Filter...

AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care

Select a category...

Dopaminergic NeuronsDopamineMesencephalonSubstantia NigraTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseReceptors, DopamineParkinson DiseaseCorpus StriatumDopamine AgentsOxidopamineReceptors, Dopamine D2Dopamine AgonistsDopamine Antagonists1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridineNeuronsDopamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsParkinsonian DisordersMPTP PoisoningReceptors, Dopamine D1Levodopa3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic AcidParkinson Disease, Secondary1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridiniumApomorphineVentral Tegmental AreaSulpirideNuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2alpha-SynucleinBenzazepinesNeostriatumQuinpiroleHomovanillic AcidHaloperidolRats, Sprague-DawleyAntiparkinson AgentsNerve DegenerationBrainAdrenergic AgentsBehavior, AnimalMotor ActivityAmphetamine2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepineVesicular Monoamine Transport ProteinsDihydroxyphenylalanineBromocriptineReceptors, Dopamine D3Tegmentum MesencephaliMice, Inbred C57BLNucleus AccumbensRacloprideMethamphetamineSalicylamidesRotenoneNeurotoxinsNerve Tissue ProteinsCaudate NucleusDose-Response Relationship, DrugDopamine Uptake InhibitorsDisease Models, AnimalDomperidoneRewardPutamenBasal GangliaParaquatReceptors, Dopamine D4Neuroprotective AgentsSerotoninTime FactorsCocaineFlupenthixolImmunohistochemistryLimbic SystemDiencephalonNeural PathwaysAnalysis of VarianceMicrodialysisRats, WistarCells, CulturedNomifensineGlial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic FactorStereotyped BehaviorTropanesDopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32Synaptic TransmissionMice, KnockoutCell DeathErgolinesBrain Tissue TransplantationPrefrontal CortexSpiperonePiribedilCatechol O-MethyltransferaseMicrogliaMedial Forebrain BundleHydroxydopaminesCell CountDextroamphetaminealpha-MethyltyrosineCatalepsySynucleins

NeuronsStimulationPathwaysSubstantia nigraDysfunctionStriatumAgonistsMPTPPretreatmentStriatalNeurotoxicitySymptomsAmphetamineReceptorsStimulateCellsAnxiolyticHaloperidolInhibitionSerotoninSerotonergicEffectsRatsParkinson'sLossInteractsTumorSystemLesionsMechanismsClinicalBrain that producesResultsMDMAExposureCellSituationsGeneticActivityTherapy

