Dolly the sheep cloned mammal clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult derived somatic cell, was born in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
His research blossomed after he came to Roslin Institute where in a series of papers he put the intellectual framework into the method of mammalian cloning that ultimately led to the birth of Dolly in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Sir Ian Wilmut, the scientist who led the team that cloned Dolly the sheep in 1996, has died at 79. (yahoo.com)
Dolly's successful birth in 1996 marked the first time a mammal was successfully cloned from an adult cell. (yahoo.com)
It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
Wilmut, along with Keith Campbell from the animal sciences research institute in Scotland, generated news headlines and heated ethical debates in 1996 when they created Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. (cyprus-mail.com)
It was these efforts which led to the births of Megan and Morag in 1995 and Dolly in 1996," the university said in a statement. (cyprus-mail.com)
Scientist Ian Wilmut, who led a team from Scotland's Roslin Institute and biotech company PPL Therapeutics plc to clone Dolly the Sheep in 1996, died on Sept. 10 at age 79. (bioworld.com)
It was created in a laboratory in Edinburgh in 1996 using a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (worldtimetodays.com)
She was born on 5 July 1996 and died from a progressive lung disease five months before her seventh birthday (the disease was not considered related to her being a clone) on 14 February 2003. (pooginook.com)
The science of cloning has come a long way since the successful cloning of Dolly the sheep in Edinburgh in 1996. (blogspot.com)
Dolly the sheep made headlines way back in 1996, only three years after Jurassic Park hit theaters, when she became the first successfully cloned mammal. (syfy.com)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)

Professor Sir Ian Wilmut, who worked with Professor Campbell on the creation of Dolly the Sheep, said: "Always cheerful and friendly, Keith will be greatly missed by all of his friends and colleagues. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Portrait of Sir Ian Wilmut, the cloner of Dolly the sheep. (yahoo.com)
Wilmut moved to the University of Edinburgh the following decade, focusing on using cloning to make stem cells for regenerative medicine. (yahoo.com)
British scientist Ian Wilmut, whose research was central to the creation of the cloned animal, Dolly the Sheep, has died at the age of 79, the University of Edinburgh said on Monday. (cyprus-mail.com)
Then in '97 the paper by Ian Wilmut came out on the cloning of Dolly the sheep. (rupress.org)
A year ago, we showed that you could do it with cells from embryos," says Wilmut. (newscientist.com)
Wilmut and his colleagues fuse the empty oocyte with the donor cell by bringing them together and subjecting them to an electric current. (newscientist.com)
They fuse as one cell," says Wilmut. (newscientist.com)
Wilmut says there were so many failures because it is difficult to ensure that the empty oocyst and the donor cell are at the same stage of the cell division cycle. (newscientist.com)
The inventors on the '233 application, Dr. Keith H.S. Campbell and Sir Ian Wilmut, were the first to produce a cloned mammal from an adult somatic cell -- Dolly the sheep. (patentdocs.org)
When Professor Wilmut introduced the sheep in 1997, it paved the way for potential stem cell treatments to treat conditions such as Parkinson's disease, a degenerative disease that affects more than 150,000 people in the UK. (worldtimetodays.com)
20 Years Since 'Dolly' Dolly with Professor Sir Ian Wilmut, who led the research which produced her. (pooginook.com)

At the same time, labs in a variety of countries have successfully cloned human embryos for the purpose of producing stem cells that can be used in medical therapies. (pewresearch.org)
A year before Dolly, he successfully cloned two lambs (Megan and Morag) whose cells were taken from sheep embryos. (yahoo.com)
It's been 20 years since scientists in Scotland told the world about Dolly the sheep , the first mammal successfully cloned from an adult body cell. (wptv.com)
More than 10 different cell types have been used successfully as "parents" for cloning. (wptv.com)
They used adult cells, but it was possible that the cells that gave rise to successfully cloned animals were derived from rare adult stem cells. (rupress.org)
But cloning research continued, and American scientists announced in 2013 that they had for the first time successfully obtained stem cells from cloned human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
Dolly was the first successfully created clone from an adult mammalian cell. (worldtimetodays.com)
It was reported that 29 embryos were successfully created, and subsequently implanted into 13 surrogate mothers, but Dolly was the only pregnancy that went to full term. (pooginook.com)
In 1998, scientists in South Korea claimed to have successfully cloned a human embryo, but said the experiment was interrupted very early when the clone was just a group of four cells. (pooginook.com)

