• These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
  • What happens in reproductive cloning is that a duplicate copy of another organism is made. (nyln.org)
  • On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)
  • Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
  • An induced state of non-reactivity to grafted tissue from a donor organism that would ordinarily trigger a cell-mediated or humoral immune response. (lookformedical.com)
  • At that point - and this is important to understand - there is no more cloning to be done since a new human organism now exists. (cbc-network.org)
  • If the cloned human organism is to be experimented upon and destroyed, the process is often called "therapeutic cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • If the authors of this bill really meant what they appear to have written, their legislation would ban all human cloning, since as we have seen, biologically, a new human organism, that is, a new human being, comes into existence with the completion of SCNT. (cbc-network.org)
  • Or to put it the other way around, cloning, not implantation, is what produces a new and distinct human organism. (cbc-network.org)
  • Totipotency is the ability of a cell to grow into a complete organism. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • DNA is extracted from an organism by breaking its cells, separation of nuclei and rupturing of nuclear envelope. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • The various clones representing all the genes of an organism are called gene library of that organism. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
  • That is what New Jersey legislators did when they passed and then Governor James McGreevey signed S-1909 last year, a law that was sold to the public as outlawing human cloning but which actually permits the creation of cloned human life, and its implantation and gestation up to and including the very moment prior to the emergence of the cloned baby from the birth canal. (cbc-network.org)
  • When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
  • In most countries, it is illegal to attempt reproductive cloning in humans. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Reproductive cloning is a process that has been around for a long time. (nyln.org)
  • However, with reproductive cloning, same-sex couples no longer have to seek such methods because they can have a child that is truly their own. (nyln.org)
  • Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
  • This transfer of early-stage embryos is a crucial factor in successful assisted reproductive technology for dogs. (nature.com)
  • Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)
  • If it is to be brought to birth, the process is usually called "reproductive cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • PRRSV infection results in severe reproductive failure in gilts and respiratory disease in pigs of all ages and further complicates polymicrobial disease syndromes such as porcine circovirus-associated disease ( 3 ). (ijbs.com)
  • Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
  • Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)
  • Snuppy is genetically identical to the donor Afghan hound. (nature.com)
  • We tested whether the cloned dogs were genetically identical by microsatellite analysis of genomic DNA from the donor Afghan, the cloned dogs and the surrogates (see supplementary information ). (nature.com)
  • Analysis of eight canine-specific microsatellite loci confirmed that the cloned dogs were genetically identical to their donor dog. (nature.com)
  • In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
  • Cloning is the production of living struc-tures genetically identical to their parent struc-ture. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • Ever since, a number of mammals have been cloned - cows, pigs, cats and rhesus monkeys. (nyln.org)
  • Hwang's early work was with pigs and cows, though his cloning experiments in this field, while gaining him some visibility within Korea, were not backed up by internationally credible data. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • Campbell and Wilmut found that if the donor, somatic cell is arrested in the stage of the cell cycle where it is dormant and non-replicating (the quiescent phase) prior to nuclear transfer, the resulting fused cell will develop into an embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • The reconstructed egg was then stimulated to develop into an embryo and implanted into a surrogate mother sheep. (scinotions.com)
  • After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
  • To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
  • In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
  • A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
  • Usually all plants are totipotent but in animals only fertilized egg (zygote) and stem cells in the embryonic blastocyst are totipotent. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
  • Cell lines derived from early embryos that have the potential to differentiate into all types of somatic cells as well as to form germ line cells, and hence whole animals, when injected into early embryos. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Dolly was cloned in 1996 by Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell and colleagues at the Roslin Institute, part of the University of Edinburgh Scotland. (wikipedia.org)
  • But it was the successful cloning of Dolly the Sheep in 1996 that made waves around the world for she was the first mammal to be created using the procedure. (nyln.org)
  • Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
  • One of the most famous cloning experiments was the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1996. (scinotions.com)
  • In 1995 and 1996, researchers at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, cloned mammals for the first time. (asu.edu)
  • They reported their results in the article 'Sheep Cloned by Nuclear Transfer from a Cultured Cell Line' in March 1996. (asu.edu)
  • However, donor organs are in absolute shortage, and sadly, most patients die while waiting for a donor organ. (frontiersin.org)
  • Presently, in the United States, another person is added to an organ transplant list every 10 min, 17 people die each day while waiting for donor organs, and approximately 105,800 patients are waitlisted for an organ transplant according to the health resources and services administration (HRSA). (frontiersin.org)
