Dose of bupivacaine. Medical search. Frequent questions

Local anesthetics, such as lidocaine and bupivacaine, function by blocking ion channels thereby preventing impulse conduction of pain. (vin.com)
Large doses of lidocaine (up to 55 mg/kg, versus the conventional maximum of 4.5 mg/kg) are used for tumescent anesthesia, in which a dilute local anesthetic solution is injected into subcutaneous tissue until it becomes firm and tense. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] Larger doses of lidocaine are generally tolerated during tumescent anesthesia for liposuction, probably due to coadministration of epinephrine, the low concentration of lidocaine in tumescent solution, and poor systemic absorption from subcutaneous fat. (medscape.com)
From the discovery of the first aminoamide, lidocaine, to the development of ropivacaine as a less cardiotoxic agent than racemic bupivacaine, it is evident that this field continues to search for the "Holy Grail" of local anesthetic pharmacology. (asra.com)
Lidocaine, bupivacaine, pramoxine and W 6211 also caused a lower degree of attenuation of the response to substance P than the responses to acetylcholine, histamine and barium chloride. (aspetjournals.org)
Administration of narcotics through an epidural catheter usually involves a combination of narcotic (Fentanyl, Morphine, or Dilaudid) mixed with low doses of a local anesthetic (Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, or Ropivacaine) without epinephrine. (medleague.com)
Amide local anesthetics available for dental usage include lidocaine, mepivacaine, articaine, prilocaine and bupivacaine. (dentalcare.com)
The duration of pulpal anesthesia for bupivacaine (240 minutes) is greater than lidocaine (85 minutes) and articaine (90 minutes) and is also greater for soft tissue (340 minutes) compared to lidocaine and articaine (around 180 minutes). (dentalcare.com)

Bupivacaine hydrochloride injection contains bupivacaine hydrochloride, an amide local anesthetic indicated in adults for the production of local or regional anesthesia or analgesia for surgery, oral surgery procedures, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and for obstetrical procedures. (nih.gov)
Known hypersensitivity to bupivacaine or to any local anesthetic agent of the amide-type or to other components of bupivacaine hydrochloride injection. (nih.gov)
Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic/analgesic widely used in the perioperative and postsurgical settings. (hindawi.com)
Surgical procedure examples with local anesthetic and dose. (asra.com)
N-001 provided relief of pain-like behavior over 3 days and 2 days longer than the conventional long-acting anesthetic bupivacaine. (iasp-pain.org)
CAUTION: All topical anesthetic preparations are absorbed from mucosal surfaces and toxicity may result when dose limits are exceeded. (msdmanuals.com)
No previous studies have looked at the dose-response relationship curve (DRC) between local anesthetic volume in a supraclavicular block and the degree of HDP, but studies investigating dosing in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular blocks have found HDP at various doses. (newswise.com)
evaluated anesthetic dose levels ranging from 5 cc to 35 cc in 21 patients undergoing a supraclavicular block as the primary anesthetic for right upper-extremity surgery. (newswise.com)
The study used an up-down methodology which would help prevent patients from receiving unnecessary subtherapeutic anesthetic doses. (newswise.com)
If longer anesthesia is required, another amide anesthetic, such as bupivacaine, can be used. (medscape.com)
Zynrelef is a dual-acting local anesthetic that delivers a fixed-dose combination of bupivacaine, an amide local anesthetic, and meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). (empr.com)
Dilaudid, Morphine, or Fentanyl is used along with a local anesthetic such as bupivacaine or ropivacaine. (medleague.com)
Another difference among injectable anesthetic agents is the maximum recommended doses. (dentalcare.com)
Refer to Table 1 that summarizes the maximum recommended doses of local anesthetic agents as per the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) Guidelines. (dentalcare.com)
The maximum amount of local anesthetic agent needs to be reduced if the patient is receiving a supplementary dose of enteral or parenteral sedative agent for behavior management. (dentalcare.com)
The aim of this study was to determine the local anesthetic-sparing efficacy of epidural epinephrine by its effect on the MLAC of bupivacaine. (silverchair.com)
Some excellent science has shown that giving IV lipid emulsion can save the life of someone with an accidental overdose of local anesthetic medications, particularly bupivacaine ," he added. (medscape.com)
Use of 20% intravenous lipid emulsion can be efficacious in the resuscitation of life-threatening local anesthetic toxicity , especially from bupivacaine, Lavonas indicated. (medscape.com)

