DiseasesChemicals and DrugsInformation Science
CarbidopaLevodopaAntiparkinson AgentsDihydroxyphenylalanineParaganglioma, Extra-AdrenalDopa DecarboxylaseBenserazideBenzophenonesDysautonomia, FamilialParkinson DiseaseAromatic-L-Amino-Acid DecarboxylasesTrihexyphenidylCatecholsDopamine AgentsCatechol O-MethyltransferaseEncyclopedias as Topic
Parkinson'sEntacaponeSinemetVersus immediate-release carbidopa-levodopaReduces the amount of levodopaLarge doses of levodopaDecarboxylase InhibitorsAromatic amino acid decarboxPrevent the breakdown of levodopaFormulationDecarboxylationDosageMedicationDrugsCombinationPeripheralFormulationsHigher dosesTabletDopamine agonistsMedicationsSymptomsRytaryRestless legs synNauseaInfusionTabletsCompulsiveAdverseEquivalentDopaminergicIncreasesCapsuleTremorsDyskinesiasLevodopa doseImpairmentTherapeutic response2023Immediate-releaseDrugSingle-doseDailyDiscontinueParkinsonian featuresTreatmentLast dose
Parkinson's27
  • Stalevo is a combination of carbidopa, levodopa, and entacapone for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (rxlist.com)
  • The combination of levodopa and carbidopa is used to treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's-like symptoms that may develop after encephalitis (swelling of the brain) or injury to the nervous system caused by carbon monoxide poisoning or manganese poisoning. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Entacapone together with levodopa and carbidopa allows levodopa to have a longer effect in the brain and reduces Parkinson's disease signs and symptoms for a greater length of time than levodopa and carbidopa therapy alone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Entacapone is used in addition to levodopa and carbidopa for people with Parkinson's disease to treat the signs and symptoms of end-of-dose "wearing-off. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wearing-off" is characterized by the re-appearance of both motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease occurring towards the end of a previous levodopa and carbidopa dose. (wikipedia.org)
  • This drug may cause or worsen dyskinesia for people with Parkinson's disease treated together with levodopa and carbidopa. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carbidopa and Levodopa tablets, USP are a combination of carbidopa and levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • The Levodopa/carbidopa combination has long been considered the gold standard for treating Parkinson's disease. (biospace.com)
  • Although slightly behind AbbVie, Mitsubishi's collaboration with NeuroDerm uses a continuous subcutaneous infusion of levodopa/carbidopa, which showed improved control over Parkinson's disease symptoms when combined with supplemental oral levodopa/carbidopa, compared to traditional oral levodopa/carbidopa alone. (biospace.com)
  • While new formulations of levodopa/carbidopa are further along in the development process, companies continue to look at other pharmacologic targets to treat Parkinson's disease. (biospace.com)
  • A new study conducted at Mayo Clinic and published in the April issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings reports that one in six patients receiving therapeutic doses of certain drugs for Parkinson's disease develops new-onset, potentially destructive behaviors, notably compulsive gambling or hypersexuality. (science20.com)
  • They are commonly used to treat Parkinson's disease, but low doses also are used for restless legs syndrome. (science20.com)
  • None of the other Parkinson's disease patients developed compulsive gambling habits or hypersexuality, including the 28 patients on subtherapeutic dopamine agonist doses or the other 201 patients not taking dopamine agonists. (science20.com)
  • None of the 178 patients treated only with the standard drug for Parkinson's disease, carbidopa/levodopa, developed these behaviors. (science20.com)
  • Carbidopa is used to prevent levodopa from breaking down before it reaches the brain, where it is needed to alleviate Parkinson's symptoms. (onlinepharmaciescanada.com)
  • Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease need to take their daily levodopa, carbidopa and entacapone medication as many as up to eight to ten times per day. (orion.fi)
  • The primary objective of the study is to assess the efficacy, carbidopa dose response and safety of ODM-101, a new combination of levodopa, carbidopa and entacapone in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with end-of-dose motor fluctuations. (drugpatentwatch.com)
