1989). Oxytocin binding sites were also observed in the basal nucleus of Meynert, the nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca, the ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus, the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area, the posterior hypothalamic area, and variably in the globus pallidus and ventral pallidum. (shengsci.com)
[6] [7] Some neuronal subpopulations in the SN, such as the noradrenergic cell group A2 and the aldosterone -sensitive HSD2 neurons project as far ventral as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis . (wikipedia.org)
Here, we show that Nr2f1 and Nr2f2 genes are distinctively expressed in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, respectively. (elifesciences.org)
The rodent hippocampus can be divided into the dorsal and ventral domains, corresponding to the posterior and anterior hippocampus in humans, respectively. (elifesciences.org)
Single-cell analysis revealed stark differences in fluoxetine response between the dorsal and ventral hippocampal dentate gyri, particularly in oligodendrocytes, mossy cells and inhibitory neurons. (rna-seqblog.com)
On the other hand, the RNA expression levels of known Hb regional markers such as Tac1 (dorsal part of medial Hb), ChAT (ventral part of medial Hb), and Tacr1 (medial and lateral Hb) were all decreased in all Hb subnuclei in LPS-injected mice. (en-journal.org)
They lie ventral and medial to the dorsal vagal nucleus . (radiopaedia.org)
Both ventral and dorsal visual streams share connections with orbitofrontal cortical areas, including rich projections to and from the superior temporal pole, important for integration of spatial and object processing. (assignmentpoint.com)
Order Valium Next Day Delivery - theoij of the ventral spino-cerebellar tract of the dorsal nerves. (wildwoodclinic.com)
Review of neuroanatomy and function of each network in detail including the visual network, default mode network, salience network, executive function network (frontoparietal), dorsal and ventral attention networks, limbic network, somatic motor network. (uschirodirectory.com)
Lateral4
Conditioned stress-induced increases in the estimated activity of DA neurons were specific for DA neurons projecting to the central, basolateral and lateral amygdaloid nuclei, and for DA projections to the dorsal septal nucleus. (duke.edu)
Vasopressin binding sites were detected in the dorsal part of the lateral septal nucleus, in midline nuclei and adjacent intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, in the hilus of the dentate gyrus, the dorsolateral part of the basal amygdaloid nucleus and the brainstem. (shengsci.com)
Functionally, the nuclei can be divided dorsally and ventrally, and into medial and lateral components to achieve a musculotopic organization of the motor neurons within. (radiopaedia.org)
The anterior olfactory nucleus may be appearing between the fibers of the anterior commissure and the lateral olfactory tract. (braindevelopmentmaps.org)
Accumbens5
Remarkably, fluoxetine induced profound region-specific shifts in gene expression and chromatin state, including in the nucleus accumbens shell, locus coeruleus and septal areas, as well as in more well-studied regions such as the raphe and hippocampal dentate gyrus. (rna-seqblog.com)
Results from additional functional connectivity and neural pathway tracing analyses implicate the nucleus accumbens as a putative downstream target of vHP MCH1 receptor-expressing neurons. (nature.com)
Further research demonstrated that electroacupuncture- (EA) created analgesia was obstructed by microinjections of naloxone in to the preoptic region, septal region, nucleus accumbens, amygdale, caudate nucleus, periaqueductal greyish, as well as the nucleus raphe magnus (He, 1987). (gasyblog.com)
Dynamic interaction between medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens as a function of both motivational state and reinforcer magnitude: a c-Fos immunocytochemistry study. (tamu.edu)
Evidence for elevated nicotine-induced structural plasticity in nucleus accumbens of adolescent rats. (tamu.edu)
Neurons6
Stereotaxic injection of 1.3 ng toxin into the left dorsal hippocampus resulted in loss of cholinergic neurons in the ipsilateral medial septal nucleus, where cell bodies of neurons providing cholinergic input to the hippocampus are located. (unibo.it)
Like in tetrapods, medial amygdaloid (MeA) nuclei are defined by the presence of substance P immunoreactive fibers and calretinin-positive neurons, whereas central amygdaloid (CeA) nuclei lack these characteristics. (frontiersin.org)