  • Last year, organs were recovered from 10,281 deceased donors-more than a 3% increase from 2016 and a 27% increase over the last 10 years. (cbhd.org)
  • Those organs contributed to the 34,768 transplants performed in 2017 using organs from both deceased and living donors-a new record for organ transplants in the United States. (cbhd.org)
  • Transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs from another member of the same species. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Mazur worked to find the best ways to cryopreserve different cells, embryos, and organs in order to minimize the damage caused by freezing. (asu.edu)
  • While it can not be proven that these abortions were done for the purpose of obtaining the babies to culture cells from, there is no question that scientists were immediately available on site to quickly harvest the ' aborted baby s' organs for cell cultures. (thegiftoflife.info)
  • 2014), is a 2014 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit rejecting a patent for a cloned sheep known as "Dolly the Sheep"- the first mammal ever cloned from an adult somatic cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is not disputed that the donor sheep from which Dolly was cloned could not be patented, but Dolly is an exact copy of that unpatentable sheep. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Dolly was created by removing the nucleus of an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus from a somatic cell of a donor sheep. (scinotions.com)
  • Sheep Dolly is a clone of its mother. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • It is the policy of Washington state that research involving the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells, human embryonic germ cells, and human adult stem cells from any source, including somatic cell nuclear transplantation , is permitted upon full consideration of the ethical and medical implications of this research. (cbc-network.org)
  • The egg begins dividing and growing once it is stimulated then it develops into an embryo which can be implanted into a gestational surrogate where it will be carried to term. (nyln.org)
  • b , Snuppy (left) was implanted as an early embryo into a surrogate mother, the yellow Labrador retriever on the right, and raised by her. (nature.com)
  • Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell using the technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (scinotions.com)
  • Successful somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on the quality, availability and maturation of the animal's unfertilized oocytes. (nature.com)
  • Previously, intra- and interspecific canine embryos have been constructed by canine SCNT into canine and bovine oocytes, respectively, but this did not result in viable offspring 9 . (nature.com)
  • For SCNT, the chromosomes of the unfertilized canine oocytes were removed by micromanipulation, and a single donor cell was transferred into each enucleated oocyte. (nature.com)
  • The primary cloning technique is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT). (cbc-network.org)
  • This is junk biology since implanting isn't the act of asexual reproduction: SCNT cloning is. (cbc-network.org)
  • We collected an average of 12 oocytes from each female, and a total of 1,095 reconstructed canine embryos were transferred into 123 recipients. (nature.com)
  • Identification of the major histocompatibility antigens of transplant DONORS and potential recipients, usually by serological tests. (lookformedical.com)
  • On the medical side, concerns raised include life expectancy as cloned mammals only show a low success rate. (nyln.org)
  • Other notable cloning experiments include the cloning of a cat named CC (Carbon Copy) in 2001, the cloning of a mule named Idaho Gem in 2003, and the cloning of a dog named Snuppy in 2005. (scinotions.com)
  • a , Snuppy, the first cloned dog, at 67 days after birth (right), with the three-year-old male Afghan hound (left) whose somatic skin cells were used to clone him. (nature.com)
  • Hwang Woo-suk became the first researcher in the world to clone a dog, an Afghan hound named Snuppy, in 2005. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • The resulting cloned animal is an exact genetic replica of the adult mammal from which the somatic cell nucleus was taken. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
  • In Dolly's case, the cell came from the mammary gland of an adult ewe. (eurostemcell.org)
  • After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
  • For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
  • The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
  • if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
  • The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
  • Here we describe the cloning of two Afghan hounds by nuclear transfer from adult skin cells into oocytes that had matured in vivo . (nature.com)
  • Donor fibroblasts were obtained from an ear-skin biopsy of a male Afghan hound and cultured for two to five passages (in which fully grown cells are transferred to a new culture dish). (nature.com)
  • it is shown in Fig. 1a with the male Afghan fibroblast donor. (nature.com)
  • Known as somatic cell nuclear transfer, this process involves removing the nucleus of a regular body cell and implanting that nucleus into an egg cell that has had its cell nucleus removed. (wikipedia.org)
  • A process called somatic cell nuclear transfer, where the nucleus of a somatic cell is extracted and inserted into an egg that's had its nucleus removed. (nyln.org)
  • Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
  • However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
  • Pregnancy was established only after embryo transfer of very-early-stage nuclear-transfer constructs (that is, less than 4 hours after oocyte activation). (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: Dog cloned by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (nature.com)
  • More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
  • Cloning of a human being" means asexual reproduction by implanting or attempting to implant the product of nuclear transplantation [e.g., an embryo] into a uterus or substitute for a uterus with the purpose of producing a human being. (cbc-network.org)
  • The advent of techniques to propagate animals by nuclear transfer, also known as cloning, potentially offers many important applications to animal agriculture, including reproducing highly desired elite sires and dams. (nationalacademies.org)
