• CHARLOTTE, N.C. - Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers can reflect treatment response, spare some additional treatment, or signal potential remission in those with metastatic cancer, a new study reveals. (medscape.com)
  • The blood-based test for ctDNA "can detect tumor DNA in circulation and thus identify even a microscopic cancer that would not be found by other conventional modalities like endoscopy or radiographic imaging," Apaar Dadlani, MBBS, who was an internal medicine resident at the University of Louisville in Kentucky at the time of the study, told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
  • The study results suggest that the Signatera ctDNA test (Natera) is sensitive enough to assess tumor burden and can help guide treatment plans for people with locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer, he said. (medscape.com)
  • Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is tumor-derived fragmented DNA in the bloodstream that is not associated with cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • ctDNA should not be confused with cell-free DNA (cfDNA), a broader term which describes DNA that is freely circulating in the bloodstream, but is not necessarily of tumor origin. (wikipedia.org)
  • ctDNA originates directly from the tumor or from circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which describes viable, intact tumor cells that shed from primary tumors and enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system. (wikipedia.org)
  • The biological processes postulated to be involved in ctDNA release include apoptosis and necrosis from dying cells, or active release from viable tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fragmentation of this length might be indicative of apoptotic DNA fragmentation, suggesting that apoptosis may be the primary method of ctDNA release. (wikipedia.org)
  • ctDNA in healthy patients is only present at low levels but higher levels of ctDNA in cancer patients can be detected with increasing tumor sizes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This possibly occurs due to inefficient immune cell infiltration to tumor sites, which reduces effective clearance of ctDNA from the bloodstream. (wikipedia.org)
  • Comparison of mutations in ctDNA and DNA extracted from primary tumors of the same patients revealed the presence of identical cancer-relevant genetic changes. (wikipedia.org)
  • When blood is collected in EDTA tubes and stored, the white blood cells begin to lyse and release genomic wild type DNA in to the sample in quantities typically many fold higher than the ctDNA is present in. (wikipedia.org)
  • Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is found in the bloodstream and refers to DNA that comes from cancerous cells and tumors. (medlineplus.gov)
  • ctDNA are small pieces of DNA, usually comprising fewer than 200 building blocks (nucleotides) in length. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The quantity of ctDNA varies among individuals and depends on the type of tumor, its location, and for cancerous tumors, the cancer stage. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Because tumor DNA has acquired multiple genetic changes (variants) , leading to tumor development, ctDNA is not an exact match to the individual's DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Diagnosing the type of tumor using ctDNA can reduce the need for getting a sample of the tumor tissue (tumor biopsy), which can be challenging when a tumor is difficult to access, such as a tumor in the brain or lung. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Analyzing the genome of tumor cells using ctDNA can help doctors determine which treatment will be most effective. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A decrease in the quantity of ctDNA suggests the tumor is shrinking and treatment is successful. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These pieces are called cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is DNA shed from a tumour into the blood. (otago.ac.nz)
  • In this project, we would like to compare ctDNA from your blood to the DNA in your tumor. (froedtert.com)
  • ctDNA, or circulating tumor DNA, is DNA originating from your tumor that is present in your blood. (froedtert.com)
  • Liquid biopsies, based on circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) shed from the primary tumour and metastatic sites, are a potential non-invasive means of tracking tumour heterogeneity and therapy response. (swansea.ac.uk)
  • In this project, we aim to develop a clinically relevant, data-driven, novel multiscale mathematical framework to study ctDNA dynamics, centred around a stochastic discrete description of mutational profiles within a tumour evolving in space and time. (swansea.ac.uk)
  • The rigorous mathematical description will be shaped by the integration of mathematical, biological, and clinical expertise and will allow us to link the spatiotemporal evolution of the tumour response under treatment (unknown in a clinical scenario), with the resulting ctDNA dynamics in the bloodstream (easily monitored in patients). (swansea.ac.uk)
  • Background: Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising, non-invasive diagnostic approach in oncology because the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) reflects the precise status of the disease at diagnosis, progression, and response to treatment. (upf.edu)
