AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
MedetomidineDexmedetomidineAdrenergic alpha-AgonistsHypnotics and SedativesAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AgonistsXylazineImidazolesZolazepamTiletamineReceptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2Anesthetics, CombinedAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticKetamineMidazolamConscious SedationAdrenergic alpha-AntagonistsAnesthetics, DissociativeButorphanolGuaifenesinAdjuvants, AnesthesiaMethotrimeprazineFentanylAcepromazineAnesthesia Recovery PeriodAnestheticsClonidineSurgery, VeterinaryPropofolVeterinary DrugsDose-Response Relationship, DrugHeart RateRespiratory RateHemodynamicsDogsAnesthesia, IntravenousCardiovascular SystemAnesthetics, IntravenousAnesthesiaShiveringRespirationImmobilizationDeep SedationAnalgesicsIdazoxanAirway ExtubationImidazoline ReceptorsPreanesthetic MedicationAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AntagonistsDrug InteractionsReceptors, Biogenic AmineBlood PressureInfusions, IntravenousInjections, IntravenousInjections, IntramuscularIsofluraneNorepinephrineReceptors, Adrenergic, alphaConsciousness MonitorsDioxanesPsychomotor AgitationEpinephrineAlfentanilDouble-Blind MethodRandom AllocationBody Temperature
AtipamezoleAgonistButorphanolSedationXylazineMidazolamKetamineAnestheticOpioidsIntravenousDexdomitorClinicalEffectsConcentrationInfusionAdministrationSignificantlyCombinationLeftSoldMinutesPatientsDogsHydrochlorideAdministered intramuscularlySedationAnalgesicSodium chloride injectionSedative effectAnesthesiaPropofolInfusionsIntramuscularMyocardial infarctionSelectiveInjectionEffectivelySpinalCompoundSingle-doseRangeCAUTIONAdverseAnaesthesiaBody weightAnimalsDrugLowerData
Atipamezole4
  • Once done we give the atipamezole IM at 1/2 (dex)medetomidine volume and they're usually ready to roll in 10 minutes. (vasg.org)
  • The objective of this study was to assess the impact on gastrointestinal transit time of ketamine-midazolam (KMZ) versus ketamine-medetomidine (later antagonised by atipamezole) (KMT-A) in rabbits. (awionline.org)
  • Although this can be achieved by the addition of medetomidine, as in other species, recovery is still relatively prolonged even after reversal of the medetomidine with atipamezole [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study compared the effects of a combination of fentanyl-midazolam-medetomidine (FMM), followed by reversal with naloxone and atipamezole, with ketamine (KET) in rhesus macaques. (biomedcentral.com)
Agonist1
  • DEXDOMITOR (dexmedetomidine hydrochloride) is a synthetic alpha 2 -adrenoreceptor agonist with sedative and analgesic properties. (nih.gov)
Butorphanol3
Sedation6
  • Table 1: CANINE SEDATION/ANALGESIA DOSE TABLE: Intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) dosing on the basis of body weight. (nih.gov)
  • 2020. Evaluation of subcutaneous administration of alfaxalone-midazolam and dexmedetomidine-midazolam for sedation of ball pythons (Python regius). (awionline.org)
  • OBJECTIVE: To evaluate SC administration of alfaxalone-midazolam and dexmedetomidine-midazolam for sedation of ball pythons (Python regius). (awionline.org)
  • Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection is indicated for short-term intravenous sedation. (pharmacyhq.com)
  • Prior to the administration of medications, clinicians must know the level of sedation required for a given procedure and the appropriate dose of the pharmacologic agent or agents chosen. (medscape.com)
  • This study assessed the effects of sedation using a combination of fentanyl, midazolam and medetomidine in comparison to ketamine. (biomedcentral.com)
Xylazine1
Midazolam2
  • If they are cardiac patients I leave the (dex)medetomidine out and add the 1 to 3 mg/kg ketamine to the opioid and midazolam. (vasg.org)
  • 2020. Postanaesthetic effects of ketamine-midazolam and ketamine-medetomidine on gastrointestinal transit time in rabbits anaesthetised with isoflurane. (awionline.org)
Ketamine1
  • Medetomidine has also been used in combination with morphine (or methadone), lidocaine and ketamine in constant rate infusion analgesia in canines. (wikipedia.org)
Anesthetic7
  • Medetomidine is a synthetic drug used as both a surgical anesthetic and analgesic. (wikipedia.org)
