• Donors for allogeneic transplants may be related or unrelated to the recipient. (medscape.com)
  • In syngeneic transplants, the donor is the identical twin of the recipient. (medscape.com)
  • Allogeneic transplants are further categorized by the degree of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match between the donor and recipient. (medscape.com)
  • Transplants from HLA-matched siblings are associated with a lower risk of GVHD and faster recovery of the recipient's immune system following transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • Other conditions treated with stem cell transplants include sickle cell disease, myelodysplastic syndrome, neuroblastoma, lymphoma, Ewing's sarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, chronic granulomatous disease, Hodgkin's disease and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • GvHD is commonly associated with bone marrow transplants and stem cell transplants . (wikipedia.org)
  • Balassa K, Danby R, Rocha V. Haematopoietic stem cell transplants: principles and indications. (anthonynolan.org)
  • Although the number of transplants each year has grown rapidly over the past two decades, the demand for transplantation using human cells, tissues and organs has also increased significantly, resulting in a continuing shortage of human material, particularly organs. (who.int)
  • Autologous transplantation is feasible when the patient's bone marrow is normal and there are no relevant genetic conditions. (medscape.com)
  • The patient is then treated with high-dose chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy with the intention of eradicating the patient's malignant cell population at the cost of partial or complete bone marrow ablation (destruction of patient's bone marrow's ability to grow new blood cells). (wikipedia.org)
  • Newer research indicates that other graft-versus-host disease target organs include the immune system (the hematopoietic system , e.g., the bone marrow and the thymus ) itself, and the lungs in the form of immune-mediated pneumonitis . (wikipedia.org)
  • An infectious retrovirus vector has been used to transfer a bacterial gene encoding resistance to the neomycin analogue G418 into pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells present in explanted murine bone marrow tissue. (nature.com)
  • Bone Marrow Transplantation. (lu.se)
  • Patients can be cured with bone marrow transplantations of haematopoietic stem cells. (lu.se)
  • Risks of infection also vary with the type of transplant, the indication for transplantation, and other host factors. (medscape.com)
  • The transplant procedure requires the harvesting of hematopoietic stem cells from a donor. (medscape.com)
  • The Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation reported the millionth transplant to have been undertaken in December 2012. (wikipedia.org)
  • At 4 years of age and 29 months post-transplant, the patient demonstrated normal T-lymphocyte and natural killer cell numbers. (frontiersin.org)
  • The study population consisted of 784 adults with acute myeloid leukemia in remission or myelodysplastic syndromes undergoing unrelated donor transplant reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. (haematologica.org)
  • Successful outcomes following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) may be offset by risks of transplant-related morbidity and mortality. (haematologica.org)
  • 1 Traditional factors used to gauge transplant risks include conditioning regimen intensity, 2 immunosuppression and HLA matching, 3 along with hematopoietic cell source, and graft cell yield. (haematologica.org)
  • Donor Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genotype Does Not Improve Graft-versus-Leukemia Responses in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia after Unrelated Donor Transplant: A Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Analysis. (anthonynolan.org)
  • Both meetings agreed minimum criteria for suitability of live donors and defined the obligations of transplant professionals to treat donors as patients, including that of providing appropriate follow-up and treatment for problems caused by the donation. (who.int)
  • Likewise, commercial trade in cells, tissues and organs - and even trafficking involving human beings who are kidnapped or lured into other countries where they are forced to be "donors" - continues to be a serious problem, particularly in countries with substantial transplant tourism. (who.int)
  • In preparation for receipt of the stem cells, recipients undergo myeloablation to eliminate their own myeloid cells. (medscape.com)
  • The greater the mismatch between donor and recipient, the higher the risk of graft versus host disease (GVHD). (medscape.com)
  • Also, the incidence of patients experiencing rejection is very rare (and graft-versus-host disease impossible) due to the donor and recipient being the same individual. (wikipedia.org)
  • Subsequent transplantation of the cells into lethally irradiated mice results in engraftment of the animals with donor haematopoietic tissue containing the bacterial gene. (nature.com)
  • The patient's own stored stem cells are then transfused into his/her bloodstream, where they replace destroyed tissue and resume the patient's normal blood-cell production. (wikipedia.org)
  • White blood cells of the donor's immune system which remain within the donated tissue (the graft) recognize the recipient (the host) as foreign (non-self). (wikipedia.org)
  • The white blood cells present within the transplanted tissue then attack the recipient's body's cells, which leads to GvHD. (wikipedia.org)
  • [10] It is less common in younger patients and in those with closer human leukocyte antigens (HLA) matches between donor and the patient. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1991, the Forty-fourth World Health Assembly in resolution WHA44.25 endorsed the WHO Guiding Principles on Human Organ Transplantation. (who.int)
  • Transplantation can result in granulocytopenia as well as impairment of barrier defenses, cell-mediated immunity, and humoral immunity. (medscape.com)
  • In GVHD, the donated stem cells view the recipient cells as foreign and attack recipient cells. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, in cultured Fanconi anemia cells, cell cycle arrest in gap 2/mitosis (G2/M) occurs at lower concentrations of clastogens than in normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • Two years later, the Health Assembly called upon Member States to take appropriate measures to prevent the purchase and sale of human organs for transplantation (resolution WHA42.5). (who.int)
  • As few countries are approaching self- sufficiency in the provision of cells, tissues and organs for transplantation, new ways continue to be sought to increase the donation of human material. (who.int)
  • This processing consists primarily of testing for infectious agents and determination of cell count but may include additional modifications or evaluations. (medscape.com)
  • 1 This report does not include progress in xenogeneic transplantation, also addressed by resolution WHA57.18, as it raises different and specific issues. (who.int)
  • In 2006, 50,417 first HSCTs were recorded worldwide, according to a global survey of 1,327 centers in 71 countries conducted by the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, T-cell depletion is associated with higher rates of graft rejection and increased vulnerability to viral and fungal infections while the T-cell population is diminished. (medscape.com)
  • Gene and cell therapies present novel alternatives to disease management, offering the promise of a single treatment and a lifelong cure. (bvsalud.org)
  • Motives for joining an unrelated HSC donor registry: description, categorization, and association with donor availability. (anthonynolan.org)
  • These meetings were organized by The Transplantation Society, with which WHO has established official relations as a consultative body on technical matters pertaining to transplantation. (who.int)
  • In response to the requests in resolution WHA57.18 for the Director-General to facilitate international cooperation and to support Member States' efforts to prevent organ trafficking, the Secretariat has collaborated with scientific and professional bodies that are addressing the technical and ethical issues raised by various means to increase transplantation. (who.int)
  • Next-generation HLA typing of 382 International Histocompatibility Working Group reference B-lymphoblastoid cell lines: Report from the 17th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop. (anthonynolan.org)
  • Although challenges remain, investment in the field has started to bear fruit, with a number of gene and cell therapeutics reaching the market in the past decade. (bvsalud.org)