  • However, the limited blood sample size which can be obtained from children with cancer and the fact that ctDNA content may occasionally be diluted by non-tumor cell-free DNA (cfDNA) complicate optimal quantities of material for high-throughput sequencing studies. (upf.edu)
  • We assessed the electropherogram profiles of ctDNA-containing samples suitable for methylome studies, using 10 ng of plasma-derived ctDNA from 126 samples of 86 high-risk neuroblastoma patients, and evaluated several bioinformatic approaches to analyze DNA methylation sequencing data. (upf.edu)
  • Signatera™ is a highly sensitive and personalized molecular residual disease assay (MRD) using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), custom designed for each patient to help identify relapse earlier than standard of care tools. (natera.com)
  • Why circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for MRD assessment? (natera.com)
  • This study reports a targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) method that enables more accurate detection of actionable mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) clinical specimens. (biorxiv.org)
  • Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) from the same patient blood sample, was assessed by ddPCR targeting tumour-specific mutations. (nature.com)
  • Increasing evidence has revealed the potential correlation between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and the prognosis of pancreatic cancer, but inconsistent findings have been reported. (aging-us.com)
  • This review focuses on cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the bloodstream as a versatile biomarker. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ctDNA has the potential to accurately genotype the tumor and identify personalized genetic and epigenetic alterations of the entire tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, ctDNA has the potential to accurately monitor tumor burden and treatment response, while also being able to monitor minimal residual disease, reducing the need for harmful adjuvant chemotherapy and allowing more rapid detection of relapse. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the past 5 years, there has been an explosion of breast cancer research on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), fueled by the idea that ctDNA may provide a liquid biopsy alternative to tissue biopsies. (medscape.com)
  • One of the uses of ctDNA is to track tumor burden. (medscape.com)
  • In a recent study, researchers compared radiographic imaging of tumors with an assay of ctDNA, cancer antigen 15-3 ( CA 15-3 ), and circulating tumor cells in 30 women with MBC who were receiving systemic therapy. (medscape.com)
  • ctDNA was successfully detected in 97% women in whom somatic genomic alterations were identified, and CA 15-3 and circulating tumor cells were detected in 78% and 87%, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • ctDNA levels showed a greater dynamic range, and greater correlation with changes in tumor burden, than did CA 15-3 or circulating tumor cells. (medscape.com)
  • Changes in levels of circulating tumor DNA very closely followed treatment responses in these patients, and tracking levels of ctDNA may provide us with an early indicator of treatment resistance," said Dawson. (medscape.com)
  • Untargeted approaches are also useful in research to observe tumor heterogeneity or to discover new drug targets. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to tumor heterogeneity one can only hope the biopsy sample represents the biology of the majority of tumor. (her2support.org)
  • Intra-tumor heterogeneity reflects cancer genome evolution and provides key information for diagnosis and treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further, heterogeneity in cancer could manifest on other levels: not just among different patients, but also among tumors of different grades or organ sites in the same patient, as well as among different cells within a tumor [ 10 ],[ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, these studies are not designed to adequately investigate intra-tumor heterogeneity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ultimately, cancer genome evolution takes place at the single-cell level, and it is the cellular complexity and its dynamics that give rise to both intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under such constraints, many groups have surveyed intra-tumor heterogeneity by comparing multiple specimens from the same patient by longitudinal sampling or spatial sampling (mainly for solid tumors). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although monoclonal in origin, mammary tumors acquire a marked heterogeneity of cell phenotypes, including a mixture of steroid hormone-sensitive cells and insensitive cells. (rupress.org)
  • Melanoma tumour cells exhibit pronounced heterogeneity within a single tumour, amongst concurrent tumours within the same patient and amongst tumours from different patients. (nature.com)
  • Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), which are responsible for haematogenous spread of tumours, also reflect this heterogeneity. (nature.com)