Neurons39

• Each pathway is a set of projection neurons, consisting of individual dopaminergic neurons. (wikipedia.org)
• The dopamine neurons of the dopaminergic pathways synthesize and release the neurotransmitter dopamine. (wikipedia.org)
• These enzymes are both produced in the cell bodies of dopamine neurons. (wikipedia.org)
• The transmission of dopaminergic neurons to the dorsal striatum particularly plays a role in reward and motivation while movement is influenced by the transmission of dopaminergic neurons to the substantia nigra. (wikipedia.org)
• Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. (medgadget.com)
• Cellular therapies that aim to restore lost dopaminergic neurons hold promise for slowing the progression of Parkinson's. (medgadget.com)
• Researchers from Lund University in Sweden have published an article in Cell Stem Cell describing the generation of functional dopaminergic neurons from human embryonic stem cells. (medgadget.com)
• Led by Prof. Malin Parmar, the team differentiated dopaminergic neurons from human embryonic stem cells in culture, then transplanted them into the brains of rats that were modeled to exhibit the symptoms of Parkinson's. (medgadget.com)
• Prof. Parmar and colleagues showed that following transplantation, the embryonic stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons exhibited the functional characteristics of native dopaminergic neurons, including dopamine production as well as long distance extension and connection with target regions in the brain. (medgadget.com)
• Unlike fetal stem cells, which have been previously used to create dopaminergic neurons, embryonic stem cells (from existing stem cell lines) offer an abundant, readily accessible supply of cells. (medgadget.com)
• In addition to the primary disease-defining symptoms that result from extensive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, approximately half of patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) suffer from postural instability, impairments in gait control and a propensity for falls. (atsbio.com)
• The results indicated that rats with losses of PPN and BF cholinergic neurons and striatal dopaminergic inputs fell frequently from the rods (Fig. 1), and that these falls were associated with relatively slow traversal speed and high rate of slips. (atsbio.com)
• Parkinson's disease results from a loss of dopaminergic neurons in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• These neurons are specialized cells that produce dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps nerves communicate. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by an increasing loss of dopaminergic neurons resulting in motor dysfunction. (unboundmedicine.com)
• The directed expression of alpha-synuclein , a gene contributing to inherited forms of Parkinson disease (PD), in the dopaminergic neurons (DA) of flies provides a robust model of PD complete with the loss of neurons and accompanying motor defects. (sdbonline.org)
• This study altered the expression of Buffy in the dopamine producing neurons and in the developing neuron-rich eye, with and without the expression of alpha-synuclein. (sdbonline.org)
• To alter the expression of Buffy in the dopaminergic neurons of Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
• The directed expression of Buffy in the dopamine producing neurons, via aDdc-Gal4 transgene, resulted in flies with increased climbing ability and enhanced survival, while the inhibition of Buffy in the dopaminergic neurons reduced climbing ability over time prematurely, similar to the phenotype observed in the alpha-synuclein-induced Drosophila model of PD. (sdbonline.org)
• It is concluded that the inhibition of Buffy in DA neurons produces a novel model of PD in Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
• The expression of human α-synuclein transgene in neuronal populations that include dopamine producing neurons under the control of Ddc -Gal4 produces a robust Parkinson disease model, and results in severely reduced lifespan and locomotor dysfunction. (sdbonline.org)
• It is associated with prominent death of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, and the mainstays of treatment are dopaminergic therapies. (uhnresearch.ca)
• Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects predominately dopamine-producing ("dopaminergic") neurons in a specific area of the brain called substantia nigra. (interimhealthcare.com)
• Here, we report that GABAergic (GABA) and dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are activated with different temporal patterns during acute and chronic itch. (iasp-pain.org)
• These symptoms are the results of insufficient formation and action of dopamine, which is produced in the dopaminergic neurons of the brain . (healthengine.com.au)
• As the disease progresses, there is increasing loss of neurons in the part of the brain that produces dopamine - the substantia nigra. (healthengine.com.au)
• PD progresses due to the death of dopaminergic neurons (i.e., brain cells that synthesize the neurotransmitter dopamine), partially due to the development of Lewy bodies. (mindbodygreen.com)
• Researchers from the Brain Sciences review hypothesize that vitamin D not only helps protect against neurodegeneration but that its depletion is "responsible for the death of dopaminergic neurons" as well. (mindbodygreen.com)
• Scientists believe the causes of Parkinson's disease center around what are called dopaminergic neurons. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• With genetically engineered mice, the team captured the genetic messages being translated into proteins in dopaminergic neurons in the mice's midbrain region. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• While the dopamine-producing neurons of the SNpc are the ones most affected by Parkinson's disease, there is another group of dopamine-producing neurons in another region called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that is less affected. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• The team found that the two proteins SATB1 and ZDHHC2 are more abundant in the dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc than in the VTA. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• P arkinson's disease, an age related neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta of the mid brain and projecting neurons in striatum. (hilarispublisher.com)
• Several academic and industry efforts are well under owned subsidiary Cyto Therapeutics, it had received way to produce dopaminergic neurons from stem approval by the Australian government to conduct a cells under conditions compliant with use in patients. (lu.se)
• Without this, the patient cells lost in PD could be replaced by grafted community is left trying to interpret complex scien- immature human dopaminergic neurons [3, 5]. (lu.se)
• Due to mechanisms that are still insufficiently understood, the specific degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta leads to resting tremor, bradykinesia, and gait- and balance deficits. (lu.se)
• Because of this local degeneration of a relatively small population of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, PD has been considered an especially interesting candidate for cell-replacement therapy. (lu.se)
• First, we utilized single cell sequencing to dissect the differentiation of stem cells to midbrain dopaminergic neurons. (lu.se)
• The first part of the thesis (Paper I, II, III) shows the development and improvement of a hESC-based system of for virus-mediated direct reprogramming of human glial progenitor cells into both induced dopaminergic neurons (iDANs) and GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)