  • The choice of preanesthetic dose depends on the duration and severity of the procedure, as well as the anesthetic regime. (nih.gov)
  • The use of dexmedetomidine as a preanesthetic markedly reduces anesthetic requirements in dogs. (nih.gov)
  • Injectable induction drug requirements for intubation will be reduced between 30% and 60%, depending on the choice of anesthetic and the dexmedetomidine preanesthetic dose. (nih.gov)
  • The concentration of inhalation maintenance anesthetic will be reduced between 40% and 60%, depending on the dose of dexmedetomidine. (nih.gov)
  • The anesthetic dose should always be titrated against the response of the patient. (nih.gov)
  • However, the little data are available concerning anesthetic effects in puppies treated with medetomidine and propofol. (vin.com)
Opioids2
  • For lactating animals that need ongoing opioids, nursing should be timed for just before the next dose, and opioids with long half-lives should be avoided, according to Dr. Mathews. (dvm360.com)
  • Opioids provide potent analgesia, and concurrent administration can lower the dose of inhalant or barbiturate general anesthetics for surgery. (nexgenvetrx.com)
Intravenous1
  • DEXMEDETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE in 0.9% sodium chloride injection, for intravenous use. (pharmacyhq.com)
Dexdomitor2
  • dexmedetomidine is the isomer with more useful effects, and is now marketed as Dexdomitor. (wikipedia.org)
  • 0.1 - Each mL of DEXDOMITOR contains 0.5 mg dexmedetomidine hydrochloride, 1.6 mg methylparaben (NF), 0.2 mg propylparaben (NF), 9.0 mg sodium chloride (USP), and water for injection (USP), q.s. (nih.gov)
Clinical1
Effects3
  • 1 Doppler echocardiographic effects of medetomidine on dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in cats. (vasg.org)
  • When drugs are used as adjuncts, decreasing the dose of each respective drug is important, so as to decrease the incidence of adverse effects. (medscape.com)
  • This study was performed to evaluate anaesthetic effects of variable infusion rates of propofol in beagle puppies premedicated with medetomidine. (vin.com)
Concentration1
  • For higher weight ranges, use DEXDOMITOR's higher concentration and its associated dosing chart. (nih.gov)
Infusion4
  • Blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen levels will be monitored both continuously during the infusion of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and as clinically appropriate after discontinuation. (pharmacyhq.com)
  • Administer dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection by continuous infusion not to exceed 24 hours. (pharmacyhq.com)
  • Administer dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection using a controlled infusion device. (pharmacyhq.com)
  • After medetomidine premedication (30ug/kg) and propofol induction (2 mg/kg), dogs were maintained with 0.2 mg/kg/min (P0.2), 0.4 mg/kg/min (P0.4), 0.6 mg/kg/min (P0.6), and 0.8 mg/kg/min (P0.8) of propofol infusion for 90 minutes. (vin.com)
Administration4
  • After the administration of dexmedetomidine (3 µg kg-1) intramuscularly, anaesthesia was induced with propofol (2-3 mg kg-1) IV, followed by acetaminophen administration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Due to the small volume of administration, accurate dosing is not possible in dogs weighing less than 2 kg (4.4 lb). (nih.gov)
  • Additionally, patients should be informed to report symptoms that may occur within 48 hours after the administration of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection such as: weakness, confusion, excessive sweating, weight loss, abdominal pain, salt cravings, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness or light-headedness. (pharmacyhq.com)
  • The 200 mcg/50mL and 400 mcg/100 mL single-dose GALAXY containers do not require further dilution prior to administration. (pharmacyhq.com)
Significantly2
  • When delivered intravenously, a significantly decreased dose is used. (wikipedia.org)
  • Propofol concentrations were increased in dose-dependent manner, and were significantly increased after 30 minutes in P0.6 and P0.8. (vin.com)
Combination1
Left1
Sold2
  • The free base form of medetomidine is sold as Selektope for use as an antifouling substance in marine paints. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using special feline and canine aerosol masks (sold separately) helps ensure that your pet receives the full dose of Flovent. (entirelypetspharmacy.com)