Plasma concentration of bupivacaine (µg/ml) following subcutaneous injection of 2 mg/kg of a 0.5% solution in female mallard ducks. (vin.com)
The 0.75% (7.5 mg/mL) concentration of bupivacaine hydrochloride is not recommended for obstetrical anesthesia and should be reserved for surgical procedures where a high degree of muscle relaxation and prolonged effect are necessary ( 5.1 ). (nih.gov)
The concentration of bupivacaine was determined by the response of the previous patient in that group to a higher or lower concentration using up-down sequential allocation. (silverchair.com)

2 We have developed a single-injection intrathecal technique by adjusting medication and dose to meet this challenge. (asra.com)
Intrathecal medication and dose are selected based on best estimates for case duration (Table 1). (asra.com)
In this prospective, randomized, double- blind study, we investigated the postoperative analgesic efficacy of intrathecal midazolam 2.5mg as an adjunct to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in 80 patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery. (ispub.com)
We conclude that intrathecal midazolam 2.5mg provided moderate prolongation of postoperative analgesia when used as an adjunct to bupivacaine. (ispub.com)
The optimum dose of intrathecal midazolam for postoperative analgesia is not identified. (ispub.com)
10 In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we evaluated the analgesic efficacy of a combination of intrathecal midazolam and bupivacaine and compared it with bupivacaine alone in patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery. (ispub.com)
It is advisable to use an adequate test dose, possibly in combination with adrenaline, in order to promptly avoid accidental intravenous or intrathecal injection. (janusinfo.se)

EXPAREL (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) is a sterile suspension of multivesicular liposomes using proprietary DepoFoam formulation technology to release bupivacaine over several days. (hindawi.com)
The ASCRS/SAGES guidelines state that local anesthetics, such as EXPAREL ® (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension), that are administered via wound infiltration or transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block may effectively manage pain associated with both open and laparoscopic colorectal surgery. (hcplive.com)

There have been reports of cardiac arrest with difficult resuscitation or death during use of bupivacaine hydrochloride for epidural anesthesia in obstetrical patients. (nih.gov)
There have been reports of cardiac arrest and death during the use of bupivacaine for intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier Block). (nih.gov)
Spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine is administered routinely for lower limb surgery 1 and provides effective analgesia in the early postoperative period. (ispub.com)
Patients will then Innocoll Biotherapeutics plc Announces First Patients In Phase 3 Clinical Trials for Label Expansion of Xaracoll® (bupivacaine hydrochloride) Implant Results of implant's safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics for use in various open soft-tissue surgeries expected in first quarter 2022 undergo abdominoplasty under general anesthesia and have either XARACOLL or placebo implanted intraoperatively. (innocoll.com)
All cats received butorphanol prior to anesthesia and forelimb four-point regional nerve blocks with bupivacaine after induction of general anesthesia. (biomedcentral.com)

This study also included a group of patients treated with Zynrelef plus ropivacaine, as well as those who received bupivacaine only. (empr.com)

midazolam 2mg before subarachnoid block with hyperbaric Bupivacaine 0.5% 2.5-3ml and fentanyl 15mcg in the operation theatre (OT). (who.int)

Blood samples of 1.0 ml were drawn from the jugular vein prior to bupivacaine administration (0 hour) and at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 hours after administration. (vin.com)
Prolonged antalgic therapy usually uses doses that vary from 0.25 to 1 mg/kg of body weight. (janusinfo.se)
Fourteen calves were randomly assigned to receive either the RSB (RSB group, n = 7, injected with 0.3 mL/kg of bupivacaine 0.25% and 0.15 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine per side) or a sham injection (CG group, n = 7, injected with an equivalent volume of sterile saline solution). (bvsalud.org)

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and side effect profile of dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to bupivacaine in single dose FICB for femur surgeries in two different r. (researchgate.net)

Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with CYP3A4 inhibitors like zafirlukast can increase hydrocodone exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of hydrocodone. (pdr.net)
Immediate post-operative narcotic requirement (total opioid dose) was calculated and compared using a t-test. (sages.org)
Additionally, a significant proportion of patients in the Zynrelef arm did not receive opioid analgesia (29% vs 11% for bupivacaine HCl and 2% for saline placebo). (empr.com)
and iovera system, a non-opioid handheld cryoanalgesia device used to produce controlled doses of cold temperature only to targeted nerves. (defenseworld.net)

Concentrations of bupivacaine in plasma were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. (vin.com)
Recommended concentrations and dosages of bupivacaine hydrochloride injection according to type of block. (nih.gov)
Bupivacaine hydrochloride injection is available in multiple concentrations. (nih.gov)
A formulation of bupivacaine that provides prolonged release of the active ingredient after a single administration would simplify pain management in the postoperative period and eliminate the undesired peak plasma concentrations as a result of excessively high concentrations and reduce the risk of local and systemic reactions [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is, however, necessary, to use the lowest doses and concentrations that can allow to obtain the sought for effect. (janusinfo.se)
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of plasma bupivacaine concentrations showed that SABER-Bupivacaine achieved its target delivery profile of providing a delivery duration of over 72 hours with no burst upon injection. (durect.com)

The appearance of subsequent high levels of plasma bupivacaine is unique to this study and may also contribute to the apparent avian sensitivity to toxic effects of local anesthetics. (vin.com)
Six and 12 hour samples represent high levels in plasma bupivacaine concentration. (vin.com)

All dogs received epidural bupivacaine 0.5% (1 ml/5 kg) with morphine (0.15-0.2 mg/kg) or hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg). (vin.com)

14 In domestic chickens, bupivacaine has produced effective analgesia in two pain models. (vin.com)
A sustained-release DepoFoam injection formulation of bupivacaine (EXPAREL, 15 mg/mL) is currently being investigated for postsurgical analgesia via peripheral nerve block (PNB). (hindawi.com)
The indwelling epidural catheter gives the ability to provide long lasting analgesia and to titrate the dose given to the desired effect. (wikipedia.org)
Alternatively, smaller doses can provide analgesia, e.g. in the postoperative period. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia in labouring women is associated with more pruritus if fentanyl (25 μg) is given intrathecally, than low-dose epidural analgesia. (wikipedia.org)
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Zynrelef™ (bupivacaine and meloxicam) extended-release solution for use in adults for soft tissue or periarticular instillation to produce postsurgical analgesia for up to 72 hours in adults after bunionectomy, open inguinal herniorrhaphy and total knee arthroplasty. (empr.com)

After lumbar epidural catheter placement, 20 ml bupivacaine (n = 35) or bupivacaine with epinephrine 1:300,000 (n = 35) was administered. (silverchair.com)
The lowest maternal blood pressure was significantly lower in the bupivacaine-epinephrine group (P = 0.03). (silverchair.com)
There were statistically significant reductions in fetal heart rate (P = 0.011) in the bupivacaine-epinephrine group that were not clinically significant. (silverchair.com)
The addition of epidural epinephrine 1:300,000 (66 microg) resulted in a significant 29% reduction in the MLAC of bupivacaine. (silverchair.com)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the fate of bupivacaine following a single subcutaneous injection. (vin.com)
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. (nih.gov)
Monitor cardiovascular and respiratory vital signs and patient's state of consciousness after injection of bupivacaine hydrochloride. (nih.gov)
Probudur™ is a single injection liposomal bupivacaine formulation being developed to manage post-operative pain. (accesswire.com)
Table 1 - Pain Management Assessment over 4 Days Study Product Mean Mean VAS Summed Pain (Bupivacaine injection Overall Pain Intensity Score (+/-SD) dose in mg. (durect.com)
and Mean Supplemental Analgesic Dosage taken over 4 Days (No. of Doses) Study Product Mean Time to Mean (Bupivacaine Injection Dose in mg. (durect.com)

Typically the patient receives an intravenous "loading" dose to quickly raise the blood level of the pain medication. (medleague.com)

