AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
DNA ReplicationReplication Protein ADNA PrimaseDNA-Binding ProteinsDNA HelicasesViral ProteinsMinichromosome Maintenance ProteinsDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseDNA, ViralProliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenCell Cycle ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataT-PhagesBase SequencePlasmidsVirus ReplicationReplication OriginDNA, Single-StrandedReplication Protein CCell LineEscherichia coliAmino Acid SequenceS PhaseGenes, ViralMutationDNA Replication TimingDNA DamageDNA RepairDNAOrigin Recognition ComplexProtein BindingHeLa CellsMinichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 3Cell CycleRepliconSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeNuclear ProteinsHydroxyureaDNA Polymerase IIIRNA, ViralDNA Polymerase ISimian virus 40AphidicolinChromatinRecombination, GeneticDNA, FungalCell NucleusTombusvirusTobamovirusDNA Polymerase IIGene Expression Regulation, ViralExodeoxyribonucleasesMinichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2Transcription, GeneticNucleic Acid ConformationDNA, BacterialGeminiviridaeGenome, ViralBacterial ProteinsTemplates, GeneticCell ExtractsDnaB HelicasesRecQ HelicasesGemininAtaxia Telangiectasia Mutated ProteinsBinding SitesRNA ReplicaseProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesUltraviolet RaysRNA NucleotidyltransferasesFlap EndonucleasesMinichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 7Adenosine TriphosphatasesSchizosaccharomycesSchizosaccharomyces pombe ProteinsKineticsBacteriophage T4MitosisGenomic InstabilityXeroderma Pigmentosum Group A ProteinCloning, MolecularAntigens, Viral, TumorDNA PrimersRad51 RecombinaseDNA, CircularS Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsTrans-ActivatorsAntigens, Polyomavirus TransformingPhosphorylationChromosomes, BacterialFungal ProteinsDNA LigasesProtein Structure, TertiaryVero CellsChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneMinichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 4Rad52 DNA Repair and Recombination ProteinCheckpoint Kinase 2Models, Genetic
SynthesisLagging strandRecombinationEscherichiaStrandsInitiationMoleculeSequencesGenomicOccursHelicasesEnzymesLigaseCdt1Structural ClassifiBinding ProteinsDeoxyribonucleic AcidPrimaseSequenceGeneticsSaccharomycesPrimersSingle-strandedTranscription surroundingBindsChromosomesSemi conservative replicationTelomeraseInhibitorOkazakiUnwindInvolvesGeneHelicase activityForkUnwindsInitiateVitroFamily of proteinsComplexViral DNA polymerase2023EncodeAminoInitiatorTopoisomerasePathwayEpigeneticCellATPaseTopologyMacromoleculesMismatch repairDouble-stranded DNA molecules
Synthesis12
  • Synthesis of lagging strands in a reconstituted system using purified proteins. (neb.com)
  • Replication of the lagging strand of bacteriophage T7 DNA occurs in a discontinuous fashion that requires RNA-primed DNA synthesis, the removal of the RNA primers, the replacement of the ribonucleotides with deoxyribonucleotides, and the covalent joining of adjacent DNA fragments. (neb.com)
  • The requirement for DNA synthesis to fill the gap between adjacent DNA fragments can be fulfilled by Form II of T7 DNA polymerase but not by Form I. DNA synthesis catalyzed by Form II of T7 DNA polymerase eliminates gaps to create a substrate for DNA ligase whereas strand displacement synthesis catalyzed by Form I creates an aberrant structure that cannot be joined. (neb.com)
  • These processes are responsible for genetic continuity and protein synthesis, enabling life as we know it. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • On the other hand, RNA is a single chain of nucleotides primarily involved in protein synthesis following the master plan outlined by DNA. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • In contrast, quantitative Western blot analysis demonstrates that CENP-A protein synthesis occurs later, in G2. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, unlike most genomic chromatin, histone synthesis and assembly are uncoupled from DNA replication at the kinetochore. (rupress.org)
  • Uncoupling DNA replication from CENP-A synthesis suggests that regulated chromatin assembly or remodeling could play a role in epigenetic centromere propagation. (rupress.org)
  • It undergoes DNA replication and synthesis of viral capsid proteins inside the cell. (medscape.com)
  • On the leading strand, replication occurs continuously in a 5 to 3 direction, whereas on the lagging strand, DNA replication occurs discontinuously by synthesis and joining of short Okazaki fragments. (kegg.jp)
  • In contrast to the RNA-directed DNA synthesis by telomerase, ALT relies on recombination and replication of telomere DNA to extend telomeres. (massgeneral.org)
  • Replication may be categorized into immediate early, delayed early, and late gene expression based on time of synthesis after infection. (medscape.com)
Lagging strand4
  • All steps in the replication of a lagging strand have been coupled in a model system that catalyzes the formation of covalently closed, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules using single-stranded viral DNA as template. (neb.com)
  • An artist in its own right, Ligase dutifully connects Okazaki fragments (short sequences produced at the lagging strand) during replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Normally, during replication of the lagging-strand DNA template, an RNA primer is removed either by an RNase H or by the 5 to 3 exonuclease activity of DNA pol I, and the DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments. (kegg.jp)