Dolly's creation triggered fears of human reproductive cloning, or producing genetic copies of living or dead people, but mainstream scientists have ruled this out as far too dangerous. (cyprus-mail.com)
She is the first mammal ever created from the non-reproductive tissue of an adult animal. (newscientist.com)
Last year they used the same reproductive technology to create the world's first cloned lambs (Nature, vol 380, p 64). (newscientist.com)
A second argument for cloning starts with the idea of reproductive rights. (bartleby.com)
Cloning-to-produce-children could also be used to attempt to control the physical and even psychological traits of children, extending the eugenic logic of those who would use reproductive biotechnology to have the perfect child. (thenewatlantis.com)
Other policy options, such as supposed compromises that would prohibit "reproductive cloning" but permit "therapeutic cloning" by prohibiting not the act of creating a cloned embryo but the act of transferring a cloned embryo to a woman's uterus, would inherently mandate the wide-scale destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
Under the AHR Act, it is illegal to knowingly create a human clone, regardless of the purpose, including therapeutic and reproductive cloning. (pooginook.com)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)

That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
When the one-cell embryo duplicates its genetic material, both cells of the now two-cell embryo are genetically identical. (wptv.com)
But there was no way to easily know all the characteristics of the animal that would result from a cloned embryo or fetus. (wptv.com)
They produced idential lambs called Megan and Morag, which originated from different cells of the same embryo. (newscientist.com)
The latest experiments have also produced three lambs from the cells of a sheep fetus aborted after 26 days, and four from a nine-day-old embryo. (newscientist.com)
After growing and dividing for a week or so in a laboratory culture dish, the fused cell forms an early embryo called a blastocyst, which Wilmut's team implants into a surrogate mother. (newscientist.com)
An electric shock was used to stimulate the hybrid cell to divide and create an embryo, which was then implanted into the uterus of a surrogate mother. (worldtimetodays.com)
That honour belongs to another sheep which was cloned from an embryo cell and born in 1984 in Cambridge, UK. (pooginook.com)
It would involve introducing Neanderthal DNA into a human stem cell, before finding a human surrogate mother to carry the Neanderthal-esque embryo. (pooginook.com)

Dolly, a Finn Dorset sheep, was introduced to the public in 1997 after scientists at the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland implanted the cell nucleus from a sheep into an egg that was subsequently fertilized to create a clone. (pewresearch.org)
Polly, born in 1997, was the first genetically modified cloned mammal. (yahoo.com)
When the world learned in 1997 of Dolly the sheep, the first clone produced from an adult mammal, a broad public discussion about the ethics of human cloning ensued, largely focused on the nature, meaning, and future of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)
General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)

He was a giant of the scientific world and led the Roslin Institute team that cloned Dolly the sheep - the first mammal cloned from an adult cell - which changed scientific thinking at the time. (worldtimetodays.com)

I've been working with mammalian embryos for over 40 years, with some work in my lab specifically focusing on various methods of cloning cattle and other livestock species. (wptv.com)
It was thought that mammalian cells might be refractory to cloning. (rupress.org)

Although the latest scientific work related to cloning has been focused on potential medical applications, much of that research is relevant to the creation of cloned children. (thenewatlantis.com)

The Threat of Human Cloning concludes by calling for laws prohibiting both human cloning and the creation of embryos for research. (thenewatlantis.com)

Father Tad Pacholczyk is convinced that embryonic stem cells will someday cure diseases. (archstl.org)
At present, this is only possible with mice, using so-called embryonic stem cells. (newscientist.com)
The new technique means they will not need embryonic stem cells. (newscientist.com)
Embryonic stem cells are useful for experiments because they are self-renewing and able to develop into almost any cell type in the body. (asu.edu)
Yamanaka induced somatic cells to act like human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), allowing researchers to experiment with non-embryonic stem cells with a similar capacity as hESCs. (asu.edu)
His focus has ranged from the development of telomerase-based therapeutics to the application of human embryonic stem cells in regenerative medicine. (asu.edu)
As of 2009, West advocated using human somatic cell nuclear transfer techniques to derive human embryonic stem cells for therapeutic practice. (asu.edu)
James Alexander Thomson, affectionately known as Jamie Thomson, is an American developmental biologist whose pioneering work in isolating and culturing non-human primate and human embryonic stem cells has made him one of the most prominent scientists in stem cell research. (asu.edu)
According to the The Herald, he was the first, alongside his colleague Martin Evans, to isolate and culture embryonic stem cells. (asu.edu)
However, following the successful derivation of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, the debate over human cloning largely shifted to the question of whether it is acceptable for scientists to create human embryos only to destroy them. (thenewatlantis.com)