Intra-articular infusions of local anesthetics including bupivacaine hydrochloride following arthroscopic and other surgical procedures is an unapproved use, and there have been post-marketing reports of chondrolysis in patients receiving such infusions. (nih.gov)
INN-CB-025 is a phase 3 open-label study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of the INL‑001 (bupivacaine hydrochloride) implant in adults following various open soft-tissue surgeries: open ventral hernia repair, abdominoplasty, open abdominal hysterectomy, laparoscopic-assisted colectomy, and reduction mammoplasty. (innocoll.com)

Single-dose toxicology studies of EXPAREL (9, 18, and 30 mg/kg), bupivacaine solution (Bsol, 9 mg/kg), and saline injected around the brachial plexus nerve bundle were performed in rabbits and dogs. (hindawi.com)
EXPAREL was well tolerated at doses up to 30 mg/kg. (hindawi.com)
Specifically, the study was designed to assess whether EXPAREL did not produce nerve damage in the setting of peripheral nerve block by comparison with unencapsulated bupivacaine or saline control. (hindawi.com)
EXPAREL, the only single-dose, long-acting analgesic that offers a nonopioid option for postsurgical pain control, can play an important role in a multimodal approach. (hcplive.com)

They are used to permit the patient to self-administer small doses of narcotics (usually Morphine, Dilaudid, Demerol, or Fentanyl) into the blood or spinal fluid at frequent intervals. (medleague.com)

Among patients undergoing unilateral simple bunionectomy (N=412), treatment with Zynrelef was associated with a significant reduction in pain intensity compared with either bupivacaine HCl or saline placebo for up to 72 hours. (empr.com)
Relief over 4 Days At Rest Coughing Group 1 SABER-Bupivacaine A Lot 313+/-423 781+/-521 + Saline (638mg) - (n=5) Group 2 SABER-Bupivacaine A Lot 636+/-514 1,585+/-1,240 + Commercial Bupivacaine (688mg) - (n=5) Control Commercial Bupivacaine Some 2,770+/-1,644 4,387+/-1,033 (75mg) - (n=5) Table 2 - Mean Time to Supplemental Analgesic (Hrs. (durect.com)

For patients being discharged on the same day, either 2-2.5 mL of 2% mepivacaine or 1-1.5 mL of 0.75% bupivacaine with dextrose are utilized to encourage faster block resolution. (asra.com)
The researchers prepared a 2:1 mixture of mepivacaine 1.5% and bupivacaine 0.5% in 5 mL increments and began administering it during supraclavicular block at a dose of 35 mL to the first three participants. (newswise.com)

It further recommends the use of bupivacaine and fentanyl to establish the block. (wikipedia.org)

Standard ASA monitors are placed, and sedation may be provided via the administration of low-dose midazolam. (asra.com)
group BM received 3.5 ml bupivacaine plus 0.5 ml midazolam (5 mg/ml). (ispub.com)
In previous studies midazolam has been administered in the dose of 1mg and 2mg intrathecally. (ispub.com)

Postoperatively both group will receive Ultrasound guided Adductor canal Femoral Nerve block in the PACU with 0.2% Bupivacaine & dexmeditomidine1.0mcg/kg. (who.int)

From a systemic standpoint, high doses of bupivacaine may be associated with a wide range of systemic complications, such as central nervous and cardiovascular effects [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
If you have been using this medication for a long time or in high doses, do not suddenly stop using it without your doctor's approval. (webmd.com)

Low dose of heavy bupivacaine for Cesarean section: 83. (bmj.com)

Effect of oral low dose clonidine premedication on postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. (druglib.com)
Patients were divided into two groups: one group received Bupivacaine with clonidine, and the other group received only bupivacaine at a dose of 15 mg. (bvsalud.org)

Birds may be more sensitive to the toxic effects of local anesthetics compared to mammals, but the pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine are unknown in birds. (vin.com)
9,11 Birds may be more sensitive to the toxic effects of local anesthetics compared to mammals, as higher doses (3.5-4.5 mg/kg) 15 produce toxic effects in dogs compared with birds (2.7-3.3 mg/kg) 11 . (vin.com)
A small dose of local anaesthetic (e.g. bupivacaine) is then instilled. (wikipedia.org)
Large doses of local anaesthetic can produce sufficient anaesthesia for surgery. (wikipedia.org)