Minutes1
  • Dr. Mathews recommends repeating this dose in 30 minutes if the depression persists. (dvm360.com)
Patients3
  • These patients appear to beenfit from the inclusion of (dex)medetomidine. (vasg.org)
  • When dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection is infused for more than 6 hours, patients should be informed to report nervousness, agitation, and headaches that may occur for up to 48 hours. (pharmacyhq.com)
  • Monitoring: Continuously monitor patients while receiving dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection. (pharmacyhq.com)
Dogs1
Hydrochloride11
  • ANTISEDAN is indicated for the reversal of the sedative and analgesic effects of DEXDOMITOR (dexmedetomidine hydrochloride), and DOMITOR (medetomidine hydrochloride) in dogs. (nih.gov)
  • It is often used as the hydrochloride salt, medetomidine hydrochloride, a crystalline white solid. (wikipedia.org)
  • These highlights do not include all the information needed to use DEXMEDETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN 0.9 % SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION safely and effectively. (nih.gov)
  • Administer dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection by continuous infusion not to exceed 24 hours. (nih.gov)
  • Individualize and titrate dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection dosing to desired clinical effect. (nih.gov)
  • Administer dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection using a controlled infusion device. (nih.gov)
  • Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 200 mcg/50 mL (4 mcg/mL) in a glass vial. (nih.gov)
  • Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 400 mcg/100 mL (4 mcg/mL) in a glass vial. (nih.gov)
  • Monitoring: Continuously monitor patients while receiving dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection. (nih.gov)
  • Reduction in dosage of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in 0.9% sodium chloride injection or the concomitant medication may be required. (nih.gov)
  • Specificity of low dose fadrozole hydrochloride (CGS 16949A) as an aromatase inhibitor. (harvard.edu)
Administered intramuscularly1
  • Dissociative anaesthetics (ketamine, tiletamine) in combination with α -2 agonists (xylazine, medetomidine, dexmedetomidine) administered intramuscularly, and propofol or alfaxalone (3- α -hydroxy-5- α -pregnane-11,20-dione) administered intravenously have been reported as being used for effective sedation or anaesthesia in reptiles. (vin.com)
Sedation6
  • Results -Degrees of sedation and analgesia were significantly affected by dose level but not drug. (avma.org)
  • [ 46 ] Dexmedetomidine is approved for the sedation of mechanically ventilated adult patients for less than 24 hours and sedation of nonintubated patients during procedures. (medscape.com)
  • Dexmedetomidine has been studied in pediatric patients for many different therapeutic utilities, including procedural sedation (noninvasive and invasive), sedation during cardiac surgery, sedation prior to extubation, and the management of arrhythmias. (medscape.com)
  • Table 3 is a summary of the clinical trials that focus on the safety and utility of dexmedetomidine in pediatric cardiac patients for postoperative sedation. (medscape.com)
  • In the ICU, intravenous dexmedetomidine is dosed based on the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) or clinical sedative effect. (mhmedical.com)
  • To examine whether different alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtypes differentially mediate antinociception and sedation, we measured the relative potency of three alpha2-adrenergic agonists, dexmedetomidine (DMET), clonidine (CLON) and UK-14.304 (UK), after spinal and ICV administration. (nih.gov)
Analgesic1
  • Medetomidine is a synthetic drug used as both a surgical anesthetic and analgesic. (wikipedia.org)
Sodium chloride injection2
  • PRECEDEX in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 80 mcg/20 mL (4 mcg/mL) in a single-dose vial. (nih.gov)
  • PRECEDEX in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 200 mcg/50 mL, 400 mcg/100 mL, and 1,000 mcg/250 mL (4 mcg/mL) in single-dose glass bottles. (nih.gov)
Sedative effect1
