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Dopamine AntagonistsReceptors, DopamineSulpirideBenzazepinesHaloperidolReceptors, Dopamine D1Dopaminergic NeuronsDopamineMesencephalonSubstantia NigraTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseReceptors, Dopamine D2Corpus StriatumDopamine AgentsParkinson DiseaseDopamine AgonistsOxidopamineNeuronsRats, Sprague-Dawley1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridineDopamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsParkinsonian DisordersHormone AntagonistsDose-Response Relationship, DrugExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsMPTP PoisoningNarcotic AntagonistsNeurokinin-1 Receptor AntagonistsLevodopaApomorphineHistamine H2 Antagonists3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic AcidParkinson Disease, SecondaryMuscarinic AntagonistsInterleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridiniumVentral Tegmental AreaGABA AntagonistsRats, WistarPiperidinesBehavior, AnimalNicotinic AntagonistsQuinpiroleAdenosine A2 Receptor AntagonistsPurinergic P1 Receptor AntagonistsNeostriatumHistamine H1 AntagonistsMotor ActivityBrainNuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor AntagonistsHistamine Antagonistsalpha-SynucleinReceptors, Dopamine D3Homovanillic Acid2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepineSerotoninAntiparkinson AgentsAdrenergic AgentsPurinergic P2 Receptor AntagonistsSalicylamidesDisease Models, AnimalMice, Inbred C57BLSerotonin 5-HT3 Receptor AntagonistsAmphetamineNerve DegenerationSerotonin 5-HT2 Receptor AntagonistsAdenosine A1 Receptor AntagonistsNucleus AccumbensAdrenergic alpha-2 Receptor AntagonistsCells, CulturedAdrenergic AntagonistsDomperidoneRacloprideAdrenergic alpha-AntagonistsGABA-A Receptor AntagonistsBromocriptineReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateLeukotriene AntagonistsTime FactorsSynaptic TransmissionReceptors, SerotoninAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsNeurotoxinsTegmentum MesencephaliDopamine Uptake InhibitorsDrug InteractionsMethamphetamineNeuroprotective AgentsVesicular Monoamine Transport ProteinsRadioligand AssayDihydroxyphenylalanineMicrodialysisAnalysis of VarianceNerve Tissue ProteinsReceptors, Dopamine D4FlupenthixolCocaineTropanesReward
NeuronsDopamine AntagonistsAgonistsGlutamatergicSerotonergicPartial agonistSerotoninMuscarinic antagonistOpioidBasal gangliaAdrenergicNMDANigrostriatal pathwayPathwayStriatumHaloperidolReceptorsSubstancesDysfunctionPathwaysOndansetronNeurotransmissionCholinergicReceptor systemsDopacProjectionsVentralAlterationsAdditionallySchizophreniaEffectsTreatmentsSystemBrainLocallyActivitySystemsBlocksCell
Neurons10
  • Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which normally provide dopaminergic input to the caudate nucleus and putamen (neostriatum). (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we expressed the light-activated cation channel Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in genetically defined midbrain dopamine neurons to stimulate exocytosis specifically from dopaminergic terminals in both the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and dorsal striatum of brain slices from adult mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • We therefore used a multifaceted strategy, combining optogenetics and conditional gene disruption to selectively stimulate dopaminergic terminals while recording postsynaptic currents from medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in either the ventral or dorsal striatum of control or conditional knock-out mice lacking VGLUT2 specifically in dopamine neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Decreased dopaminergic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in anterior cingulate cortex maintains chronic neuropathic pain. (iasp-pain.org)
  • 2 Levodopa enters dopaminergic neurons where it is metabolised to dopamine, replacing the depleted endogenous neurotransmitter. (bmj.com)
  • these would cause damage to surviving dopaminergic neurons and potentially exacerbate the disease. (bmj.com)
  • By suppressing endogenous dopamine release it is also conceivable that they may protect dopaminergic neurons from injury, a theoretical concern if high concentrations of exogenous dopamine are present. (bmj.com)
  • Dopaminergic pathways, sometimes called dopaminergic projections, are the sets of projection neurons in the brain that synthesize and release the neurotransmitter dopamine. (netlify.app)
  • It is present in axons and terminals of a subpopulation of dopaminergic neurons acid (dopac) and the rat mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway: drug effects and The most prominent dopamine pathways originate in the midbrain. (netlify.app)