  • In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes , especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture , fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes ). (wikipedia.org)
  • Instead, it may depend on the host and donor molecular similarities or distinctions critical for the organogenesis program. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
  • Defines both molecular clones and whole-animal clones. (nationalacademies.org)
  • But with cloning, parents can get the exact same child by having genetic material from the first cloned. (nyln.org)
  • Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
  • Hair is an exceptional source of DNA since it holds nucleated cells that contain genetic material. (scinotions.com)
  • It is not feasible to clone a human using only hair as the source of DNA since hair cells do not contain the complete set of genetic material necessary for human cloning. (scinotions.com)
  • Although hair contains nucleated cells with genetic material, the DNA within them is often degraded and insufficient for cloning. (scinotions.com)
  • There are presently many human embryo derived vaccines (from aborted baby tissues ) available for use or in the process of being developed. (thegiftoflife.info)
  • It must be noted that the 3 cell lines of embryo tissues being used did not come from single fetal tissue culture attempts. (thegiftoflife.info)
  • Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • [12] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. (wikipedia.org)
  • Are there any successful experiments in cloning so far? (scinotions.com)
  • There have been no successful human cloning experiments, and human cloning is currently illegal in most countries. (scinotions.com)
  • The experiments indicated how to reprogram nuclei from differentiated cells to produce live offspring, and that a single population of differentiated cells could produce multiple offspring. (asu.edu)
  • It defines the term "cloning of a human being" inaccurately. (cbc-network.org)
  • Roslin's claimed clones are exact genetic copies of patent ineligible subject matter. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)
  • Clone is, therefore, an exact carbon copy or copies of a single living parent. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • Cell cloning is the formation of multiple copies of the same cell. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • Cloning forms millions of copies of the same microbe. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • While stem-cell research holds enormous potential for treating or even curing some diseases, the cloning of a human being is morally and ethically unacceptable…Any attempt to clone a human being is in direct conflict with the public policies of this state. (cbc-network.org)
  • Cloning occurs naturally in asexually reproducing mi-crobes and vegetatively multiplying plants. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • Asexually reproducing lower animals like Amoeba proteus also produces clones. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)
  • Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
  • Moreover, most early-stage embryos that are produced naturally (that is, through the union of egg and sperm resulting from sexual intercourse) fail to implant and are therefore wasted or destroyed. (wikiquote.org)
  • To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
  • The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
  • Moreover, they can be used independently to research how, for example, diseases attack cells. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • Till's work with stem cells in bone marrow, which produces the body's blood cells, helped form the field of modern hematology, a medical discipline that focuses on diseases related to the blood. (asu.edu)
  • To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
  • The activated oocytes were then transferred into the oviducts or uterine horns of recipient dogs at times appropriate to the embryos' developmental stages. (nature.com)
  • Detailed descriptions of methods used in animal cloning and biotechnology are provided in the report Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns (NRC, 2002). (nationalacademies.org)
  • The Dutch biotechnology company Crucell was discovered to be looking for 30,000 aborted fetuses to produce viable fetal cell lines and willing to pay hospitals and doctors an "hourly rate", "overheads", and a substantial "success fee" for them. (thegiftoflife.info)
  • i) Multiplication of cells having rDNA (recombinant DNA) and obtaining the required product like enzyme, hormone, antibody, etc. in good quantity, e.g., insulin, monoclonal antibodies. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • Our data demonstrated that modifying CD163 remarkably inhibited PRRSV replication and protected pigs from HP-PRRSV infection, thus establishing a good foundation for breeding PRRSV-resistant pigs via gene editing technology. (ijbs.com)
  • The present report gives an overview of the terms and methods used in cloning and summarizes the debates in the General Assembly. (who.int)
  • As part of its charge, the committee was asked to prepare a subreport evaluating methods for detecting potential unintended compositional changes across the spectrum of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), proteins, metabolites and nutrients that may occur in food derived from cloned animals that have not been genetically modified via genetic engineering methods. (nationalacademies.org)
  • In addition, the committee was charged with evaluating methods to detect potential, unintended, adverse health effects of foods derived from cloned animals. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)
  • Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • The second way to reproduce is a strictly human invention - known as "asexual" reproduction - or more commonly, cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
  • This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
  • The fall from grace of stem cell scientist Hwang Woo-suk would be as spectacular as his meteoric ascent. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • The neo-conservative administration of George W Bush ― an administration with a strongly Christian support base to appease ― banned stem cell research. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • The bill purports to promote stem-cell research, while outlawing the cloning of a human being. (cbc-network.org)