There he continued his research on the cloning and genetic modification of livestock. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Part of the reason is that cloning can introduce profound genetic errors , which can result in early and painful death. (pewresearch.org)
Dolly was an exact genetic copy of that sheep - a clone. (wptv.com)
These germ cells are the only ones in the body that have their genetic material all jumbled up and in half the quantity of every other kind of cell. (wptv.com)
From that moment forward, nearly all cells in that body have the same genetic makeup. (wptv.com)
When they in turn duplicate their genetic material, each cell at the four-cell stage is genetically identical. (wptv.com)
In this process, researchers remove the genetic material from an egg and replace it with the nucleus of some other body cell. (wptv.com)
instead of half the genetic material coming from a sperm and half from an egg, it all comes from a single cell. (wptv.com)
Next, the researchers take cells containing donor genetic material. (newscientist.com)
A third view says that cloning will provide for the possibility of improvement by giving birth to children who are free of birth defects, because when any two people create a child through sex there is the possibility for genetic defects. (bartleby.com)
However, since clones are the exact replicas of someone already alive, their genetic dispositions will have already surfaced. (bartleby.com)
The Court disagreed, stating that 'Dolly herself is an exact genetic replica of another sheep and does not possess 'markedly different characteristics from any [farm animals] found in nature,'' and thus, 'Dolly's genetic identity to her donor parent renders her unpatentable. (patentdocs.org)
This form of genetic engineering would deny the children it produces an open future, burdening them with the expectation that they will be like the individuals from whom they were cloned. (thenewatlantis.com)
And cloning could make possible still more dramatic forms of genetic engineering. (thenewatlantis.com)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)

Scientists then need a way to get that DNA into a living cell and implanted in a surrogate animal for incubation. (syfy.com)

He then moved to PPLTherapeutics, the company that was spun out from Roslin Institute, where that procedure and his expertise led to the birth of cloned and genetically modified sheep, pigs and cattle. (nottingham.ac.uk)
On appeal, the Roslin Institute argued that unlike the donor sheep used to create Dolly, clones like Dolly are eligible for protection because they are 'the product of human ingenuity' and 'not nature's handiwork, but [their] own. (patentdocs.org)
Dolly the sheep made history 20 years ago after being cloned at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh. (worldtimetodays.com)
It's a rather fatuous use of the technology," said Dr Harry Griffin, director of the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, which produced Dolly. (pooginook.com)
Her caretakers at the Roslin Institute in Scotland euthanized the 6-year-old sheep after diagnosing an incurable lung tumor. (pooginook.com)

1 No one has ever cloned a human being , though scientists have cloned animals other than Dolly , including dogs, pigs, cows, horses and cats. (pewresearch.org)
Dolly was an important milestone, inspiring scientists to continue improving cloning technology as well as to pursue new concepts in stem cell research. (wptv.com)
But scientists have not managed to isolate such cells from farm animals, and must rely instead on injecting genes randomly into early embryos. (newscientist.com)
Scientists use immortal human cell lines in their research to investigate how cells function in humans. (asu.edu)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)

Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)
Often asked: If Cows Are Bovine What Are Sheep? (pooginook.com)
Researchers at the Brasilia Zoo have previously produced over 100 living clones of cows and horses but the process for wild animals is different and the next stage is to get those researchers trained. (blogspot.com)
In this fashion, mice or other laboratory animals that exhibit particular traits can be created for specialized studies, or herds of farm animals (such as goats, sheep or cows) can be created that produce pharmaceutically useful proteins in their milk. (who.int)

Dolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell taken from the mammary gland of a 6-year-old Finn Dorset sheep and an egg cell from a Scottish Blackface sheep. (bioworld.com)
Dolly's DNA came from a cell in the udder of a six-year-old Finn Dorset ewe. (newscientist.com)
Dolly was the only surviving lamb from 277 cloning attempts and was created from a milk cell from a six-year-old Finn Dorset sheep. (worldtimetodays.com)