  • The CELC200A2401 study has been designed in order to evaluate the hypothesis that administering the combination carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone at the time that levodopa therapy is initiated results in a decrease in the risk of the development of motor complications for patients with Parkinson's disease. (drugpatentwatch.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to demonstrate in patients with Parkinson's disease that, when compared to levodopa/carbidopa, Stalevo will delay the time from initiation of study drug to the time an increase in antiparkinsonian medication is required due to inadequately controlled parkinsonian symptoms. (drugpatentwatch.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to achieve approval for the use of carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone in early Parkinson's disease (PD) by demonstrating that when used as initial levodopa therapy in early PD, carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone provides significantly greater symptomatic benefit than immediate release carbidopa/levodopa administered at the same levodopa dosage level of 100 mg three times a day (t.i.d. (drugpatentwatch.com)
  • Entacapone is the active ingredient in Comtan, a product originated by Orion Corporation and marketed in the United States by its exclusive licensee, Novartis, as an adjunct to levodopa/carbidopa therapy to treat patients with idiopathic Parkinson's Disease who experience the signs and symptoms of end-of-dose "wearing-off. (orion.fi)
  • Talk to your doctor about using drugs that treat Parkinson's disease (Sinemet, L-Dopa with Carbidopa, pramipexole and ropinirole) Other possibilities include Klonopin, Restoril, bromocriptine, lisuride or pergolide, Dihydroergocriptine or cabergoline. (drmirkin.com)
  • A patient who has Parkinson's disease takes levodopa and carbidopa. (getgoodcollegegrades.com)
  • It's FDA-approved to treat "off" episodes of Parkinson's disease (PD) in adults taking the PD medication levodopa/carbidopa ( Sinemet , Duopa , Rytary ). (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Xafinact 50 mg is a prescription treatment for adult patients with Parkinson's disease as add-on therapy to a stable dose of Levodopa alone in combination with other Parkinson's disease medicinal products in mid to late-stage fluctuating patients. (alldaychemist.com)
  • Carbidopa is used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (dangerousdrugs.com)
  • In low doses, far under those used for Parkinson's patients, L-dopa is effective in raising GH levels without side effects. (cambridgewellbeing.org)
Entacapone13
  • Stalevo (carbidopa, levodopa and entacapone) is a combination of several medications used to treat Parkinson symptoms such as muscle stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control. (rxlist.com)
  • When used with carbidopa and levodopa, entacapone increases levels of levodopa in the body. (rxlist.com)
  • It is unknown if carbidopa or entacapone pass into breast milk. (rxlist.com)
  • Our Stalevo (carbidopa, levodopa and entacapone) Side Effects Drug Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication. (rxlist.com)
  • Stalevo, a combination drug consisting of levodopa (aromatic amino acid), carbidopa (aromatic amino acid decarboxylation inhibitor), and entacapone (catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor) is indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (nih.gov)
  • When taken together with levodopa (L-DOPA) and carbidopa, entacapone stops catechol-O-methyltransferase from breaking down and metabolizing levodopa, resulting in an overall increase of levodopa remaining in the brain and body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone (Stalevo), a medication developed by Orion Pharma and marketed by Novartis, is a single tablet formulation that contains levodopa, carbidopa, and entacapone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previously on carbidopa/levodopa and entacapone: substitute on a mg/mg basis. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • Three different strength combinations of the three active substances, levodopa, entacapone and carbidopa, are being registered. (orion.fi)
  • To achieve the best clinical benefit, levodopa is combined with two important additional agents, carbidopa inhibiting the enzyme DDC (dopa-decarboxylase), and entacapone inhibiting the enzyme COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase). (orion.fi)
  • This study conducted to more fully evaluate the way that carbidopa/levodopa and entacapone may work in the brain. (drugpatentwatch.com)