  • Tumor heterogeneity, especially intratumoral heterogeneity, is a significant reason underlying difficulties in tumor treatment and failure of a number of current therapeutic modalities, even of molecularly targeted therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The development of a virtually noninvasive "liquid biopsy" from the blood has been attempted to characterize tumor heterogeneity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Heterogeneity occurs both between tumors (intertumoral heterogeneity) and within tumors (intratumoral heterogeneity). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intratumoral heterogeneity, with spatially separated heterogeneous somatic mutations and chromosomal imbalances in primary tumors or metastases, provides a tremendous challenge for cancer treatment, since examining a tissue biopsy of a portion of tumor mass could miss therapeutically relevant lesions [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, clonal evolution in the primary tumor is partly fueled by intratumoral heterogeneity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, inability to capture spatial and temporal heterogeneity during tumor evolution results in the failure of cancer systemic treatments, requiring the development of novel approaches to detect tumor heterogeneity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Paralleling the intra-tumor heterogeneity of hypoxia, the effects of hypoxia on DNA repair occur through diverse mechanisms. (bibbase.org)
  • Integrated longitudinal circulating tumor DNA profiling predicts immunotherapy response of metastatic urothelial carcinoma in the POLARIS-03 trial. (bvsalud.org)
  • We assessed plasma samples from 46 patients with various advanced metastatic solid tumors and known mutations by deep sequencing using an Ampliseq cancer hotspot panel V2 on Ion Proton. (oncotarget.com)
  • six patients were not included due to insufficient tumor tissue. (medscape.com)
  • The test quantifies fragments of circulating tumor tissue-modified viral (TTMV) HPV DNA that is shed into the blood by cancer cells. (genomeweb.com)
  • Since the viral and human genomes are distinct and HPV's oncogenes are well conserved in tumor tissue, they represent optimal targets for circulating tumor DNA assays," the authors wrote. (genomeweb.com)
  • DNA can be extracted from tumour tissue after tumour resection. (otago.ac.nz)
  • However, tissue biopsy collection can be challenging (depending on the location of the tumor), and this procedure poses physical risks to the patient. (froedtert.com)
  • Pantomics Array Description: Testis tumor tissue array, set 1, containing 69 cases of testis germ cell tumors, 18 cases of non-tumor. (delos.info)
  • Pantomics Array Description: Soft tissue tumor tissue array, set 1, non-overlapping with SFT962, 96 cores, 48 cases of benign and. (delos.info)
  • In the study, everything that exists in the three countries of the United States, Denmark, and the Netherlands stage Samples of blood and tumor tissue are gathered from 200 cancer patients and investigations are conducted. (gigazine.net)
  • These studies analyze hundreds of tumors per cancer type, relying on bulk tissue samples, usually for one sample per patient. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparison of methylation in adenocarcinoma cell lines and tumors versus non-tumor lung tissue showed methylation of ESR1, PGR1 and RASSF1 to be significantly elevated in adenocarcinoma, with RASSF1 being most significant (P=0.0002). (nih.gov)
  • Custom-built for each patient, using tumor tissue from surgical resection. (natera.com)
  • Proton beam therapy destroys tumor cells while sparing healthy brain tissue. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Proton beams can be targeted more precisely, allowing doctors to attack a tumor with high doses of radiation while preserving the surrounding healthy tissue. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Other radiation therapies affect the tumor - and likely the tissue around it too. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Delivers radiation directly into the tumor, leaving surrounding tissue intact. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Only 3 benign breast tumour tissues (12.5%) and none of the healthy breast tissue specimens were HPV-DNA-positive. (who.int)
  • Levels of gene expression are measured using a preparation of fluorescently labeled tissue RNA (copies of DNA), together with reference RNA labeled with a different fluorochrome, hybridized onto the slides. (lu.se)
  • In addition, clinicians now recognize that tumors can be heterogeneous and that a single tissue biopsy may not be representative of all of the changes within a tumor. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] CA 15-3 levels and numbers of circulating tumor cells were measured at identical time points. (medscape.com)
  • NEW YORK - Researchers have determined that a liquid biopsy human papillomavirus DNA test may serve as a useful tool for the diagnosis and surveillance of HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). (genomeweb.com)
  • Known as a liquid biopsy, the blood sample can be used to detect cancer DNA. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Even with many tumor sites, it s always risky to get my wife biopsy. (her2support.org)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Combined circulating tumor DNA and protein biomarker-based liquid biopsy for the earlier detection of pancreatic cancers. (duke.edu)