Stimulation6

• The highly selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, MDL 100,907, was used to explore the role of serotonin in the stimulation of dopaminergic function produced by the amphetamine analogue 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). (erowid.org)
• We here report that Cdk5 with Tyr15 phosphorylation (Cdk5-pTyr15) is enriched in the mouse striatum, where dopaminergic stimulation inhibited phosphorylation of Tyr15-Cdk5 by acting through the D2 class dopamine receptors. (frontiersin.org)
• Amphetamines are a group of structurally related compounds that produce central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) stimulation. (medscape.com)
• The competitive NMDA antagonist D-CPPene produced locomotor stimulation as well, but in contrast to following dizocilpine treatment levels of 3-MT decreased. (eurekamag.com)
• Thus the stimulation of locomotor activity following D-CPPene treatment does not seem to be mediated through activation of central dopaminergic systems. (eurekamag.com)
• Higher doses produce cardiac stimulation and vasoconstriction. (medscape.com)

Pathways8

• Dopaminergic pathways (dopamine pathways, dopaminergic projections) in the human brain are involved in both physiological and behavioral processes including movement, cognition, executive functions, reward, motivation, and neuroendocrine control. (wikipedia.org)
• The four major dopaminergic pathways are the mesolimbic pathway, the mesocortical pathway, the nigrostriatal pathway, and the tuberoinfundibular pathway. (wikipedia.org)
• Two other dopaminergic pathways to be considered are the hypothalamospinal tract and the incertohypothalamic pathway. (wikipedia.org)
• Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), substance use disorders (addiction), and restless legs syndrome (RLS) can be attributed to dysfunction in specific dopaminergic pathways. (wikipedia.org)
• Six of the dopaminergic pathways are listed below. (wikipedia.org)
• The dopaminergic pathways that project from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) into the striatum (i.e., the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic pathways, respectively) form one component of a sequence of pathways known as the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop. (wikipedia.org)
• Of interest, our group has provided pharmacological and biochemical evidence on the potential antidepressant effects of the product Catuama and also for the T. catigua hydroalcoholic extract in rodents, by mechanisms primarily involving the activation of dopaminergic pathways [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Therefore, such a population can provide useful information about the relationship between gene polymorphisms in dopaminergic synaptic pathways and ADHD . (bvsalud.org)

Substantia nigra1

• The motor symptoms are attributed to dopaminergic cell loss within the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta, resulting in subsequent dysfunction of the basal ganglia, a cluster of deep nuclei that participate in the initiation and execution of movements [ 3 ]. (nature.com)

Dysfunction2

• Dopaminergic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, mood disorders, attention-deficit disorder, Tourette's syndrome, substance dependency, tardive dyskinesia, Parkinson's disease and other disorders. (psychiatrictimes.com)
• However, a GLE-induced loss/dysfunction of DA ACs during development could increase the number of rods and bipolar cells since DA helps regulate neuronal proliferation, whereas during adulthood it could produce ERG supernormality as well as altered circadian rhythms, dark/light adaptation and spatial contrast sensitivity. (cdc.gov)

Striatum1

• MPTP treatment of C57BL/6N mice produced a profound decrease in dopamine levels, dopamine transporter binding and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the striatum. (unboundmedicine.com)

Agonists2

• The phenylethylamine structure of amphetamines (see the image below) is similar to catecholaminergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic agonists (biogenic amines), which may explain their actions. (medscape.com)
• Treatment includes correction of any endocrinopathy and surgery, radiation therapy, and dopaminergic agonists. (merckmanuals.com)

MPTP4

• The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of an MPTP-induced dopaminergic lesion in mice on social odor recognition (SOR) memory. (unboundmedicine.com)
• Changes in the dopaminergic system parallel those observed in SOR with MPTP treatment impairing recognition memory in the absence of a deficit in odor discrimination during learning. (unboundmedicine.com)
• 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity and behavioral impairment in rodents. (researchgate.net)
• It has been reported previously that EGb761 prevents dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MPTP. (researchgate.net)

Pretreatment3

• These impairments in stratial dopaminergic function were blocked by pretreatment with the MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl. (unboundmedicine.com)
• We have examined the effects of nicotine pretreatment on dopaminergic and behavioral responses to conditioned fear stress in the rat. (nih.gov)
• However, haloperidol pretreatment antagonized this locomotor response, indicating that the dopaminergic system plays a permissive role in this context. (eurekamag.com)