  • This research study uses [123I]-IBZM and dynamic SPECT imaging to determine the amount and the duration of dopamine release from specific regions in the brain after treatment with either the combination of carbidopa/levodopa or the combination of carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone. (drugpatentwatch.com)
  • Stalevo contains three active substances ( levodopa , carbidopa and entacapone) in a film-coated tablet. (zeepedia.com)
Sinemet4
Versus immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa1
  • The results showed treatment with Rytary reduced the percentage of 'off' time (36.9 percent to 23.8 percent) from baseline versus immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa (36.0 percent to 29.8 percent) during waking hours to end of study. (centerwatch.com)
Reduces the amount of levodopa2
  • Carbidopa reduces the amount of levodopa required to produce a given response by about 75% and, when administered with levodopa, increases both plasma levels and the plasma half-life of levodopa, and decreases plasma and urinary dopamine and homovanillic acid. (nih.gov)
  • Approved by the FDA in 1975, the drug duo is administered together because carbidopa reduces the amount of levodopa needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect within the brain. (biospace.com)
Large doses of levodopa2
  • Thus, carbidopa decreases the need for large doses of levodopa to achieve adequate brain dopamine levels. (medscape.com)
  • For this reason, large doses of levodopa are required for adequate therapeutic effect, and these may often be accompanied by nausea and other adverse reactions, some of which are attributable to dopamine formed in extracerebral tissues. (nih.gov)
Decarboxylase Inhibitors2
Aromatic amino acid decarbox2
  • Carbidopa, an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation, is a white, crystalline compound, slightly soluble in water, with a molecular weight of 244.3. (rxlist.com)
  • Carbidopa is an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation and levodopa is an aromatic amino acid. (centerwatch.com)
Prevent the breakdown of levodopa2
  • Carbidopa helps prevent the breakdown of levodopa before it can reach the brain and take effect. (rxlist.com)
  • Carbidopa (a decarboxylase inhibitor) is administered with levodopa to prevent the breakdown of levodopa and increase levodopa's bioavailability. (medscape.com)
Formulation8
  • Rytary is an extended-release formulation of carbidopa and levodopa. (centerwatch.com)
  • The CR levodopa/carbidopa formulation can help to prevent the on/off phenomenon in some patients. (medscape.com)
  • In terms of extended-release oral formulations, Amneal Pharmaceuticals submitted its levodopa/carbidopa capsule formulation to the FDA in November 2022. (biospace.com)
  • Off time" may vary in severity at different times during the day due to physical activity and other factors, does this support the need to have different dosing options available in the manner provided by a scored, fractionated formulation of CD/LD? (iqanda-cme.com)
  • Can you please provide us with a brief summary of what you plan to cover in today's CME program focusing on new advances in CD/LD-based treatment of PD, including the scored, fractionable dosing formulation of CD/LD? (iqanda-cme.com)
  • If you embark on a therapeutic transition from standard CD/LD to the scored, fractionable dosing formulation of CD/LD, exactly how do you advise or counsel the patient on a titration plan? (iqanda-cme.com)
  • What is the role of fluctuating physical activity levels-hospital vs. rehab vs. home-based care-on the dose and dosing formulation of CD/LD and how does the CD/LD fractionable dosing formulation fit into the CD/LD titration equation? (iqanda-cme.com)
  • Switching to an alternative formulation of the same drug may involve a change in dose due to differing bioavailability of the active drug. (medscape.com)
Decarboxylation2
Dosage5
  • Therapy with carbidopa, given with or without levodopa or carbidopa-levodopa combination products, is started, dosage adjustment of the antihypertensive drug may be required. (medscape.com)
  • Not all individuals will experience such side effects Careful adjustments to dosage or the timing of individual doses can often effectively limit or eliminate side effects for many people. (parkinson.org)
  • It is indicated in these conditions to permit the administration of lower doses of levodopa with reduced nausea and vomiting, with more rapid dosage titration, with a somewhat smoother response, and with supplemental pyridoxine. (onlinepharmaciescanada.com)
  • If this is not possible, then the best thing to do would be to skip the missed dose and continue with your normal dosage schedule. (my-eu-store.com)