  • The detection of tumor-specific nucleic acids from blood increasingly is being used as a method of liquid biopsy and minimal residual disease detection. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Diagnostic procedures include tumor biopsy and panendoscopy, although routine use of the latter, which includes a bronchoscopy, an esophagoscopy, and a laryngoscopy, has been the subject of much controversy. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, extended hypoxia can lead to long-term persistent silencing of certain DNA repair genes, including BRCA1 and MLH1, revealing a mechanism by which tumor suppressor genes can be inactivated. (bibbase.org)
  • Tumor suppressor genes normally suppress the development of cancers by coding for proteins that repair damaged DNA or suppress the growth of cancerous cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Brain Tumors: What Can DNA Tell Us? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Two studies recently appearing in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) show that analyzing some brain tumors' DNA markers can help doctors classify them more accurately. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Brain tumors called gliomas arise from glial cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Raccoon polyomavirus (RacPyV) is episomal in raccoon brain tumors as detected by Southern blot hybridization and rolling circle amplification. (cdc.gov)
  • Targeting brain tumors with precision. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Proton beam therapy uses energized particles to aggressively treat brain tumors, instead of x-rays used in conventional radiation therapy. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Chetan Bettegowda, M.D ., of the Johns Hopkins Comprehensive Brain Tumor Center specializes in treating patients with glioma and other brain cancers. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Although p16-positive but HPV-negative cancers are grouped with HPV-associated cancers for staging and clinical trial purposes, these cancers are distinct and would not be expected to harbor HPV DNA," she wrote. (genomeweb.com)
  • DNA is then tested against a panel of 500 genes commonly mutated in cancers. (otago.ac.nz)
  • High-grade gliomas are primary brain cancers with unacceptably low and persistent survival rates of 10-16 months for WHO grade 4 gliomas over the last 40 years, despite surgical resection and DNA-damaging chemo-radiotherapy. (nature.com)
  • This study shows that it is possible to identify early cancers using DNA changes in the blood and shows that our high precision sequencing method is a promising approach to achieving our goals. (gigazine.net)
  • By looking at a broad array of tumors (10 breast, 28 colon, 9 lung, 38 thyroid, 18 pancreas cancers, and 5 pancreas neuroendocrine tumors), matched controls, and premalignant lesions the team made some universal findings, while also developing a new statistical approach that lets you identify large hypomethylated blocks during your run of the 450k discovery mill. (epigenie.com)
  • Approximately 90% of these cancers are tumors of epithelial origin. (medscape.com)
  • DNA methylation profiling is also a potential solution for sensitive and specific detection of many cancers. (upf.edu)
  • One key cellular consequence of hypoxic stress is the regulation of DNA repair pathways, which contributes to the genomic instability and mutator phenotype observed in human cancers. (bibbase.org)
  • It seems that cancer is joining the minimalist trend, and has recently been caught sporting a universal and distinct DNA methylation signature. (epigenie.com)
  • DNA methylation also offers a new source for identifying these molecules. (upf.edu)
  • Distinct DNA methylation profiles in malignant mesothelioma, lung adenocarcinoma, and non-tumor lung. (nih.gov)
  • DNA methylation markers provide a powerful tool to make diagnoses based on genetic material obtained directly from tumors or from 'remote' locations such as sputum, pleural fluid, or serum. (nih.gov)
  • In an attempt to identify molecular markers for MM and adenocarcinoma, we examined the DNA methylation status of 14 loci. (nih.gov)
  • Subsequent examination of the methylation status of the 14 loci in 6 MM and 7 adenocarcinoma primary tumors, which yielded similar methylation profiles, supported these observations. (nih.gov)
  • Progression to steroid autonomy in S115 mouse mammary tumor cells: role of DNA methylation. (rupress.org)
  • At the time when the cells lost all androgen response in terms of cell biology and MMTV-LTR-RNA, increased methylation of MMTV-LTR sequences in the DNA was detected. (rupress.org)
  • The possible role of de novo DNA methylation in the progression to androgen autonomy of S115 cells is discussed. (rupress.org)
  • Comprehensive staging of borderline ovarian tumors is of significant prognostic value and is performed surgically. (medscape.com)
  • Guillaume and Pirrello reported that 75% of patients with borderline ovarian tumors are at an early FIGO stage at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Borderline ovarian tumors are staged according to the FIGO classification of ovarian cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Store genomic DNA in TE buffer at 4 degree C. Stable for 12 months after receipt. (biocheminfo.org)
  • Each organ genomic DNA is from a single donor. (biochain.com)