The preliminary findings from our Phase II study are very significant for the SABER-Bupivacaine development program and DURECT in that they are supportive thus far of all our established clinical objectives for this product candidate of safety, a drug delivery duration of 3 days or more, and in comparison to the current standard of care, improved pain relief and reduction in the use of supplemental analgesic medication. (durect.com)
All reviews included key questions (KQs) or subquestions on how benefits and harms varied according to demographic (age, sex, race), clinical (severity and duration of pain, medical and psychiatric comorbidities, concomitant medications), and intervention (dose, duration, intensity) characteristics. (cdc.gov)

For most primary joint replacements, 2 mL of 0.75% bupivacaine in dextrose is used. (asra.com)

Zynrelef extended-release solution is supplied in 4 dosage strengths as single-dose vials: 400mg bupivacaine/12mg meloxicam, 300mg bupivacaine/9mg meloxicam, 200mg bupivacaine/6mg meloxicam, and 60mg bupivacaine/1.8mg meloxicam. (empr.com)

A safe starting dose of morphine is 0.1 mg/kg and should be given intravenously. (saem.org)
Because different patients will require different doses to relieve their pain, morphine can be safely titrated using doses of 0.025-0.05 mg/kg every 5-15 minutes following the initial bolus. (saem.org)

Elderly patients are at greater risk of developing constipation, sedation, and confusion when treated with opioids, and it is reasonable to adjust doses to account for age-related changes in pharmacokinetics. (saem.org)
This approach can include scheduled dosing of oral narcotic alternatives, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen, to reduce dependence on opioids for pain relief. (hcplive.com)

Do not administer these drugs until at least 7 days after each iobenguane dose. (medscape.com)
Using a syringe infusion pump, administer caffeine citrate dose slowly over 10 minutes into a vein or into the tubing of a freely-flowing compatible IV solution. (pdr.net)
Administer daily IV dose at the same time each day (every 24 hours). (pdr.net)
Administer by small incremental doses. (medscape.com)

Of note, five of the ten patients receiving SABER-Bupivacaine in cohort 2 of our Phase II study took no supplemental analgesics over the four-day period following treatment," stated James E. Brown, DVM, President and CEO of DURECT. (durect.com)
Patients treated with SABER-Bupivacaine took fewer doses of supplemental analgesics during the four days following treatment compared with patients in the Control group. (durect.com)

It is reasonable to consider a lower dose (e.g., 0.05 mg/kg) in patients who are older or sicker. (saem.org)
Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent conventional LVHR with mesh and those who underwent LVHR with bupivacaine-soaked mesh. (sages.org)
But if any of the patients receiving 35 mL developed HDP, the researchers would drop the dose to 30 mL for the next three patients. (newswise.com)
The study was to be stopped when (1) HDP was observed at the lowest dose of 5cc, (2) a total of 30 patients were enrolled, or (3) the dose escalated or de-escalated to a previously tested level, and a total of six consecutive patients at that dose exhibited no HDP. (newswise.com)
Fourteen patients experienced HDP at all dose levels, including at the lowest level of 5 mL, although none required respiratory intervention. (newswise.com)
Nasdaq: DRRX) announced today positive preliminary results from the second cohort of an on-going Phase II clinical study in hernia patients for DURECT's post-operative pain relief depot product candidate, SABER(TM)-Bupivacaine. (durect.com)
Patients in cohort 2 received injections of either SABER-Bupivacaine or commercial bupivacaine (the current standard of care) at the completion of surgery. (durect.com)
Patients treated with SABER-Bupivacaine also reported lower pain intensity scores than the Control group using a visual analog scale (VAS) over the four days following treatment. (durect.com)
Bupivacaine than for patients in the Control Group. (durect.com)
INN-CB-024 is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study of the INL 001 (bupivacaine HCl) implant, at 300 mg, in patients following abdominoplasty. (innocoll.com)
INN-CB-025 is a multicenter, Phase 3, open-label, safety, tolerability and characterization of harmacokinetics study of theINL 001 (bupivacaine HCl) implant, at 300 mg, in patients following various soft-tissue surgeries: open ventral herniarepair, abdominoplasty, open abdominal hysterectomy, laparoscopic-assisted colectomy and reduction mammoplasty. (innocoll.com)
Furthermore, he said, "High-dose insulin treatment for patients with beta blocker and calcium channel blocker poisoning [also recommended in the update] has really become mainstream. (medscape.com)
Give high-dose insulin therapy early in the treatment of patients with beta blocker and calcium channel blocker poisoning, Lavonas noted. (medscape.com)