  • DNA ligase is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during replication. (varsitytutors.com)
Recombination5
  • Recombination and Pol ζ Rescue Defective DNA Replication upon Impaired CMG Helicase-Pol ε Interaction. (yeastgenome.org)
  • The communication between molecular motors and double-stranded DNA binding proteins is a common feature in DNA replication, repair, recombination and transcription and also in instances where conflict occurs between these processes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Furthermore, PARP-1 abrogation leads to increased DNA resection tracks and an increase of homologous recombination in cellulo. (nature.com)
  • Dr. Zou and his team postulated that such cancer cell lines were those without active telomerase, relying instead on the ALT pathway, which lengthens telomeres through recombination with telomeric DNA sequences from the same or other chromosomes. (massgeneral.org)
  • RPA functions as a DNA repair protein that promotes DNA recombination, and the ALT pathway is known to be a process that is dependent on recombination. (massgeneral.org)
Escherichia2
  • The removal of the RNA primers is catalyzed by the 5' to 3' hydrolytic activities of either Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I or the T7 gene 6 exonuclease. (neb.com)
  • They used single-molecule imaging to record molecular movies that zoomed in with high temporal and spatial resolution on the fate of Escherichia coli replication forks as they approached a termination site from either direction. (sciencedaily.com)
Strands15
  • TYPES OF REPLICATION 6 Hypothetically, therecouldbethreepossible waysthat DNAreplication occur: Conservative replication: Bothparental strands stay together afterDNAreplication. (slideshare.net)
  • The star enzyme that plays a critical role in synthesizing new DNA strands by following the older DNA as a template. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • These are essentially the core building blocks of new DNA strands. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Life depends on double-stranded DNA unwinding and separating into single strands that can be copied for cell division. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The process may also help to solve what the study's senior researcher called one of the greatest mysteries of biology: How double-stranded DNA separates into single strands to start the replication process. (sciencedaily.com)
  • During DNA replication, the MCM complex is positioned at the fork where double-stranded DNA separates into single strands. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Those strands are copied to produce a new DNA molecule. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Based on the newly determined structure of the replication machinery, the researchers proposed that the MCM complexes begin to move in different directions, leading to separation of double-stranded DNA into single strands. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In this process, the two strands of DNA making up the circular DNA molecule unwind and separate to become templates for generating new strands. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To ensure the process is well regulated, the bacterium has set a number of "roadblocks," or termination sites on the DNA, to ensure the permanent stoppage of replication forks, Y-shaped structures formed between the strands as the DNA molecule splits. (sciencedaily.com)
  • DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied. (jove.com)
  • How many individual DNA strands exist after one molecule of DNA has been replicated? (answers.com)
  • DNA is made of 2 strands so when it replicates the strands separate and 2 new strands complete the old strands. (answers.com)
  • This results in a total of four strands of DNA. (answers.com)
  • DNA helicase unwinds the double helix, separating the two strands so they may be replicated by DNA polymerase. (varsitytutors.com)
Initiation5
Molecule4
  • DNA, a double-stranded molecule, is the primary genetic material directly responsible for development and inheritable traits. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Proteins are one of the major classes of bio molecule polymers that are made up of amino acid monomers, and so amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins. (pearson.com)
  • After a molecule of DNA replicates, two double-stranded molecules are formed. (answers.com)
  • We have recently shown that the replication of rhinovirus, poliovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus requires the co-translational N-myristoylation of viral proteins by human host cell N-myristoyltransferases (NMTs), and is inhibited by treatment with IMP-1088, an ultrapotent small molecule NMT inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
Sequences5
  • To identify novel KSHV antiviral targets, we propose to identify virus-specific protein functions and protein conformations by employing highly specialized electron microscopy methods to directly visualize purified KSHV DNA replication proteins and viral DNA sequences during the formation of the DNA replication fork at the viral origins of replication. (nccu.edu)
  • The S. cerevisiae ORC binds to specific DNA sequences throughout the cell cycle but becomes active only when it binds to the replication initiator Cdc6. (nature.com)