The nuclei contain large motor neurons and myelinated fibers of the hypoglossal nerve, innervating the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles , excluding palatoglossus 1,2 which is innervated by the vagus nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
GABAergic miniature postsynaptic currents in septal neurons show differential allosteric sensitivity after binge-like ethanol exposure. (tamu.edu)
Critically timed ethanol exposure reduces GABAAR function on septal neurons developing in vivo but not in vitro. (tamu.edu)
Hippocampus3
The dorsal hippocampus, which connects and shares similar gene expression with the neocortex ( Fanselow and Dong, 2010 ), serves the 'cold' cognitive function associated with declarative memory and spatial navigation. (elifesciences.org)
The medial part is most strongly connected with the hippocampus and associated areas of the cingulate, retrosplenial and entorhinal cortices, anterior thalamus and septal diagonal band. (assignmentpoint.com)
Jacobs, Russell E. Year: 2007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.010 PMCID: PMC2074885 Connections from hippocampus to septal nuclei have been implicated in memory loss and the cognitive impairment in Down syndrome (DS). (caltech.edu)
Thalamus3
The afferent pathways reach the habenular nuclei via the medullary stria of the thalamus ( A2 ). (brainkart.com)
It is defined as the part of the prefrontal cortex that receives projections from the magnocellular, medial nucleus of the mediodorsal thalamus, and is thought to represent emotion and reward in decision making. (assignmentpoint.com)
Integrating these components with specific thalamic nuclei, specific cerebellar connections to the thalamus, basal ganglia, cortex and prefrontal cortex. (uschirodirectory.com)
Brainstem5
The solitary nucleus (also called nucleus of the solitary tract , nucleus solitarius, or nucleus tractus solitarii (SN or NTS) ) [1] [2] is a series of sensory nuclei (clusters of nerve cell bodies) forming a vertical column of grey matter in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
The solitary nucleus projects to a large number of other regions of the brain including the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus , the central nucleus of the amygdala , as well as other nuclei in the brainstem (such as the parabrachial area , locus coeruleus , dorsal raphe nucleus , and other visceral motor or respiratory networks). (wikipedia.org)
Other nuclei, however, are long and span several regions of the brainstem contributing to several cranial nerves. (radiopaedia.org)
Several motor and sensory nuclei form longitudinal columns in the brainstem, leading to some authors describing them as single discontinuous longitudinal nuclear columns rather than the more numerous individual separate nuclei. (radiopaedia.org)
Extensive interconnections exist between many of these nuclei, as well as with other brainstem nuclei and white matter tracts, such as the medial lemniscus and medial longitudinal fasciculus . (radiopaedia.org)
Cranial nerves1
The cranial nerve nuclei are a series of bilateral grey matter motor and sensory nuclei located in the midbrain , pons and medulla that are the collections of afferent and efferent cell bodies for many of the cranial nerves . (radiopaedia.org)
Stria2
The epithalamus includes the habenula (with habenular nuclei, habenular commis-sure, and medullary stria), the pineal gland,and the epithalamic commissure (posteriorcommissure). (brainkart.com)
The hypoglossal nuclei are located within the tegmentum of upper medulla close to the midline, lying deep to the hypoglossal trigone , or hypoglossal triangle, which is the medial eminence of the floor of the fourth ventricle , inferior to the stria medullaris 1 . (radiopaedia.org)
Medulla oblongata2
The nucleus solitarius is a series of purely sensory nuclei forming a vertical column of grey matter embedded within the medulla oblongata . (wikipedia.org)
The hypoglossal nuclei , exist as paired nuclei within the medulla oblongata that provide motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (excluding palatoglossus) via the hypoglossal nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
Hypoglossal nucleus receives1
The hypoglossal nucleus receives corticonuclear fibers , from the precentral gyrus and adjoining areas from both the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral hemispheres, however primarily from the latter 1 . (radiopaedia.org)
Fibers4