  • The development, function and survival of these dopaminergic neurons are under the av M Sato · 2002 · Citerat av 204 - two parallel pathways (direct and indirect) from the CD to the. (netlify.app)
Dopamine Antagonists1
Agonists7
  • Stimulus properties of dopaminergic drugs: comparisons involving selective agonists and antagonists. (utmb.edu)
  • Postsynaptic and DA "autoreceptor" agonists [apomorphine, (-) 3-PPP], as well as dopaminergic ergot derivatives (bromocriptine, lergotrile, lisuride) and Sch 23390, substituted for Ly 171555, a partial ergoline which has behavioral effects that are blocked by haloperidol and molindone, but not by either Sch 23390 or serotonin (5-HT) antagonists (ketanserin, pizotifen). (utmb.edu)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Stimulus properties of dopaminergic drugs: comparisons involving selective agonists and antagonists. (utmb.edu)
  • We then tested a large number of agonists and antagonists belonging to distinct pharmacological classes in these animals. (erowid.org)
  • Agonists of these receptors stabilize the active conformation, whereas antagonists stabilize the inactive conformation. (hindawi.com)
  • The effects of a number of dopaminergic agonists and antagonists upon the soma of a prothoracic inhibitory motoneurone of the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) have been recorded under voltage-clamp conditions. (silverchair.com)
  • The dopaminergic agonists apomorphine, bromocryptine, ergometrine and A-6,7-DTN mimic the action of dopamine on this neurone, all having a similar voltage-dependence to that of dopamine. (silverchair.com)
Glutamatergic3
  • Ketamine is a noncompetitive antagonist at the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor that is used in human and animal medicine as an injectable anesthetic. (erowid.org)
  • 3-8 These immune-inflammatory alterations impact dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and cholinergic neurotransmission, which in turn are linked to the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms noted in schizophrenia. (psychiatrist.com)
  • A model of basal ganglia circuitry includes cortical-striato-pallido-thalamic-cortical loops with primary input into striatum (putamen and caudate) from cortical glutamatergic, thalamostriatal glutamatergic, and nigral dopaminergic projections. (netlify.app)
Serotonergic2
  • It is hypothesized that the partial agonist and antagonist activities of brexpiprazole at multiple serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic receptor systems may have a therapeutic benefit" in AD-related agitation, they write. (medscape.com)
  • The serotonergic, dopaminergic, and especially the noradrenergic systems are believed to be involved in PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) symptomatology with re-experiencing, Negative cognition and mood, Avoidance and Arousal. (lundbeck.com)
Partial agonist3
Serotonin1
Muscarinic antagonist3
  • Drugs with muscarinic antagonist activity are widely used in medicine, in the treatment of low heart rate, overactive bladder, respiratory problems such as asthma and COPD, and neurological problems such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • A number of other drugs, such as antipsychotics and the tricyclic family of antidepressants, have incidental muscarinic antagonist activity which can cause unwanted side effects such as difficulty urinating, dry mouth and skin, and constipation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Muscarinic antagonist effects and muscarinic agonist effects counterbalance each other for homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
Opioid3
  • Such effect was completely reversed both by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and by the unselective muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine. (researchgate.net)
  • Considering co-occurring disorders may be particularly important when devising a treatment plan for GD: extant data suggest that the opioid antagonist naltrexone may by the most effective form of current pharmacotherapy for GD, particularly for individuals with a co-occurring substance-use disorder (SUD) or with a family history of alcoholism. (springer.com)
  • Given the similarities between GD and other addictive disorders, many trials have focused on FDA-approved treatments for substance-use disorders (e.g., opioid antagonists). (springer.com)
Basal ganglia2
Adrenergic1
  • But the agent does not have activity at adrenergic, dopaminergic, histaminergic, or muscarinic receptors. (medpagetoday.com)
NMDA2