  • In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , there are over 400 origins of DNA replication located on 16 chromosomes and they can function as autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs) when inserted into a plasmid 19 . (nature.com)
  • G-quadruplex (G4) DNA, an alternate structure formed by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds between guanines in G-rich sequences, threatens genomic stability by perturbing normal DNA transactions including replication, repair, and transcription. (nih.gov)
  • The specification of metazoan centromeres does not depend strictly on centromeric DNA sequences, but also requires epigenetic factors. (rupress.org)
Genomic5
  • These findings suggest FANCJ is a specialized Fe-S cluster helicase that preserves chromosomal stability by unwinding unimolecular G4 DNA likely to form in transiently unwound single-stranded genomic regions. (nih.gov)
  • The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
  • Cytological analysis of DNA replication further demonstrated that centromeres replicate asynchronously in parallel with numerous other genomic regions. (rupress.org)
  • Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
  • The cellular response to DNA damage involves an intricate network of enzymes responsible for sensing, signaling, and repairing damaged DNA, as well as the regulation of cell cycle checkpoints that collectively maintain genomic integrity 2 . (nature.com)
Occurs2
  • In previous studies, we suggested that this inhibition is likely a defense mechanism developed by phage phi29 to prevent the action of UDG if uracilation occurs in DNA either from deamination of cytosine or the incorporation of dUMP during viral DNA replication. (nih.gov)
  • It is now well established that DNA Replication occurs semi conservatively, copying each strand of DNA separately, to produce two new DNA double helices. (biologyexams4u.com)
Helicases3
  • Helicases that unwind structured DNA molecules are emerging as an important class of G4-resolving enzymes. (nih.gov)
  • The BRCA1-associated FANCJ helicase is among those helicases able to unwind G4 DNA in vitro, and FANCJ mutations are associated with breast cancer and linked to Fanconi anemia. (nih.gov)
  • FANCJ efficiently unwound in a kinetic and ATPase-dependent manner entropically favored unimolecular G4 DNA, whereas other Fe-S helicases tested did not. (nih.gov)
Enzymes3
  • The course plot for the saga of replication involves an array of characters, including enzymes like DNA polymerase, working tirelessly as diligent scribes, replicating each chapter accurately from the DNA template. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Prior to cell division, double-stranded DNA is encircled by two separate MCM complex enzymes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A complex network of interacting proteins and enzymes is required for DNA replication. (kegg.jp)
Ligase4
  • Either the host or phage DNA ligase can effect the final covalent joining. (neb.com)
  • A combination of four bacteriophage proteins, gene 4 protein, Form II of T7 DNA polymerase, gene 6 exonuclease, and DNA ligase, can accomplish this overall reaction. (neb.com)
  • FEN 1 and RNase H1 remove the RNA from the Okazaki fragments and DNA ligase I joins the DNA. (kegg.jp)
  • De openingen tussen de fragmenten worden vervolgens afgedicht door DNA-ligase om een continue streng te genereren. (jove.com)
Cdt12
  • The ORC-Cdc6 complex (product 1) assembles in step 1 around origin DNA and with the help of another replication initiator protein, Cdt1, it recruits the Mcm2-7 hexamer to the origin in step 2. (nature.com)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
Structural Classifi1
  • SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. (berkeley.edu)
Binding Proteins1
  • 1. Unwindingof DNADuplex:  Helicase enzyme  Topoisomerase  Single Stranded Binding Proteins 1. (slideshare.net)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid2
  • Briefly put, both DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) carry genetic information of all life forms guiding their biological functions. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • HPV is now known to be a small deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus that infects epithelial cells and causes a variety of skin lesions. (medscape.com)
Primase5
  • Promising new inhibitors that target the viral helicase-primase complex have been reported to block replication of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses, but they have no activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), another herpesvirus. (frontiersin.org)
  • The HCMV helicase-primase complex (pUL105-pUL102-pUL70) is essential for viral DNA replication and could thus be a relevant antiviral target. (frontiersin.org)
  • The DNA primase (DnaG) is needed to form RNA primers. (kegg.jp)
  • DNA primase forms a permanent complex with DNA polymerase alpha. (kegg.jp)
  • Primase adds an RNA primer to help initiate DNA replication. (varsitytutors.com)
Sequence7
  • Repairs are made by removing the section of DNA that contains errors and replacing it with a corrected DNA sequence. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Nucleosome-directed replication origin licensing independent of a consensus DNA sequence. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
  • A termination site comprises a 23-base pair termination sequence (Ter) bound to the protein terminus utilization substance (Tus). (sciencedaily.com)