  • The quality and purity of genomic DNA are tested by spectrophotometer and electrophoresis. (biochain.com)
  • Genomic DNA was Kpn I digested and probed with a 799-bp probe designed to hybridize to large T-antigen ( Technical Appendix Figure 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The number of presumed pathogenic germline variants (PPGVs) and variants of uncertain significance per person in 187 genes associated with single-gene disorders and the proportions of individuals with PPGVs in clinically relevant gene subsets, in genes consistent with known tumor phenotypes, and in genes with evidence of second somatic hits in their tumors. (nih.gov)
  • DNA polymerase β (Pol β), an error-prone DNA-synthesizing enzyme tightly down-regulated in healthy somatic cells, has been shown to be overexpressed in many human tumors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • When bulk tumor tissues are profiled for somatic copy number alterations (sCNA) and point mutations, it may be difficult to estimate their cellular fractions when a mutation falls within a sCNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A suitable clinical-grade platform is required for detection of somatic mutations with high sensitivity in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of patients with solid tumors. (oncotarget.com)
  • Finding DNA with genetic differences aids in tumor detection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In particular when limited cell numbers are available, amplifyable DNA markers can provide a very sensitive tool for cancer detection and classification. (nih.gov)
  • A subset of these samples with DNA availability was tested by ddPCR and UltraSEEK MassARRAY for mutation detection in 5 genes (IDH1, PIK3CA, KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS). (oncotarget.com)
  • CIENCIASMEDICASNEWS: Circulating Tumor DNA as Biomarkers for Cancer Detection. (blogspot.com)
  • Detection of circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNAs) in cancer patients is an important component of cancer precision medicine ctDNAs. (blogspot.com)
  • Here, we perform a direct comparison of two droplet digital PCR (ddPCR)-based detection methods, circulating plasma tumor RNA and circulating plasma tumor DNA (ptDNA), in blood samples from newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma patients. (elsevierpure.com)
  • First, we developed three specific ddPCR-based assays to detect EWS-FLI1 or EWS-ERG fusion transcripts, which naturally showed superior sensitivity to DNA detection on in vitro control samples. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here, we conclude that, even with optimized highly sensitive and specific assays, tumor DNA detection is superior to RNA detection in Ewing sarcoma patients. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) can be assessed through a minimally invasive blood sample with potential utility as a predictive, prognostic and pharmacodynamic biomarker. (nature.com)
  • A blood-based test on circulating tumor DNA is promising as a biomarker for cancer risk, prognosis, or recurrence," Aasma Shaukat, MD, MPH, told Medscape Medical News when asked to comment. (medscape.com)
  • Studies in both human (healthy and cancer patients) and xenografted mice show that the size of fragmented cfDNA is predominantly 166bp long, which corresponds to the length of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome plus a linker. (wikipedia.org)
  • What is circulating tumor DNA and how is it used to diagnose and manage cancer? (medlineplus.gov)
  • Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis in Patients With Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists Joint Review. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Circulating Tumour DNA Technology: The Future of Cancer Management? (medlineplus.gov)
  • This is COOL SCIENCE: Cristae inside mitochondria (purple) align themselves to keep "feeding" certain lung cancer tumors. (cancer.org)
  • Patients with advanced cancer diagnoses eligible for studies of targeted agents at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center are offered tumor-normal sequencing with MSK-IMPACT, a 341-gene panel. (nih.gov)
  • F ungal DNA is present in various types of cancer, according to two studies published yesterday (September 29) in Cell . (3quarksdaily.com)
  • One group, led by researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), reports detecting fungal DNA or cells-typically at low abundance-in 35 different cancer types, with fungal species composition differing among them. (3quarksdaily.com)
  • This blood test is to discover cancer by detecting tumor-derived DNA from the patient's blood, and "cancer DNA released from the tumor" and " Biomarker of Cancer DNA that may be misunderstood "can be distinguished from the existing method is different from the existing method. (gigazine.net)
  • This is because germline mutations are changes in DNA, but as a result of normal mutations between individuals, it is usually not associated with a particular cancer. (gigazine.net)
  • This leaves the crew concluding that hypomethylated blocks are "a universal defining epigenetic alteration in human cancer, at least for common solid tumors. (epigenie.com)