  • In some cases, your doctor may decide to stop your Nourianz treatment or lower your dosage of levodopa/carbidopa. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Medication7
  • Levodopa and carbidopa suspension comes in a single-use cassette to connect to the pump that will control the amount of medication you will receive during your infusion. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People who smoke the equivalent of 20 cigarettes per day or more will require a higher dose (40 mg) of medication. (parkinson.org)
  • Augmentation resolved with cessation of the medication and could be minimized by keeping the dose low. (nih.gov)
  • It is also important to note that despite all the new medications, carbidopa/levodopa remains the most potent medication to treat the motor symptoms of PD. (parkinsonsdaily.com)
  • I had been using regular carbidopa-levodopa, but last year I switched to the extended-release form because it seemed to moderate the blood pressure spikes that plagued me when I took the over-the-counter supplement 5-HTP in addition to my regular PD medication. (agingcare.com)
  • Taking your medication at the same time each day is a tried and tested method to avoid missing any doses. (my-eu-store.com)
  • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Nourianz in 2019 to treat off episodes of PD in adults taking the PD medication levodopa/carbidopa. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Drugs4
  • Since adenosine A2A blocking drugs (antagonists) do not act directly on dopamine receptors, they may be able to reduce "off" time (changes in the ability to move as a levodopa dose wanes) by 30 to 60 minutes per day without worsening dyskinesia. (parkinson.org)
  • First, a handful of new formulations of the traditional levodopa/carbidopa drugs are nearing the market. (biospace.com)
  • Of those 66, 38 were taking the drugs in therapeutic doses (doses expected to be at least minimally beneficial). (science20.com)
  • Gabapentin is cleared exclusively through the kidneys, and for such drugs, the dose should be reduced in proportion to the reduction in eGFR. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Combination13
  • The combination of levodopa and carbidopa comes as a regular tablet, an orally disintegrating tablet, an extended-release (long-acting) tablet, and an extended-release (long-acting) capsule to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • no longer available in the US) to the combination of levodopa and carbidopa, follow your doctor's instructions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The levodopa/carbidopa combination is often used when symptom control with selegiline alone is insufficient. (medscape.com)
  • In an open study, almost half of treatment-refractory depressed patients (N=100) responded to 5-HTP (up to 600 mg per day) in combination with 150 mg per day of carbidopa after several weeks of treatment. (psychologytoday.com)
  • 5-HTP at 50 to 100 mg thrice daily is well tolerated when used at recommended doses alone or in combination with conventional antianxiety agents. (psychologytoday.com)
  • It is a combination of two medications, levodopa, and carbidopa, which work together to restore the balance of key chemicals in the brain, allowing it to properly control body movements. (onlinepharmaciescanada.com)
  • The combination of sibutramine and orlistat as well as 5-HTP/carbidopa were prescribed by 14 and 20%, respectively. (researchgate.net)
  • As 5-HTP-carbidopa was a combination not previously reported for the treatment of obesity, a retrospective chart review was performed in a single obesity practice, which may not be representative. (researchgate.net)
  • This questionnaire revealed that 20% of the obesity specialists responding to the survey used phentermine plus of 5-HTP/carbidopa, an unreported combination. (researchgate.net)
  • To fill this gap, in rats for seven consecutive days, we administered Phen intraperitoneally at different doses either alone or in combination with a fixed dose of 5-HTP/CB. (researchgate.net)
  • In one study using five subjects, systemic absorption of 5-HTP in combination with carbidopa averaged 69.2 percent.4 Another absorption study found that carbidopa enhanced the increase in serum 5-HTP concentration 5 to 15 fold.5 In this study, a single dose of 5-HTP increased the plasma level of 5-HTP only slightly, whereas 5-HIAA increased 9-20 fold. (vitanetonline.com)
  • Tolcapone, an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT), is indicated in the combination with levodopa/carbidopa therapy in PD 6 - 8 . (biorxiv.org)
  • The medicine is effective only in combination with carbidopa/levodopa. (alldaychemist.com)
Peripheral3
