.edu)

When α-PRIT resulted in prolonged overall survival of treated animals (107.5 days) as compared to β-PRIT (73.0 days), no evidence of difference in [89Zr]Zr-DFO-anti-γH2AX-TAT uptake at the tumor site was observed, highlighting that DNA damage is not the sole radiobiology paradigm and that off-targeted (bystander) effects should be considered. (ox.ac.uk)

Methylation of guanine bases produces a change in the structure of DNA by forming a product that is complimentary to thymine rather than cytosine. (news-medical.net)
Nucleotide excision repair is a widespread mechanism for repairing damage to DNA and recognizes multiple damaged bases. (news-medical.net)
When a double stranded DNA is denatured , the stacked bases smash apart and hence becomes much less stable. (editorialelduende.com)
The purine and pyrimidine bases in DNA strongly absorb ultraviolet light. (editorialelduende.com)
Low pH (less than pH 1): both RNA and DNA hydrolyze (phosphodiester bonds wreck and the bases wreck off). (editorialelduende.com)
Of their native state, the bases of DNA take up gentle in the 260-nm wavelength region. (editorialelduende.com)

Changes to the structure of DNA can cause mutations and genomic instability, leading to cancer. (news-medical.net)
The repair of damage to both DNA strands is particularly important in maintaining genomic integrity. (news-medical.net)

The capacity to forecast or regulate the pace of DNA hybridization might potentially aid in the refinement or expansion of nanotechnologies' applicability. (azolifesciences.com)
With this new insight, researchers can regulate the pace of DNA binding by adjusting the quantity and stability of nucleation contacts. (azolifesciences.com)

A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. (nature.com)

Previous studies demonstrate that DNA-PK assembles on the ends of DNA strands, in vitro, but this has not yet been shown to occur in vivo. (grantome.com)
The properties of the DNA-PK complex have been well studied in vitro, but the principal investigator proposes to take these into in vivo studies. (grantome.com)
To our knowledge, the study demonstrated for the first time that benzene and metabolites induce CYP4F3A and DNA-PKcs both in vivo and in vitro. (cdc.gov)

I summarize all of these findings in Chapter 3 and discuss their implications for DNA repair, translocation formation, and clinical applications. (columbia.edu)

The DNA denaturation procedure is reversible below managed stipulations of pH and ionic strength. (editorialelduende.com)
The DNA denaturation approach is reversible under managed stipulations of pH and ionic strength. (editorialelduende.com)

Thomas Kusch, Ph.D., a Senior Research Associate at the Stowers Institute working with Investigator Jerry Workman, Ph.D., has identified a histone-modifying complex from Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies), which facilitates DNA double-strand repair by locally increasing DNA accessibility at sites of damage. (sciencedaily.com)
It then modifies the phospho-histone by acetylating it, which facilitates its removal from DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
When the current methods rely on invasive protocols that evaluate the expression of DNA damage markers on patient biopsy samples, we aim to evaluate a non-invasive PET imaging approach to monitor the early expression of the phosphorylated histone γH2AX in the context of pancreatic cancer targeted radionuclide therapy. (ox.ac.uk)

P.69 left column:'DNA suffers oxidative damage from free radicals generated by ionising radiation as well as from reactive oxygen species such as those inevitably arising in respiration. (harvard.edu)

This finding raised the possibility that the complex, which was called the dTip60 complex, might specifically be attracted by phospho-H2A.X/v, and thus targeted to sites of DNA damage. (sciencedaily.com)

A protein interacting with an A-T-rich region that is a positive control element within the SP6 κ promoter was purified and identified as CArG-box binding factor-A. The purified protein was shown to interact specifically with the coding strand of single-stranded DNA and, with lower affinity, with double-stranded DNA. (lu.se)

UV light induces the formation of pyrimidine dimers which can distort the DNA chain structure, blocking transcription beyond the area of damage. (news-medical.net)

The non-defective strand is used as a template with the damaged DNA on the other strand removed and replaced by the synthesis of new nucleotides. (news-medical.net)
6. Once the strand is completed, second strand synthesis is initiated from the viral RNA. (biologydiscussion.com)
3′ end of the tRNA is base- paired with the viral template at the site where DNA synthesis initiates and its free 3′-OH accepts the deoxynucleotides. (biologydiscussion.com)
The 51 kDa monomer may also provide a binding site for the lysine-tRNA that primes initial DNA synthesis. (biologydiscussion.com)

Anatomy13

Organisms13

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes96

Information Science3

Health Care3

DsDNA10

Breaks38

DSBs12

NHEJ10

Single-stranded DNA overhangs1

Molecules7

Proteins11

Protein kinase catalytic3

Break repair6

Enzymes1

Pathways4

Anti-double-stranded1

Polymerase8

Deoxyribonucleic acid1

Pathway1

Helix5

Phosphorylation1

Cells16

Complementary4

SsDNA2

Replication2

Sister chromatid1

Molecule4

Nonhomologous2

Oxidative stress1

Regulation1

Homologous1

Sequence4

Polynucleotides2

Interactions4

Genome5

Chromatin2

Tumor1

Bases6

Genomic2

Regulate2

Endonuclease1

Vitro3

Implications1

Ionic strength2

Histone3

Reactive oxygen1

Sites of DNA damage1

Affinity1

Pyrimidine1

Synthesis4