  • In a set of approximately 700 breast tumors, more than half appear to contain multiple recognizable aneuploid tumor clones, and many show subtype-specific differences in clonality for known cancer genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neuroblastoma is an extracranial solid tumor most common in children and responsible for up to 15% of cancer-related deaths. (upf.edu)
  • In MCF-7 breast cancer cells, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand inhibit overall translation by a mechanism that requires caspase (but not necessarily caspase-3) activity. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA tests have broad clinical utility across cancer types. (natera.com)
  • Analysis of Plasma Cell-Free DNA by Ultradeep Sequencing in Patients With Stage I to III Colorectal Cancer. (natera.com)
  • Proton Beam delivers high-dose radiation directly into the tumor, rendering the cancer cells unable to reproduce. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Genome wide DNA alterations were evaluated by array CGH in addition to RNA expression profiling in colorectal cancer from patients with excellent and poor survival following primary operations. (lu.se)
  • DNA and RNA from tumor and normal colon were used from cancer patients grouped according to death, survival or Dukes A, B, C and D tumor stage. (lu.se)
  • The genomic variation in colorectal cancer cells is tremendous and emphasizes that BAC array CGH is presently more powerful than available statistical models to discriminate DNA sequence information related to outcome. (lu.se)
  • Present results suggest that a majority of DNA alterations observed in colorectal cancer are secondary to tumor progression. (lu.se)
  • Therefore, it would require an immense work to distinguish primary from secondary DNA alterations behind colorectal cancer. (lu.se)
  • Molecularly targeted cancer therapies require serial monitoring of the tumor genomic makeup. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hypoxia, as a pervasive feature in the microenvironment of solid tumors, plays a significant role in cancer progression, metastasis, and ultimately clinical outcome. (bibbase.org)
  • The discoveries of the hypoxic modulation of DNA repair pathways have highlighted many potential ways to target susceptibilities of hypoxic cancer cells. (bibbase.org)
  • article{scanlon_multifaceted_nodate, title = {Multifaceted control of {DNA} repair pathways by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment}, issn = {1568-7864}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568786415001226}, doi = {10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.04.030}, abstract = {Hypoxia, as a pervasive feature in the microenvironment of solid tumors, plays a significant role in cancer progression, metastasis, and ultimately clinical outcome. (bibbase.org)
  • Cancer begins in your cells when the genetic material, or DNA, is damaged or changed. (cdc.gov)
  • When DNA is damaged, a cell can begin growing out of control and create a cancer tumor. (cdc.gov)
  • L'étude menée en Iraq a utilisé la méthode d'hybridation in situ pour déterminer la fréquence du papillomavirus humain et pour son génotypage dans les échantillons de tissus prélevés auprès de 129 patientes ayant reçu un diagnostic de cancer du sein malin, de 24 patientes porteuses d'une tumeur du sein bénigne et de 20 femmes témoins en bonne santé. (who.int)
  • diagnostic prediction of small round blue cell tumors (SRBCT) of childhood and determining the estrogen receptor (ER) status of sporadic breast cancer. (lu.se)
  • Cancer is more likely when DNA damage impairs tumor suppressor gene function, allowing affected cells to multiply continuously. (msdmanuals.com)
  • ctDNAs are detected and tracked primarily based on tumor-related genetic and epigenetic alterations. (blogspot.com)
  • There is a significant decrease in plasma concentration by post-op day 1 to near pre-op control levels suggesting a relation to tumor burden/excision and an attractive technique and target for a blood biomarker. (cns.org)
  • The study is important, as it aims to correlate the level of circulating tumor DNA in patients with known GI malignancies with tumor burden and decision about using chemotherapy," added Shaukat, director of outcomes research in the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at NYU Langone Health in New York City. (medscape.com)
  • citation needed] A whole genome or whole exome sequencing approaches may be necessary to discover new mutations in tumor DNA while monitoring disease burden or tracking drug resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • To estimate the burden of germline variants identified through routine clinical tumor sequencing. (nih.gov)
  • We demonstrate that tumor-specific plasma DNA can be accurately quantitated and reaction variability controlled, and that plasma levels are related to tumor burden which can be significantly altered by surgery. (cns.org)
  • Furthermore, the unique disease biology of Ewing sarcoma enabled us to show that most cell-free RNA is not tumor-derived, although cell-free-DNA burden is affected strongly by tumor-derived DNA burden. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The stem mutations, mutations that are carried in the bulk of an individual's disease, are going to be best for telling you something about tumor burden. (medscape.com)
  • B) RCA applied to RacPyV DNA by using random hexamers was digested with Kpn I. Amplification of the circular RacPyV genome occurred in the same cohort of samples that was successful for the Southern blot hybridization. (cdc.gov)