  • Since we believe that hypoglutamatergia is a key element in both schizophrenia and autism we used mice rendered hypoglutamatergic by treatment with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist MK-801. (nih.gov)
  • Animal studies indicate that the prefrontal dopaminergic system is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of repeated administration of NMDA antagonists. (erowid.org)
Nigrostriatal pathway3
  • In parkinsonism, there is imbalance between levels of acetylcholine and dopamine in the brain, involving both increased levels of acetylcholine and degeneration of dopaminergic pathways (nigrostriatal pathway). (wikipedia.org)
  • Evidence shows that dopamine first evolved as a neurotransmitter for movement, implicating the nigrostriatal pathway as the most ancestral of the four dopaminergic pathways. (netlify.app)
  • There are four major dopaminergic pathways in the brain: the nigrostriatal pathway, the mesolimbic tract, the mesocortical tract, and the tuberoinfundibular pathway. (netlify.app)
Pathway2
  • A well characterized animal model of Parkinson's disease is the unilateral destruction of the dopaminergic pathway in rats by administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) ( Ungerstedt and Arbuthnott, 1970 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • 2018-02-23 Rotational behavior of rats bearing unilateral 6-OHDA lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway after amphetamine challenge (5 mg/kg, i.p.) before (stipled bars) and 6 weeks after (cross-hatched bars) micrografting of fetal dopaminergic cells into either the striatum or nigra (single grafts) and micrografting into both the striatum and nigra (double grafts). (netlify.app)
Striatum3
  • Furthermore, the pretreatment with TrkB antagonist ANA-12 significantly blocked the neuroprotective effects of (R)-ketamine in the MPTP-induced reduction of DAT in the striatum. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Current drug therapy in Parkinson's disease is symptomatic and primarily aimed at restoring dopaminergic function in the striatum. (bmj.com)
  • The dopamine D3- and autoreceptor preferring antagonists (+)-AJ76 and (+)-UH232 were administered locally in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens. (nih.gov)
Haloperidol1
  • During substitution tests, no dose of any compound [apomorphine, Ly 171555, lisuride, LSD, amphetamine, cocaine, (-) 3-PPP, or SKF 82526] mimicked SKF 38393, the effects of which were blocked by the D1 antagonist Sch 23390 but not by haloperidol. (utmb.edu)
Receptors4
  • In order to determine whether signaling at the central ghrelin receptors is necessary for maintenance of normal levels of impulsive behavior, DRL performance was assessed following ghrelin receptor blockade with central infusion of a ghrelin receptor antagonist. (nature.com)
  • Responses to dopamine were suppressed by a number of D-l and D-2 receptor antagonists, indicating that the pharmacological profile of the dopaminesensitive receptor in this insect preparation is different from that of vertebrate dopamine receptors. (silverchair.com)
  • AJ76 and (+)-UH232 but not raclopride seem to interact primarily with dopamine receptors in the terminal regions of the A9 and A10 dopaminergic fibers to exert their maximal effect on dopamine release in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • Though the dopamine receptor antagonist-induced effects on dopamine release seem to be mediated mainly by dopamine receptors in the terminal areas, the effects on DOPAC by the different antagonists seem to be mediated mainly via effects elsewhere, presumably at the somatodendritic autoreceptors. (nih.gov)
Substances1
  • Dopaminergic substances or actions increase dopamine-related activity in the brain. (netlify.app)
Dysfunction1
  • Dopaminergic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, mood disorders, attention-deficit disorder, Tourette's syndrome, substance dependency, tardive dyskinesia, Parkinson's disease and other disorders. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Pathways7
  • Once a neuron is revealed, the neuron will need to be matured before it can be … Dopaminergic Pathways. (netlify.app)
  • 2009-03-26 2017-09-25 The main dopaminergic pathways of the human brain. (netlify.app)
  • Dopaminergic function in cannabis users and its relationship to Stages and pathways of drug involvement: examining the gateway hypothesis. (netlify.app)
  • Cyanide and central nervous system : a study with focus on brain dopamine of cyanide, in particular, the effects on dopaminergic pathways were studied. (netlify.app)
  • Dopaminergic brain pathways facilitate dopamine-related activity. (netlify.app)