Striatal4

• Thus we have identified novel components of a complex, coordinated genetic program that is induced in striatal cells in response to various dopaminergic manipulations. (jneurosci.org)
• Many of the persistent consequences of dopaminergic drugs appear to result from changes in striatal physiology, including altered sensitivity to neurotransmitters. (jneurosci.org)
• Following training, rats received cholinergic and/or striatal dopaminergic lesions or sham lesions. (atsbio.com)
• Kucinski A, Paolone G, Bradshaw M, Albin RL, Sarter M. Modeling fall propensity in Parkinson's disease: Deficits in the attentional control of complex movements in rats with cortical-cholinergic and striatal-dopaminergic deafferentation. (atsbio.com)

Neurotoxicity1

• The similar decrease in relative 5-HT neurotoxicity and the decreased ability to alter dopaminergic systems in vivo and in vitro supports the involvement of DA in the neurotoxicity of PCA. (erowid.org)

Symptoms3

• This makes it increasingly difficult for their brains to produce the correct amount of dopamine, and results in symptoms such as tremors and stiff muscles. (elifesciences.org)
• Khat is consumed by chewing, which uncooperativeness), depressive symptoms, and greater continuously produces pharmacokinetic properties ( 3 , 4 ). (who.int)
• The fresh leaves and twigs of the khat shrub contain high have shown that khat has a particular propensity to concentrations of cathinone, an amphetamine analogue induce or aggravate psychiatric symptoms in countries that produces euphoric effects ( 3 , 4 ). (who.int)

Amphetamine2

• Synthetic amphetamine compounds commonly are produced in clandestine laboratories and vary in purity and potency. (medscape.com)
• Treatment with the dopamine receptor agonist, apomorphine, or the dopamine-releasing drug, amphetamine, produced significant disruption of PPI in control mice but not in ACE knockout mice. (unboundmedicine.com)

Receptors2

• Dopamine stimulates adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors. (medscape.com)
• Lower doses primarily stimulate dopaminergic receptors that produce renal and mesenteric vasodilation. (medscape.com)

Stimulate1

• In at least one report smokers reported bruxism twice as frequently as nonsmokers, and nicotine is known to stimulate central dopaminergic activity. (medscape.com)

Cells7

• Most ghrelin-producing cells are in the fundus. (obesityhelp.com)
• Parkinson's disease belongs to a group of conditions called motor system (movement) disorders, which are the result of the loss of dopamine-producing brain cells. (healthengine.com.au)
• Highly potent modified neural cells have been produced in our lab to treat PD patients. (hilarispublisher.com)
• Gestational lead exposure (GLE) produces supernormal scotopic electroretinograms (ERG) in children, monkeys and rats, and a novel retinal phenotype characterized by an increased number of rod photoreceptors and bipolar cells in adult mice and rats. (cdc.gov)
• Since the loss of dopaminergic amacrine cells (DA ACs) in GLE monkeys and rats contributes to supernormal ERGs, the retinal DA system was analyzed in mice following GLE. (cdc.gov)
• Following the extraction of DNA from oral mucosal cells , 13 SNPs for three candidate genes (SLC6A3, DRD2, and GRIN2B) in the dopaminergic synaptic pathway of ADHD were screened. (bvsalud.org)
• WCMM members Agnete Kirkeby and Gesine Paul-Visse are part of the team behind STEM-PD - a new kind of dopaminergic nerve cell therapy designed to replace cells lost in Parkinson's disease, the first of its kind in Europe! (lu.se)

Anxiolytic1

• The dissimilar effects of repeated nicotine exposure on the cortical dopamine and behavioral responses to conditioned fear stress suggest that nicotine differs from other agents with anxiolytic activity that produce coordinated changes in conditioned fear stress-induced cortical dopaminergic and behavioral responses. (nih.gov)

Haloperidol2

• In vivo dopamine release produced by haloperidol was also unaffected by MDL 100,907. (erowid.org)
• The possible involvement of the dopaminergic system in the actions of T. catigua extract was substantiated by data showing the potentiation of apomorphine-induced hypothermia and by the prevention of haloperidol-induced catalepsy. (hindawi.com)