Professor Campbell was instrumental in the creation of Dolly the Sheep, the first cloned mammal, a breakthrough which paved the way for the successful cloning of many other mammal species. (nottingham.ac.uk)
4 The public is divided about the prospect of using cloning to bring back to life species of animals that are currently extinct , such as the carrier pigeon or even the woolly mammoth. (pewresearch.org)
In a 2013 Pew Research Center poll , half of all adults surveyed (50%) said that by 2050 researchers will be able to use cloning to bring back extinct species, with 48% predicting such a development won't occur. (pewresearch.org)
it's highly variable, though, depending on the cell type used and the species. (wptv.com)
However, it can also be used to build the populations of still-existing species, as Endangered Animal Cloning explains. (blogspot.com)
The 8 species the Brasilia Zoo will attempt to clone include the maned wolf, brush dog, grey brocket deer, bison, jaguar, black lion tamarin monkey, Collared Anteater, and the Brazilian Aardvark. (blogspot.com)
Though, the zoo has said that they would only release the cloned animals into the wild if the species was nearing total extinction. (blogspot.com)
To date, more than 20 species have been cloned , with 19 of them surviving into adulthood. (syfy.com)

Twenty years ago today, the world's first clone made from the cells of an adult mammal made her public debut. (pewresearch.org)
She has been called "the world's most famous sheep" by sources including BBC News and Scientific American. (pooginook.com)

Dolly was a perfectly normal sheep who became the mother of numerous normal lambs. (wptv.com)
DOLLY may look like other lambs, but she is the most remarkable animal ever born. (newscientist.com)

However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
164. The clone of any of claims 155-159, wherein the donor mammal is non-foetal. (patentdocs.org)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)

3 Americans are divided as to whether humans will be cloned in the near future. (pewresearch.org)
5 Fewer Americans are concerned with cloning animals than with the prospect of cloning humans , according to the same 2016 Gallup survey . (pewresearch.org)
Specifically, many wondered: If they're doing sheep now, how long until they clone humans? (yahoo.com)
If the same could be achieved in humans, it would mean that each of us could have clones of ourselves made from our own tissue. (newscientist.com)
The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
However, the idea of cloning humans is a highly charged topic. (bartleby.com)
Shinya Yamanaka gained international prominence after publishing articles detailing the successful generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, first in mice, then in humans. (asu.edu)
Can humans clone? (pooginook.com)

In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)

And Jonathan Slack, an embryologist at the University of Bath, says that it is dangerous to base big ideas on a single case of a lamb raised from an adult ewe cell. (newscientist.com)

What was special about Dolly is that her "parents" were actually a single cell originating from mammary tissue of an adult ewe. (wptv.com)
Mammary glands are rich in these cells, which are more adaptable than other tissue. (newscientist.com)

Dolly demonstrated that adult somatic cells also could be used as parents. (wptv.com)

Transferring a terminally differentiated cell nucleus into an egg cell that has had its own nucleus removed wipes away the epigenetic marks of differentiation and allows the nucleus once again to code for any cell type. (rupress.org)
Dr. Campbell and Sir Ian obtained U.S. Patent No. 7,514,258 for the method they used to produce Dolly: somatic cell nuclear transfer, which involves removing the nucleus of a somatic cell that has been arrested in the quiescent phase of the cell cycle and implanting that nucleus into an enucleated oocyte. (patentdocs.org)
The breakthrough technique involved transferring the nucleus of an adult cell into an unfertilized egg whose own nucleus had been removed. (worldtimetodays.com)
Dolly's creation showed that genes in the nucleus of a mature cell are still capable of reverting to an embryonic totipotent state - that is, the cell can divide to produce all of an animal's differential cells. (worldtimetodays.com)
The technique involves removing the nucleus of an egg cell and replacing it with a somatic (body) cell from the animal you want to clone. (syfy.com)
The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)

Edward Donnall Thomas, an American physician and scientist, gained recognition in the scientific community for conducting the first bone marrow transplant, a pioneering form of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (asu.edu)

Even while clones are genetically identical, their phenotypes - the characteristics they express - will be different. (wptv.com)
Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)