  • Case reports show that some treatment-refractory patients improve when 300 mg per day of 5-HTP is combined with carbidopa (a peripheral monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), tricyclic antidepressants , MAOIs, or serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). (psychologytoday.com)
  • Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors (COMT-i) are used as first-line adjuvant therapy to L-dopa for end-of-dose (EoD) motor fluctuations, since they increase L-dopa availability in the brain by inhibiting its peripheral metabolism. (dovepress.com)
  • Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors are currently used as add-on therapy to L-Dopa for the treatment of end-of-dose motor fluctuations, as they inhibit peripheral L-Dopa metabolism and increase its delivery to the brain. (dovepress.com)
Formulations3
  • The new formulations are designed to improve treatment outcomes, in particular by reducing the severity of symptoms associated with "off" periods with periodic dosing. (biospace.com)
  • The gastrointestinal system can break down levodopa before the it can reach the brain for therapeutic activity, and previous oral formulations sought to fight this effect by administering higher doses. (biospace.com)
  • While bypassing the gastrointestinal system leads to better safety and efficacy outcomes, the FDA is treading cautiously because subcutaneous formulations of levodopa/carbidopa have not yet been approved. (biospace.com)
Higher doses1
Tablet4
  • Your doctor may start you on a low dose of levodopa and carbidopa and gradually increase your dose of the regular or orally disintegrating tablet every day or every other day as needed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your doctor may gradually increase your dose of the extended-release tablet or capsule after 3 days as needed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Tablet content is expressed in terms of anhydrous carbidopa which has a molecular weight of 226.3. (nih.gov)
  • max one tablet per dosing interval. (renalandurologynews.com)
Dopamine agonists2
  • Seven patients experiencing new-onset compulsive gambling or hypersexuality were taking dopamine agonists in therapeutic doses. (science20.com)
  • Research has shown that combinations of low doses of dopamine agonists, such as levodopa and ropinirole, can control restless legs syndrome for many months or years (1,2). (drmirkin.com)
Medications2
  • The half-life of routinely used medications and adjustment of the dose according to the perioperative schedule must be considered. (medscape.com)
  • Many medications must be continued through the perioperative period, with the last dose taken with a sip of clear liquid up to 2 hours prior to the procedure, and resumed during recovery. (medscape.com)
Symptoms4
  • The suspension is usually given as a morning dose (given by infusion over 10 to 30 minutes) and then as a continuous dose (given by infusion over 16 hours), with extra doses given no more than once every 2 hours as needed to control your symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
  • and to replace immediate-release carbidopa and levodopa in patients with end-of-dose "wearing-off" symptoms who are taking levodopa up to 600mg/day without having dyskinesias. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • Once you commit to carbidopa/levodopa therapy, what is the typical starting dose, how long does it take for symptoms to ameliorate, and what should you expect in terms of long-term stability and/or deterioration of motor symptoms over time? (iqanda-cme.com)
  • In our clinical studies a previously unreported but far more significant problem of markedly augmented RL symptoms occurred in the afternoon and the evening prior to taking the next nightly dose. (nih.gov)
Rytary3
  • Based upon individual patient clinical response and tolerability, the Rytary dose may be increased up to a maximum recommended dose of 97.5 mg / 390 mg taken three times a day. (centerwatch.com)
  • The maximum recommended daily dose of Rytary is 612.5 mg / 2450 mg. (centerwatch.com)
  • For the conversion of patients from immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa to Rytary, please see the drug label. (centerwatch.com)
Restless legs syn1
  • Very low doses, such as those used to treat restless legs syndrome, carry much less risk. (science20.com)
Nausea2
Infusion1
  • In light of these findings, we advocate for the supplementation of methyl group-donating vitamins, notably B6 and B12, in patients undergoing a high-dose L-dopa/DDI regimen, particularly those treated with L-dopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion. (lu.se)
Tablets3