  • You may fing the Stem Cell/Cloning Definitions link on the menu to the left helpful. (thegiftoflife.info)
  • Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1913, E. Steinhardt, C. Israeli, and R. A. Lambert grew vaccinia virus in fragments of guinea pig corneal tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
  • As such, some nations have banned human cloning because of the ethical issues that might arise. (nyln.org)
  • The sense of uniqueness, which is integral to the human race, is eliminated in clones. (nyln.org)
  • Although human cloning is not yet possible, concerns have been raised about "playing God," especially by religious groups. (nyln.org)
  • To date, some 35 countries have adopted laws forbidding human cloning. (who.int)
  • Can you clone a human by using the hair? (scinotions.com)
  • Then, in February 2004 he dropped a bombshell, claiming that his SNU research team had cloned the first human embryos and extracted stem cells from them. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • Hwang said his team had created a single cell line from 242 human eggs. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • Religious groups believe that the raw material from which stem cells are sourced are themselves forms of human life, and by creating little chunks of humans in Petri dishes, scientists are, critics believe, playing God. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • from nationalreview.com Let's call it "stealth human-cloning legalization. (cbc-network.org)
  • It's easy to do: First, write a proposed law that you claim outlaws human cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • your supposed cloning ban actually authorizes human cloning, implantation, and gestation through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
  • And now Washington joins the infamous list with Senate Bill 5594, a thoroughly disingenuous piece of legislation that purports to outlaw the cloning of human beings, but by manipulating language and redefining terms, actually permits human cloning and gestation of the resulting cloned embryos through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
  • A little shot of electricity comes next, and if all goes well, a new human cloned embryo comes into being and begins to develop in the same way as a sexually created embryo. (cbc-network.org)
  • They are different uses for the cloned human lives created via cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • Moreover, while the term "human being" is not defined in the legislation, in this context, it can only mean the birth of a cloned baby. (cbc-network.org)
  • (www) (www) Work on human embryo tissue for vaccines for HIV, Flu, Asian Flu, and Ebola is taking place now. (thegiftoflife.info)
  • There are presently only 4 human embryo derived vaccines in the USA for which there is no other morally licit choice presently available for use in this country. (thegiftoflife.info)
  • These embryo derived vaccines are Rubella, Chickenpox, Shingles, and Hepatitis A. Japan has vaccines made from rabbit kidney (Rubella) and monkey kidney (Hepatitis A), but they have not been allowed into the United States to compete with the human embryo derived vaccines sold here. (thegiftoflife.info)
  • This whole subject of human embryo derived vaccines is covered in detail at The Children of God for Life website. (thegiftoflife.info)
  • (www) as well as our congressional representatives (www) just might make a difference on reducing the number of human embryos killed for this industrialized process. (thegiftoflife.info)
  • Here, we substituted exon 7 of porcine CD163 with the corresponding exon of human CD163-like 1 ( hCD163L1 ) using a CRISPR/Cas9 system combined with a donor vector. (ijbs.com)
  • The lifespan of most cells is genetically determined, but some cell-culturing cells have been "transformed" into immortal cells which will reproduce indefinitely if the optimal conditions are provided. (wikipedia.org)
  • As mentioned earlier, clones tend to have several health issues. (nyln.org)
  • In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)
  • If healthy stem cells can be cloned, they can ― potentially ― be used to treat a wide range of conditions using replacement therapy. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • In this study, we developed artificial intelligence (AI)-guided endoscopic response evaluation using a deep neural network to discriminate endoscopic responders (ERs) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after NAC. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although twins are essentially clones, they formed through a natural process rather than an artificial one. (nyln.org)
  • Artificial cloning has been achieved in higher animals. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
  • The patent application claims the cloned animal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even an extinct animal, the Pyrenean ibex, was successfully cloned in 2009. (nyln.org)
  • Concerns have been raised even in animals as doubters worry about the implications of using a cloned animal in the food supply. (nyln.org)
  • As mentioned earlier, scientists were able to clone an extinct animal, the Pyrenean ibex. (nyln.org)
  • However, if we think back to what actually happened to the animal - it died, even if from the cold, the cells in the body would have taken some time to freeze. (wikiquote.org)
  • This time lag would allow for breakdown of the cells, which normally happens when any animal dies. (wikiquote.org)
  • Cloning is of several types-cell cloning, gene cloning, microbial cloning, plant cloning and animal cloning. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • In contrast, pluriopotency is the ability of a cell to develop ИПу type Ot the Cell in the animal body, for example, kidney cells or heart cells or nerve cells. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • However, techniques have been developed to grow animal cells. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • In modern science, epithelium is a type of animal tissue in which cells are packed into neatly arranged sheets. (asu.edu)
  • Compared to wild-type (WT) pigs in vivo , HP-PRRSV-infected CD163 Mut/Mut pigs showed a substantially decreased viral load in blood and relief from PRRSV-induced fever. (ijbs.com)
  • Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can shift, or differentiate, into specialized types of cells and serve as a repair system in the body by dividing indefinitely to replenish other cells. (asu.edu)