Epoladerm™ delivers Diclofenac Epolamine, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ('NSAID') via its meter-dosed spay film formulation. (accesswire.com)

Moderate) Consider a reduced dose of hydrocodone with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of zafirlukast is necessary. (pdr.net)

This Phase II trial is a dose escalation study underway in Australia. (durect.com)

Epoladerm™ is a topical diclofenac metered-dose spray film formulation being developed to manage acute musculoskeletal pain and osteoarthritis. (accesswire.com)

Bupivacaine solutions have been used for many years by multiple routes for the relief of postoperative pain [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

In an effort to minimize post-operative pain, we used polyester composite mesh pre-soaked in bupivacaine, and observed its mitigating effect on pain by measuring postoperative narcotic requirements. (sages.org)
These additional doses given on demand are usually limited to 1 mg of the narcotic in the pump. (medleague.com)
The pump is programmed to limit the number of additional doses that the patient can receive, so as to not exceed safe hourly limits of the narcotic. (medleague.com)

Preclinical safety studies of N-001 indicated the drug produced no toxic or adverse immunological reactions over multiple doses in mice. (iasp-pain.org)

Depending on how the physician orders the medication, doses of narcotics may be given in addition to or instead of a continuously running infusion of narcotics. (medleague.com)

Bupivacaine (2 mg/kg of a 0.5% solution) was given subcutaneously to eight adult female mallard ducks. (vin.com)
Ducks were given bupivacaine (2 mg/kg, 0.4 ml/kg of a 0.5% solution, Marcaine, Sanofi Winthrop, Chatham, Ontario, Canada) subcutaneously in the ventral abdomen, between 0900 and 1100 hours. (vin.com)
Brachial plexus blockade may require dispersion of a relatively large volume of bupivacaine in solution to accomplish blockade of the entire plexus. (hindawi.com)

Both Zynrelef treatment groups demonstrated a reduction in pain intensity compared with the bupivacaine arm. (empr.com)

They should be administered initially as a bolus dose estimated by the patient's weight and titrated every 5-15 minutes following reassessment of the patient's subjective description of their pain. (saem.org)
SABER-Bupivacaine is based on DURECT's patented SABER delivery technology and is intended to be administered around the surgical site after surgery to provide 3 days or more of regional pain relief. (durect.com)
The objective of the present US study was to demonstrate the field effectiveness and safety of injectable robenacoxib at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg for the control of post-operative pain associated with onychectomy, ovariohysterectomy and castration surgery in cats. (biomedcentral.com)

The results show that this compound induced a significant reduction of the acid-induced writhing at doses ranging from 25 to 75 mg/kg. (researchgate.net)

Discontinue interfering drugs for at least 5 half-lives before administration of either the dosimetry or an iobenguane dose. (medscape.com)

Anatomy3

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs19

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes7

Health Care3

Lidocaine8

Anesthetic18

Concentration of bupivacaine3

Intrathecal7

Liposome2

Anesthesia5

Ropivacaine1

Hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.51

0.253

Adjunct to bupivacaine1

Opioid4

Concentrations6

Plasma bupivacaine2

Epidural bupivacaine1

Analgesia6

Epinephrine4

Injection6

Intravenous1

Hydrochloride2

Exparel4

Spinal1

Saline2

Mepivacaine2

Fentanyl1

Midazolam3

Ultrasound guided1

High doses2

Cesarean1

Clonidine2

Local4

Duration2

0.751

STRENGTHS1

Morphine2

Opioids2

Administer4

Analgesics2

Patients13

Nonsteroidal1

Sedation1

Escalation1

Formulation1

Postoperative pain1

Narcotic3

Adverse1

Infusion1

Solution3

Intensity1

Pain3

Significant reduction1

Drugs1