It contains fibers from the septal nuclei ( A3 ), the anterior perforated substance (ol-factory area) ( A4 ), and the preoptic region ( A5 ). (brainkart.com)
The rhythm of day and night is transmitted to the pineal gland through the following route: via retinal fibers to the su-prachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus, then via efferent hypothalamic fibers to the interme-diolateral nucleus. (brainkart.com)
From the various pretectal nuclei that send fibers through the commissure, the intersti-tial nucleus of Cajal and Darkshevich's nu-cleus are the most important ones. (brainkart.com)
Fibers pass anteriorly between the inferior olivary nucleus and pyramid and exit the medulla as the hypoglossal nerve between the pyramid and olive. (radiopaedia.org)
Basal ganglia1
Network architecture of the cerebral nuclei (basal ganglia) association and commissural connectome. (neurotree.org)
Swanson LW , Hahn JD , Jeub LGS, Fortunato S, Sporns O . Subsystem organization of axonal connections within and between the right and left cerebral cortex and cerebral nuclei (endbrain). (neurotree.org)
Telencephalon2
The dorsal telencephalon (i.e. the pallium) exhibits high anatomical diversity across vertebrate classes. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we analyzed the structure and epigenetic landscapes of cell lineages in the telencephalon of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) that possesses a clearly delineated dorsal pallium (Dd2). (bvsalud.org)
Olfactory3
The habenula ( A1 ) with its af-ferent and efferent pathways forms a relay system in which olfactory impulses are transmitted to efferent (salivatory and motor) nuclei of the brain stem. (brainkart.com)
The habenulotegmental tract ( A9 ) terminates in the dorsal tegmental nucleus ( A10 ), from where there is a link to the posterior longi-tudinal fasciculus with connec-tions to the salivatory and motor nuclei of the masticatory and deglutitory muscles (olfactory stimuli leading to secretion of saliva and gastric juice). (brainkart.com)
Figure 67 is the dorsal horizontal slice through the olfactory bulb in an E17 specimen. (braindevelopmentmaps.org)
Projections1
Given the role of the component nuclei of the amygdaloid complex in conditioned associations, stress responses and the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines, we hypothesized that particular mesoamygdaloid DA projections might be especially sensitive to the effects of conditioned stress and to diazepam (DZ). (duke.edu)
The habenulo-inter-peduncular tract , Meynert's bundle ( A11 ), ter-minates in the interpeduncular nucleus ( A12 ) which is connected to various nuclei of the reticular formation. (brainkart.com)
Trigeminal1
[6] Signals from muscle spindles on the tongue travel through the hypoglossal nerve, moving onto the lingual nerve which synapses on the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus . (iiab.me)
Brain3
Enlarged ventricles and septal abnormalities were also features of the mutant mouse brain. (jneurosci.org)
We mapped the effect of a conditioned stressor on the concentration of the DA metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) in distinct amygdaloid nuclei and other brain nuclei and areas and the effect of DZ (1 or 3 mg/kg) on the conditioned response in drug-experienced subjects. (duke.edu)
The rootlets of the hypoglossal nerve arise from the hypoglossal nucleus near the bottom of the brain stem . (iiab.me)
Inhibits1
Analyses of the molecular pathophysiology using the primary cells from the Tmem53 -/- mice and the TMEM53 knock-out cell lines indicates that TMEM53 inhibits BMP signaling in osteoblast lineage cells by blocking cytoplasm-nucleus translocation of BMP2-activated Smad proteins. (nature.com)
Genes1
Binding of BMP2/4 to their receptors initiates the signal transduction cascade by inducing phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/9, which can then form hetero-complexes with SMAD4 followed by translocation into the nucleus to upregulate osteogenesis-related genes. (nature.com)
Deficiency2
The deficiency of Nr2f1 leads to the failed specification of dorsal CA1, among which there are place cells. (elifesciences.org)
We show that TMEM53 acts as an inhibitor of BMP-SMAD signaling by preventing SMAD accumulation in the cell nucleus and that its deficiency enhances osteogenic differentiation by overactivating the BMP signaling pathway. (nature.com)
Motor1
Some nuclei are small and contribute to a single cranial nerve, such as some of the motor nuclei. (radiopaedia.org)