  • liquid biopsies" in the form of blood draws may be taken at various time points to monitor tumor progression throughout the treatment regimen. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 5 ] The researchers characterized genomic architecture and inferred the clonal evolution using eight tumor biopsies and nine plasma samples collected over 1193 days of clinical follow-up using exome and targeted amplicon sequencing. (medscape.com)
  • Mutation levels in the plasma samples reflected the clonal hierarchy inferred from sequencing of tumor biopsies. (medscape.com)
  • Germline variants are common in individuals undergoing tumor-normal sequencing and may reveal otherwise unsuspected syndromic associations. (nih.gov)
  • The TWiVome reveal the first eukaryotic genes found in a bacteriophage of Wolbachia, and how DNA tumor virus oncogenes antagonize sensing of cytoplasmic DNA by the cell. (virology.ws)
  • BioChain's Genomic DNAs are available from human tumor tissues. (biochain.com)
  • Cells from malignant tumors can invade nearby tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • Mechanistically, protein profiling through mass spectroscopy revealed that K+CS uniquely affects the cellular pathways of DNA damage repair, DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. (confex.com)
  • Confirmed DNA alterations in all Dukes A - D were judged relevant for carcinogenesis, while changes in Dukes C and D only were regarded relevant for tumor progression. (lu.se)
  • Copy number gains related to tumor progression were most common on chromosome 7, 8, 19, 20, while corresponding major losses appeared in chromosome 8. (lu.se)
  • KRAS mutations were detected in the plasma of 66 patients (30%), and every mutation found in the plasma was identical to that subsequently found in the patient's primary tumor (100% concordance). (duke.edu)
  • The value of cell-free DNA for molecular pathology. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Based on molecular studies, some mucinous borderline tumors of the ovary may actually represent metastasis from the appendix. (medscape.com)
  • The analysis of the electropherogram profiles revealed the presence of nucleosomal multimers, and occasionally high molecular weight DNA. (upf.edu)
  • The B6C3F1 mouse used in this study has intermediate susceptibility to lung carcinogenesis, and data obtained will have relevancy to existing human lung tumor data because lung tumors in this mouse strain exhibit many molecular and morphological similarities to human pulmonary tumors. (cdc.gov)
  • Using in vitro single- and double-stranded DNA synthesis assays, we demonstrated that excess Pol β perturbs the replicative machinery, favors ddC-TP incorporation into DNA, and consequently promotes chain termination. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Next, we identified the patient-specific EWS-FLI1 or EWS-ERG breakpoint from five patient tumor samples and designed ddPCR-based, patient-specific ptDNA assays for each patient. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These patient-specific assays show that although plasma tumor RNA can be detected in select newly diagnosed patients, positive results are low and statistically unreliable compared with ptDNA assays, which reproducibly detect robust positive results across most patients. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We would like to analyze both your blood and tumor, in hopes of identifying new biomarkers of sarcoma that can help the study doctors better diagnose sarcoma for patients in the future without needing to collect a piece of their tumor. (froedtert.com)
  • We surveyed the germline variants seen in 187 overlapping genes with Mendelian disease associations in 1566 patients who had undergone tumor profiling between March and October 2014. (nih.gov)
  • No tumor patients demonstrated the presence of both tumor methylated MGMT and plasma concentrations above the negative cutoff values. (cns.org)
  • Menin is a tumor suppressor that is mutated in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1), an inherited tumor-prone syndrome. (princeton.edu)
  • However, many patients still die due to tumor metastasis and drug resistance [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients were grouped according to tumor type and stage. (lu.se)
  • Radiologic evaluation with computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized the assessment of patients with head and neck tumors. (medscape.com)
  • For example, in the list of patients we could then list child derived bioassays with subtype !AlignedSequences and Pipline=DNA/Normal/WGS. (lu.se)
  • By using cell lines belonging to different hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, we demonstrated ex vivo that the combination of KPT-330 and CS (K+CS) could induce unique and significant antitumor effect at much lower dose of KPT-330 (at 25% of the dose used in the clinic), thereby potentially mitigating prohibitive clinical AEs (Figure 1a-d, and e-g) . (confex.com)
  • If benign lesions are included, epithelial tumors account for 60% of all ovarian tumors. (medscape.com)
  • RESULTS: Plasma levels of H3Cit-DNA and dsDNA were not elevated in women with borderline or malignant ovarian tumors compared with those of the benign group. (lu.se)