  • There are four dopaminergic pathways. (netlify.app)
  • Sammanfattning: The early development of dopaminergic pathways has been attributed importance for the aetiology of schizophrenia. (netlify.app)
Ondansetron2
  • The newer antiemetics used for the prevention and treatment of PONV are 5HT 3 receptor antagonists (ondansetron, granisetron, tropisetron, dolasetron) are devoid of these side effects. (ispub.com)
  • The use of these 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists have been shown to improve patients' satisfaction, decrease recovery and discharge times and reduced an unanticipated hospital admission especially when they are used prophylactically 25 26 .This prospective, randomized, double blind placebo controlled study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of granisetron and ondansetron in prevention PONV in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgeries. (ispub.com)
Neurotransmission1
  • Research on dopaminergic neurotransmission has remained highly dynamic over the years and been extremely important in shaping our understanding of how the brain works in health and disease. (lu.se)
Cholinergic1
  • One method of balancing the neurotransmitters is through blocking central cholinergic activity using muscarinic receptor antagonists. (wikipedia.org)
Receptor systems1
  • Slower G-protein-linked receptor systems, as seen in the dopaminergic system, work through second-messenger systems, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and have a longer duration of action. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Dopac1
  • Thus, it is suggested that the regulation of extracellular dopamine and DOPAC after treatment with dopamine receptor antagonists are subjected to different control mechanisms. (nih.gov)
Projections1
Ventral1
  • To further investigate the neurobiological substrate underlying the impulsivity effect of ghrelin, we microinjected ghrelin into the ventral tegmental area, an area harboring dopaminergic cell bodies. (nature.com)
Alterations1
  • A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease. (bvsalud.org)
Additionally1
  • Pimavanserin works as a potent 5-hydroxytryptamine2A (5-HT 2A ) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, which additionally has activity as a 5-HT 2C antagonist/inverse agonist. (medpagetoday.com)
Schizophrenia1
  • In the present study one of these dopaminergic stabilisers, ACR16, was tested in a mouse model for cognitive deficits of schizophrenia and autism. (nih.gov)
Effects1
  • The results reported here support and extend our previous conclusion that the delayed temporal effects of LSD are mediated by activation of a dopaminergic system. (erowid.org)
Treatments1
System4
  • The muscarinic receptor is a protein involved in the transmission of signals through certain parts of the nervous system, and muscarinic receptor antagonists work to prevent this transmission from occurring. (wikipedia.org)
  • Notably, muscarinic antagonists reduce the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • These data suggest that the repeated use of ketamine for recreational purposes affects prefrontal dopaminergic transmission, a system critically involved in working memory and executive function. (erowid.org)
  • 2011. Public domain Dopaminergic system and reward processing. (netlify.app)
Brain1
  • It also highlights the status of the agonist and antagonist of brain RAS in the treatment of various neurological disorders. (hindawi.com)
Locally1
  • Changing the relative number of dopaminergic and GABAergic AOB interneurons or locally introducing DA or GABA receptor antagonists alters kinship preference. (escholarship.org)
Activity1
  • A muscarinic receptor antagonist (MRA) is a type of anticholinergic agent that blocks the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Systems1
  • Muscarinic antagonists counter this parasympathetic "rest-and-digest" response, and also work elsewhere in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. (wikipedia.org)
Blocks1
  • Moreover, microinjection of a selective D1R agonist in the ACC relieves the aversiveness of ongoing neuropathic pain, while an ACC D1R antagonist blocks gabapentin- and lidocaine-evoked antinociception. (iasp-pain.org)
Cell1
  • The cell-free media from MWCNT-polarized macrophages induced the migration of neutrophilic cells (differentiated from HL-60), which was blocked by Acebilustat, a specific leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor, or LY239111, an LTB4 receptor antagonist, but not NS-398, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, revealing LTB4 as a major mediator of neutrophil chemotaxis from MWCNT-polarized macrophages. (cdc.gov)