On Dec. 27, 2002, Brigitte Boisselier held a press conference in Florida, announcing the birth of the first human clone, called Eve. (pooginook.com)

2 Eight-in-ten American adults (81%) say cloning a human being is not morally acceptable, according to a May 2016 Gallup poll . (pewresearch.org)
Just 13% of adults in 2016 say cloning is morally acceptable. (pewresearch.org)
Still, a majority of adults (60%) say cloning animals like Dolly is morally wrong, compared with 34% who say it's morally acceptable. (pewresearch.org)
The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)

Before the decades of experiments that led to Dolly, it was thought that normal animals could be produced only by fertilization of an egg by a sperm. (wptv.com)
Dolly was the culmination of hundreds of cloning experiments that, for example, showed diploid embryonic and fetal cells could be parents of offspring. (wptv.com)
I got interested in cloning during my undergraduate course, when I learned about John Gurdon's classic frog cloning experiments. (rupress.org)
What were the limitations of experiments such as Dolly? (rupress.org)

Dolly was the only lamb born from 277 fusions of oocytes with udder cells. (newscientist.com)
To give you an idea how hard this was, Dolly (initially identified as 6LL3) was the only lamb born alive from 277 attempts! (pooginook.com)

This kind of cloning is today being performed at several scientific labs in the United States, despite the availability of alternative techniques that produce cells of nearly the same scientific and medical value but that require neither the creation nor destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)

Inevitably most people will remember him for Dolly the sheep although his recent work was focused on fundamental and applied stem cell research as a tool for the study of human disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Dolly's debut set off a firestorm about both the practical value and ethics of cloning, including the possibility of human cloning. (pewresearch.org)
Currently, more than 40 countries - including the UK, France, Germany and Japan - formally ban human cloning. (pewresearch.org)
There has been overwhelming opposition to human cloning since 2001. (pewresearch.org)
In a 2010 Pew Research Center survey , 48% of adults said that a human being would definitely or probably be cloned by 2050, compared with 49% who said such an event would not happen. (pewresearch.org)
He strived to create modified sheep that would produce milk with proteins that could treat human diseases. (yahoo.com)
His team spliced the host's genes with a human gene to create a sheep that would produce a protein missing from people with hemophilia. (yahoo.com)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
The subject of human cloning has been around for much of the 20th century and beyond. (archstl.org)
A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
Depicts a single human stem cell embedded within a porous hydrogel matrix (false colour). (progress.org.uk)
The book is separated into three chapters covering biotechnology, animal cloning and human cloning. (progress.org.uk)
While it is banned in Britain, however, human cloning is legal elsewhere, including the US. (newscientist.com)
Should Human Cloning Be Pursued? (bartleby.com)
The HeLa cell line was the first immortal human cell line that George Otto Gey, Margaret Gey, and Mary Kucibek first isolated from Henrietta Lacks and developed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1951. (asu.edu)
An immortal human cell line is a cluster of cells that continuously multiply on their own outside of the human from which they originated. (asu.edu)
John D. Gearhart is a renowned American developmental geneticist best known for leading the Johns Hopkins University research team that first identified and isolated human pluripotent stem cells from human primordial germ cells, the precursors of fully differentiated germ cells. (asu.edu)
The Threat of Human Cloning begins by laying out the scientific and policy background of the cloning debates. (thenewatlantis.com)
Not only would cloning-to-produce-children be a dangerous experimental procedure, one that cannot be consented to by its subjects (the children created by it), it is also a profound distortion of the moral meaning of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)
Cloning-for-biomedical-research is also profoundly unethical, as it turns human reproduction into a manufacturing process in the most literal sense: human embryos are created to serve as raw materials for the production of biomedical research supplies. (thenewatlantis.com)
If research cloning is not stopped now, we face the prospect of the mass farming of human embryos and fetuses, and the transformation of the noble enterprise of biomedical research into a grotesque system of exploitation and death. (thenewatlantis.com)
The United States government can, and must, outlaw human cloning. (thenewatlantis.com)
When was the first human cloned? (pooginook.com)
There currently is no solid scientific evidence that anyone has cloned human embryos. (pooginook.com)
To date, some 35 countries have adopted laws forbidding human cloning. (who.int)