  • Intrathecal delivery of the agonists alone resulted in a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect (ED50 (nmol): DMET = 1.2, UK = 1.7, CLON = 5.6) with little sedative effect at the lower doses. (nih.gov)
Anesthesia4
Propofol1
  • After the administration of dexmedetomidine (3 µg kg-1) intramuscularly, anaesthesia was induced with propofol (2-3 mg kg-1) IV, followed by acetaminophen administration. (bvsalud.org)
Infusions1
  • Many patients on continuous infusions of dexmedetomidine also exhibited bradycardia and hypotension, yet not all trials found these adverse effects to be clinically significant. (medscape.com)
Intramuscular1
  • The mean elimination half-life of dexmedetomidine is one and a half to 3 hours for intravenous administration and 5 to 6 hours for intramuscular administration. (mhmedical.com)
Myocardial infarction1
  • 2022. Novel protocol to establish the myocardial infarction model in rats using a combination of medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol (MMB) and atipamezole. (awionline.org)
Selective1
  • However, in general, dexmedetomidine has minimal alpha-1 activity at a ratio of about 1:1600 when compared to alpha-2 receptors and is considered highly selective for alpha-2. (mhmedical.com)
Injection3
  • The concentration of ANTISEDAN is formulated so that the volume of injection is the same (mL for mL) as the recommended dose of DEXDOMITOR or DOMITOR. (nih.gov)
  • PRECEDEX Injection, 200 mcg/2 mL (100 mcg/mL) in a single-dose vial. (nih.gov)
  • dose injection of sodium pentobarbital (iv 100 mg/kg). (nopainhanna.com)
Effectively1
  • The present data demonstrate that dexmedetomidine effectively prevents delayed neuronal death in CA3 area and in the dentate hilus in gerbil hippocampus when the management is started before the onset of ischemia and continued for 48 h after reperfusion. (silverchair.com)
Spinal1
  • Dexmedetomidine binds to the alpha-2a subset of receptors present in the brain (locus coeruleus) and spinal cord and has inhibitory effects, functioning through activated G-proteins to reduce levels of norepinephrine and adenosine triphosphate release. (mhmedical.com)
Compound1
  • 2022. Voluntary oral dosing for precise experimental compound delivery in adult rats. (awionline.org)
Single-dose1
  • The 80 mcg/20 mL single-dose vial, and 200 mcg/50 mL, 400 mcg/100 mL, and 1,000 mcg/250 mL single-dose bottles do not require further dilution prior to administration. (nih.gov)
Range2
  • After induction, blood pressure decreased below reference range and heart rate increased in dogs treated at the M0.4/D0.2 dose level, whereas blood pressure was preserved in dogs treated at the M40/D20 dose level. (avma.org)
  • Pharmacokinetics in adults (≈ 70 kg) demonstrates a twocompartment model and exhibits linear pharmacokinetics in the 0.2-0.7 μg/kg/hr dosing range. (medscape.com)
CAUTION1
  • The authors did not observe significant safety risks using the low quinidine dose, but urged caution and also pointed out that quinidine interacts with a large number of other medications in dangerous or unpredictable ways. (mdwiki.org)
Adverse1
  • Prolonged exposure to dexmedetomidine beyond 24 hours may be associated with tolerance and tachyphylaxis and a dose-related increase in adverse events. (nih.gov)
Anaesthesia1
  • The aim of this presentation is to inform practicing veterinarians about the protocol of easy introduction to inhalant anaesthesia with low dose of short-acting anaesthetic agent alfaxalone in terrapins and tortoises. (vin.com)
Body weight1
Animals1
  • Dexmedetomidine was administered subcutaneously in four different treatment paradigms (6-8 animals/group): 3 or 30 microg/kg 30 min before and thereafter at 3, 12, 24, and 48 h after the occlusion, or 3 or 30 microg/kg at 3, 12, 24, and 48 h after the occlusion. (silverchair.com)
Drug1
  • Multiple modalities allow for intervention at several different places of the nociceptive pathway, increasing effectiveness and minimizing the need for high or protracted doses of any one particular drug. (dvm360.com)
Lower1
  • however, infants younger than 2 years old exhibit a greater volume of distribution and longer terminal half-life, thus requiring larger initial doses but lower maintenance doses in this age group. (medscape.com)
Data1
  • These data suggest that maintenance doses should be reduced in this age group. (medscape.com)