Inhibition2

• The microprolactinoma and decreased dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin secretion both independently contribute to elevated prolactin in normal situations. (infantrisk.com)
• In this situation, the removal of dopaminergic inhibition (domperidone) on a prolactin-producing tumor could result in an enormous amount of prolactin being released. (infantrisk.com)

Serotonin1

• The hyperthermia produced by amphetamines is similar to that of the serotonin syndrome. (medscape.com)

Serotonergic2

• However, 22 mg/kg of CAB produced a 20-40% decrease in all serotonergic markers. (erowid.org)
• Other serotonergic and dopaminergic effects may include resetting the thermal regulatory circuits upward in the hypothalamus and causing hyperthermia. (medscape.com)

Effects4

• In conclusion, the antinociceptive effects of T. catigua extract seem to be mainly associated with the activation of dopaminergic system and, to a lesser extent, through interaction with opioid pathway. (hindawi.com)
• Thus, extension of the alpha-alkyl significantly decreases the dopaminergic effects of PCA. (erowid.org)
• These neurotransmitters act on their respective neuroreceptor sites to produce the clinical effects of the particular drug. (aafp.org)
• Often times when we think about how cannabis is affecting the brain , we consider its effects on the dopaminergic tracts in the central nervous system. (hightimes.com)

Rats1

• More recently, our group has shown that Catuama also produces a prominent reduction of the mechanical hypersensitivity induced by LPS in rats [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Parkinson's1

• WeMove produced these summaries on the basis of the data presented at the 8th International Congress of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, held in Rome, Italy, June 14-17, 2004. (medscape.com)

Loss1

• Lewy bodies are responsible for damaging DNA and depleting ATP in the brain, which subsequently leads to further cell death, neuronal loss, and reduced ability to produce dopamine. (mindbodygreen.com)

Interacts1

• No known drug of abuse interacts singularly with the brain to produce unique symptom clusters. (aafp.org)

Tumor1

• endocrinopathies result when the tumor produces hormones or destroys hormone-producing tissue. (merckmanuals.com)

System3

• It has recently been demonstrated that prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinyl-methyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone (WIN 55,212-2) produces memory deficit in adulthood, an effect associated with a reduced functionality of the glutamatergic system. (researchgate.net)
• Slower G-protein-linked receptor systems, as seen in the dopaminergic system, work through second-messenger systems, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and have a longer duration of action. (psychiatrictimes.com)
• The SSRIs have an indirect effect on the dopaminergic system and are known to cause an increase in bruxism. (medscape.com)

Lesions1

• Cholinergic lesions were produced by bilateral infusions of 192 IgG-SAP (Cat. (atsbio.com)

Mechanisms1

• These data suggest an important role of ACE substrates in modulating dopaminergic mechanisms involved in PPI. (unboundmedicine.com)

Clinical2

• A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease. (bvsalud.org)
• Today, clinical trials using stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors have commenced. (lu.se)

Brain that produces1

• And why not, that is the primary region of the brain that produces our experience with cannabis. (hightimes.com)

Results1

• Nonetheless, research on this relationship has produced varying results across various populations . (bvsalud.org)

MDMA1

• MDMA produced a positive dose-dependent effect in the CPP test, which was maximal at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. (erowid.org)

Exposure1

• The aim of our study was to identify molecular changes produced by prenatal exposure to WIN 55,212-2 that might contribute to late disruption in synaptic plasticity and cognition. (researchgate.net)

Cell1

• Fast growing potent Dopaminergic cell lines have been produced with long survival in cell culture. (hilarispublisher.com)

Situations1

• Anxiety disorders appear to be caused by an interaction of biopsychosocial factors, including genetic vulnerability, which interact with situations, stress, or trauma to produce clinically significant syndromes. (health.am)

Genetic1

• Previous genetic research has linked ADHD to certain genes in the dopaminergic synaptic pathway. (bvsalud.org)

Activity1

• Following dizocilpine treatment a clear-cut increase in spontaneous locomotor activity was observed, probably partly due to enhanced dopaminergic tone. (eurekamag.com)

Therapy1

• The study authors indicate that apathy typically responded to a reincrease in dopaminergic therapy. (medscape.com)