The researchers wanted to see whether "mature" cells that have differentiated to fulfil a specialised role (such as that of an udder cell or a fetal cell) could be returned to a primitive state from which they could grow into entire organisms. (newscientist.com)
For each clone, the Roslin researchers combine material from two sources. (newscientist.com)
Researchers initially called those cells Evans-Kaufman cells. (asu.edu)
Carlos Frederico Martins, one of the head researchers, would not say how long it could take to produce the first clone but he did say it would likely be a maned wolf. (blogspot.com)

Dolly was the first successful cloning of a mammal from an adult somatic cell, demonstrating the viability of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (yahoo.com)
In contrast, Dolly was produced by what's called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
By my calculations, Dolly was the single success from 277 tries at somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
Sometimes the process of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer still produces abnormal embryos, most of which die. (wptv.com)
He led efforts to develop cloning, or nuclear transfer, techniques that could be used to make genetically modified sheep. (cyprus-mail.com)
Dolly, named after country singer Dolly Parton, was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell, using a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (cyprus-mail.com)
Nuclear transfer is one of the most sophisticated, fickle, and challenging techniques in cell biology. (rupress.org)
Before that, nuclear reprogramming hadn't been shown in mammals. (rupress.org)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)
For the most part, cloning is achieved through a process known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (syfy.com)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)

This involved taking a sheep egg, removing its DNA and replacing it with DNA from a frozen udder cell of a sheep that died years before. (cyprus-mail.com)
In addition, Dolly's DNA may have come from a stem cell that had not yet matured into an udder cell. (newscientist.com)

The University of Edinburgh announced that he had died five years after he revealed he had been diagnosed with Parkinson's - the disease for which Dolly offered hope of a cure. (worldtimetodays.com)

This pioneering study has helped pave the way for others to develop gene and stem-cell based strategies for therapeutic purposes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
and stem cell research, written about by the Irish Council for Bioethics and the Telegraph among others. (progress.org.uk)
At just 31 years old, Hochedlinger has already worked on therapeutic cloning in a mouse model ( 2 ), reprogramming cancer nuclei ( 3 ), and the molecular mechanisms controlling stem cell pluripotency ( 4 ). (rupress.org)
The reason I then was drawn into epigenetics and stem cell biology was a lecture at the IMP by Rudolf Jaenisch. (rupress.org)

While Dolly proved that cells could be used to create a copy of the animal they came from, Wilmut's next experiment proved that they could also be altered. (yahoo.com)
if a desirable animal was produced, they could thaw the frozen cells and make more copies. (wptv.com)
Thus, one could know the characteristics of the animal being cloned. (wptv.com)
I asked whether a terminally differentiated cell is still amenable to reprogramming and able to give rise to a cloned animal. (rupress.org)
Her birth proved that specialised cells could be used to create an exact copy of the animal they came from. (pooginook.com)

The scientifically groundbreaking announcement also set off a media firestorm as experts and casual observers wrestled with lab-made mammals' ethical implications. (yahoo.com)

Polly was Wilmut's last cloning experiment. (yahoo.com)

Bone marrow transplants are considered to be the first successful example of tissue engineering, a field within regenerative medicine that uses hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as a vehicle for treatment. (asu.edu)

A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)

The present report gives an overview of the terms and methods used in cloning and summarizes the debates in the General Assembly. (who.int)

Can Dolly the sheep reproduce? (pooginook.com)

Brazil will be the 3rd country, along with the US and South Korea, working on the cloning of wild animals. (blogspot.com)

Anatomy17

Organisms28

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

199613

Wilmut12

Successfully9

Reproductive9

Embryo9

19974

Team that cloned1

Mammalian2

Creation of cloned1

Embryos for research1

Embryonic stem10

Genetic17

Surrogate1

Roslin Institute5

Scientists5

Cows4

Finn Dorset3

Species8

World's2

Lambs2

Donor3

Humans8

Blastocyst1

Raised from an adult1

Mammary2

Somatic cells1

Nucleus6

Scientist1

Genetically identical2

20021

Morally acceptable4

Experiments4

Lamb2

Destruction of human1

Human25

Researchers4

Nuclear11

Udder cell2

Edinburgh1

Stem-cell4

Animal5

Ethical implications1

Wilmut's1

Regenerative medicine1

Naturally1

Debates1

Reproduce1

South Korea1