  • 1. Is electrophilic or can be metabolical y activated to electrophiles does not alter the linear sequence of nucleotides (or bases) in the DNA, 2. (who.int)
  • Moreover, speci®c hy- found in narrow minor groove regions in a variety dration patterns seem to play a role in nucleotide sequence recognition by proteins (Otwinowski of oligonucleotide duplexes (Prive et al. (lu.se)
Genetics1
  • Replication, in the world of genetics, is a mesmerizing process through which a cell makes an exact copy or, to draw a more precise picture - duplicates its DNA. (aboutdarwin.com)
Saccharomyces3
Primers4
  • Tetraribonucleotides (pppACCC or pppACCA), synthesized by the T7 gene 4 protein on single-stranded DNA, are used as primers by T7 DNA polymerase to yield RNA-terminated DNA fragments. (neb.com)
  • A type of RNA polymerase, it sets the starting point for replication by adding small RNA primers. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Deze primers zijn essentieel voor de synthese van DNA, aangezien DNA-polymerase alleen nucleotiden kan toevoegen aan een bestaande streng. (jove.com)
  • Verwijder na de synthese van de nieuwe strengen, RNase H of aanvullende varianten van DNA-polymerase, de primers en synthetiseer DNA in hun plaats. (jove.com)
Single-stranded3
  • Stabilizers at heart, these proteins prevent re-annealing (reunion) of single-stranded DNAs before it's their time to replicate. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • July 31, 2019 A new study examines the evolutionary dynamics of circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The processes that maintain telomeres employ replication protein A (RPA), a single-stranded DNA binding protein. (massgeneral.org)
Transcription surrounding1
  • HIV has two stages of protein expression but these are not as a result of two stages of transcription surrounding replication but by the production of the Rev protein which is required for the export of the transcripts of the second set of proteins transcribed form the cell nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
Binds3
  • It binds the viral origin of replication and recruits DNA polymerase and s/s DNA-binding protein such that once its concentration is great enough it blocks the transcription of early genes and initiates genome replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) binds to sites in chromosomes to specify the location of origins of DNA replication. (nature.com)
  • And indeed the team found that in cells that use the ALT pathway, RPA binds persistently to telomeres, not detaching after replication. (massgeneral.org)
Chromosomes3
Semi conservative replication1
  • It's quite an intricate dance aimed at making sure every new chromosome is equipped with one old and one new strand of DNA - this is referred to as semi-conservative replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
Telomerase1
  • Telomerase Isaribonucleoproteincomplex consistingof proteins andanRNAthat actsasatemplate for telomereaddition tochromosomeends. (slideshare.net)
Inhibitor3
  • Quantitative fluorescence microscopy and transient transfection in the presence of aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA replication, show that CENP-A can assemble into centromeres in the absence of DNA replication. (rupress.org)
  • Treatment with NMT inhibitor IMP-1088 potently abrogated VACV infection, while VACV gene expression, DNA replication, morphogenesis and EV formation remained unaffected. (cdc.gov)
  • DNA is probably analogous to the internal hy- pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. (lu.se)
Okazaki1
  • It was also recently shown that PARP-1 is a sensor of unligated Okazaki fragments during DNA replication 16 and cells deficient in ribonucleotide excision repair are sensitized to PARP inhibition 17 . (nature.com)
Unwind2
  • The elements illustrated how the process works like a pulley system to "pull" a single strand of DNA through the MCM complex and unwind the DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Which of the following replication proteins is used to unwind the DNA double helix? (varsitytutors.com)
Involves1
  • DNA replication involves producing new copies of DNA molecules. (answers.com)
Gene7
  • The PMS2 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays an essential role in repairing DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The PMS2 protein joins with another protein called MLH1 (produced from the MLH1 gene) to form a two-protein complex called a dimer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • PMS2 gene variants result in near or complete loss of PMS2 protein production. (medlineplus.gov)
  • PMS2 gene variants involved in this condition lead to the production of an abnormally short or inactive PMS2 protein from one copy of the gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Because there is some functional PMS2 protein produced from the normal copy of the gene, mismatch repair activity in Lynch syndrome is reduced but not absent, as it is in CMMRD syndrome (described above). (medlineplus.gov)
  • This gene provides instructions for making the lamin B1 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Here, we report on the clinical impact of a novel NiV-derived nonspreading replicon particle lacking the fusion (F) protein gene (NiVF) as a vaccine in three small animal models of disease. (cdc.gov)
Helicase activity3
  • Exhibits a Magnesium-dependent ATP-dependent DNA-helicase activity that unwinds single- and double-stranded DNA in a 3'-5' direction. (lu.se)