  • In 1929, Taylor first described a subset of epithelial ovarian tumors that he termed semimalignant. (medscape.com)
  • In the United States, borderline tumors make up approximately 15% of all epithelial ovarian tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Although serum tends to have greater levels of cfDNA, this is primarily attributed to DNA from lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multiwalled carbon nanotube -induced lung tumors. (cdc.gov)
  • At 17 months post-exposure, mice were euthanized and examined for lung tumor formation. (cdc.gov)
  • Our preliminary data suggests that MWCNT exposure promotes the growth of spontaneously and chemically initiated lung cells, resulting in the development of lung tumors. (cdc.gov)
  • The dead cells get broken down and their contents , including DNA, are released into the bloodstream. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Scientists have discovered that dying tumor cells release small pieces of their DNA into the bloodstream. (medlineplus.gov)
  • I thought it was the free energy in the bloodstream causedby sugar and alcohol that feeds a nascent or growing tumor… not metabolites like acetaldehyde. (cdc.gov)
  • No differences were found in the survival analyses of malignant ovarian tumors by analyzing the dsDNA and H3Cit-DNA levels. (lu.se)
  • In this review, we will discuss the multifaceted hypoxic control of DNA repair at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels, and we will offer perspective on the future of its clinical implications. (bibbase.org)
  • Pantomics Array Description: IHC control array containing 4 cases of strong, moderate, weak/nil Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1) expressers in. (delos.info)
  • The 2 major histologic tumor subtypes are serous and mucinous, with serous being more common. (medscape.com)
  • Analysis has concentrated on detecting tumor-specific variants, but recognition of germline variants may prove valuable as well. (nih.gov)
  • The present results support the use of TTMV-HPV DNA testing as an adjunct test for diagnosis and surveillance, however, future prospective studies are needed to inform the optimal timing of testing and determine how results should inform treatment decisions," the authors wrote. (genomeweb.com)
  • The good news: "More and more companies and organizations are offering tests to analyze individual tumors, and these results can be sent back to physicians," he says. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Gliomas can be dangerous: The glioblastoma is the most feared brain tumor, with a tendency toward rapid growth, spread and recurrence. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The primary objective of the FDA-led Sequencing and Quality Control Phase 2 (SEQC2) project is to develop standard analysis protocols and quality control metrics for use in DNA testing to enhance scientific research and precision medicine. (biorxiv.org)
  • As a tumor grows, cells die and are replaced by new ones. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The new research indicates that although these gliomas form from the same kinds of brain cells, their DNA aren't always alike, and that tumors can be further classified on a genetic basis. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Understanding these tumors involves more than identifying the characteristics of the cells - we must identify their genetics as well," Bettegowda says. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The data were primarily interpreted by regarding each tumor as a single population of cells with uniform character. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, treatment of cells with the DNA-damaging agent etoposide inhibits protein synthesis equally well in the presence of a pan-specific caspase inhibitor and in the presence or absence of PKR. (gla.ac.uk)
  • We describe here long-term studies on the effects of androgen withdrawal on cloned androgen-responsive S115 mouse mammary tumor cells as a model system to investigate mechanisms by which tumor cells lose their steroid sensitivity. (rupress.org)
  • In the prolonged absence of androgen, the cells lost hormone-sensitive parameters reproducibly, including loss of proliferative response, saturation density response, cell morphology response, and mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat (MMTV-LTR)-related RNA. (rupress.org)
  • Apoptotic or necrotic tumor cells discharge DNA fragments into the circulating blood system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA tells your body how and when to make new cells. (cdc.gov)
  • When the DNA is damaged or changed, cells might not die when they should and new cells might form when the body doesn't need them. (cdc.gov)
  • These extra cells can form a mass called a tumor. (cdc.gov)
  • We have therefore utilized a two stage initiation/promotion protocol to determine whether inhaled MWCNTs act as a complete carcinogen and/or promote the growth of cells with existing DNA damage. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSION: There is no association between NETs markers and ovarian tumors. (lu.se)
  • Tumor genetic sequencing identifies potentially targetable genetic alterations with therapeutic implications. (nih.gov)
  • Major tumor DNA alterations occurred in chromosome 8, 13, 18 and 20, where short survival included gain in 8q and loss in 8p. (lu.se)