  • Carbidopa and levodopa tablets USP 10/100 mg containing 10 mg of carbidopa and 100 mg of levodopa. (nih.gov)
  • Carbidopa and levodopa tablets 10 mg/100 mg and 25 mg/250 mg also contain FD&C Blue 2 aluminium lake. (nih.gov)
  • Carbidopa and levodopa tablets 25 mg/100 mg also contain D&C Yellow 10 aluminium lake. (nih.gov)
Compulsive1
  • Impulse control and/or compulsive behavior: consider dose reduction or discontinuation if develops. (renalandurologynews.com)
Adverse3
  • If severe adverse reactions occur, the dose is reduced in 2.5-mg decrements. (medscape.com)
  • No cases of serotonin syndrome or other serious adverse effects were reported with these doses. (psychologytoday.com)
  • A systematic prospective evaluation of this augmentation in 46 consecutive patients treated with carbidopa/ levodopa for RL syndrome or PLMS disorder found this augmentation to be the major adverse effect of treatment. (nih.gov)
Equivalent1
  • Patients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder randomized to 5-HTP with carbidopa versus clomipramine reported equivalent and significant reductions in generalized anxiety. (psychologytoday.com)
Dopaminergic1
  • Dopaminergic agents and carbidopa/levodopa have become the preferred treatment for both the restless legs (RL) syndrome and for periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS). (nih.gov)
Increases4
  • carbidopa increases effects of acebutolol by pharmacodynamic synergism. (medscape.com)
  • carbidopa increases effects of amiloride by pharmacodynamic synergism. (medscape.com)
  • carbidopa increases effects of bumetanide by pharmacodynamic synergism. (medscape.com)
  • For once-nightly treatments with carbidopa/ levodopa, a problem with morning end-of-dose rebound increases in leg movements has been reported to occur in the about one-fourth of the patients. (nih.gov)
Capsule1
  • Take the first daily dose of the extended-release capsule 1 to 2 hours before eating. (medlineplus.gov)
Tremors1
  • Carbidopa and levadopa can also cause uncontrolled shaking and tremors and may also cause seizures in some people. (dangerousdrugs.com)
Dyskinesias1
  • In particular, "peak-dose dyskinesias" may occur when levodopa levels are at its peak concentration in the serum plasma. (wikipedia.org)
Levodopa dose1
  • Apathetic patients were more depressed and had a greater decrease in levodopa dose as compared with the nonapathetic patients. (medscape.com)
Impairment1
  • In patients with moderate hepatic impairment, the maximum recommended dose is 50mg once per day. (alldaychemist.com)
Therapeutic response1
  • l-Tryptophan is typically taken at bedtime because of its sedating properties and is dosed between 1.5 and 5.0 g, depending on therapeutic response. (psychologytoday.com)
20231
  • The Phase IIb LUMA trial was still at the dosing phase as of February 2023. (biospace.com)
Immediate-release1
  • While the immediate-release granules contain carbidopa and levodopa, the extended-release beads only contain levodopa and are enterically coated to prevent stomach acid from affecting the beads. (biospace.com)
Drug3
  • For some patients, a reduction in the dose of the dopamine agonist may prove to be sufficient treatment," says Dr. Ahlskog, "although total elimination of the offending drug is often necessary. (science20.com)
  • If you stay on any drug, it loses effect and you will constantly increase the dose. (drmirkin.com)
  • Patients typically find that the drug wears off toward the end of each regular dosing cycle. (agingcare.com)
Single-dose1
  • The PBAC recommended listing on a cost minimisation basis with adrenaline I.M. injection single dose syringe auto-injector (EpiPen). (pbs.gov.au)
Daily3
  • It is also worth noting that the maximum daily recommended dose of carbidopa is 200 mg. (onlinepharmaciescanada.com)
  • Typical to levodopa treatment is that the frequency of the daily doses must be gradually increased as the disease progresses. (orion.fi)
  • Based on the individual requirement, the dose may be increased to 100 mg daily after 14 days. (alldaychemist.com)
Discontinue1
Parkinsonian features1
  • Numerous cases of patients with late-onset parkinsonian features who responded to very low doses of levodopa have been reported. (medscape.com)
Treatment2
  • The average maximal dose of phentermine was above that approved in the package insert, and these physicians disagreed with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Obesity Treatment Guidelines. (researchgate.net)
  • 2 With sustained treatment with L-Dopa high doses and longer disease duration, motor complications emerge with a significant impact on patient's quality-of-life. (dovepress.com)
Last dose1