  • E1 protein has helicase activity for replication, and E2 encodes DNA-binding protein for regulation of transcription. (medscape.com)
  • They form into a protein complex that has helicase activity and is involved in a variety of DNA-related functions including replication elongation, RNA transcription, chromatin remodeling, and genome stability. (bvsalud.org)
Fork2
  • Their results showed that efficiency of fork arrest is weakened by kinetic competition between the rate of strand separation by the helicase motor at the fork and the rate of rearrangement of Tus−Ter interactions that maintain Tus's strong grip on the DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
  • At the DNA replication fork, a DNA helicase (DnaB or MCM complex) precedes the DNA synthetic machinery and unwinds the duplex parental DNA in cooperation with the SSB or RPA. (kegg.jp)
Unwinds1
  • This enzyme unwinds the double-stranded DNA, paving the way for replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
Initiate2
  • On the other hand, the large T antigen is required and it acts to initiate replication directly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Based on the crystal structure in this research, we propose that a rotary mechanism drives the transformation to initiate DNA replication," said Eric Enemark, Ph.D., an associate member of the St. Jude Department of Structural Biology. (sciencedaily.com)
Vitro1
  • On the other hand, the action of UDG on uracil-containing phi29 DNA impaired in vitro viral DNA replication, which was prevented by the presence of protein p56. (nih.gov)
Family of proteins1
  • PARP-1 is the best-characterized member of the diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyl transferases (ARTDs) family of proteins. (nature.com)
Complex10
  • DNA Replication and RNA Transcription, although seemingly complex terms, hold within them concepts that are beautifully precise, methodical - true marvels of nature. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Enemark and his colleagues have produced the first atomic resolution image of the MCM complex bound to single-strand DNA and the molecules that fuel replication. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The image captured key structural details, including the orientation of both the MCM complex and single-strand DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This complex coordinates the activities of other proteins that repair errors made during DNA replication. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Rif1 controls DNA replication by directing Protein Phosphatase 1 to reverse Cdc7-mediated phosphorylation of the MCM complex. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Interactions of the human MCM-BP protein with MCM complex components and Dbf4. (yeastgenome.org)
  • In prokaryotes, the leading strand replication apparatus consists of a DNA polymerase (pol III core), a sliding clamp (beta), and a clamp loader (gamma delta complex). (kegg.jp)
  • Upon activation, PARP-1 synthesizes a structurally complex polymer composed of ADP-ribose units that facilitates local chromatin relaxation and the recruitment of DNA repair factors. (nature.com)
  • It is the largest (220 nm in diameter) and most complex herpesvirus, with a 235,000 double-stranded DNA genome. (medscape.com)
  • A hexameric protein complex of minichromosome maintenance proteins. (bvsalud.org)
Viral DNA polymerase1
  • Primer extension analysis showed that viral DNA polymerase incorporates dU opposite dA with a catalytic efficiency only 2-fold lower than that for dT. (nih.gov)
20231
Encode2
  • Parvoviruses encode two non-structural proteins, NS1 and NS2. (nih.gov)
  • L genes encode viral capsid proteins. (medscape.com)
Amino4
  • And so let's take a look at our example image down below at the formation of proteins from amino acid monitors to get a better idea of these concepts. (pearson.com)
  • Amino acids recall from our last lesson video are really just the monomers of proteins. (pearson.com)
  • And so linking together multiple amino acids allows us to build a protein polymer. (pearson.com)
  • Mutational analysis of several of these amino acids both in pUL105 and pUL70, proved that they are crucial for viral replication. (frontiersin.org)
Initiator2
  • The structure reveals that Cdc6 contributes to origin DNA recognition via its winged helix domain (WHD) and its initiator-specific motif. (nature.com)
  •  Originrecognitioncomplex(ORC)   Actsasthe initiator of eukaryotic DNA replication. (slideshare.net)
Topoisomerase1
  • Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)
Pathway1
Epigenetic2
  • An alternative view is that centromere identity is specified by an epigenetic mark on the chromosome that is independent of its underlying DNA ( Karpen and Allshire 1997 ). (rupress.org)
  • 4. Induces epigenetic alterations usual y arises as the cell attempts to repair the DNA damage. (who.int)
Cell5
ATPase1
  • It has DNA helicase and ATPase activity. (nih.gov)
Topology2
  • The papers cover recent results on the topology and geometry of DNA and protein knotting using techniques from knot theory, spatial graph theory, differential geometry, molecular simulations, and laboratory experimentation. (ams.org)
  • Graduate students and research mathematicians interested in applications of topology and DNA proteins. (ams.org)
Macromolecules1
  • polymerase involved, and this in- macromolecules including DNA, 2012) . (who.int)
Mismatch repair1
Double-stranded DNA molecules1