Dna polymerase mutations. Medical search. Frequent questions

Several techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to facilitate the characterization and phylogenetic analysis of variola virus isolates were described. (who.int)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a revolutionary laboratory technique that enables the replication of a specific DNA sequence. (news-medical.net)
Vandalia Research, Inc. announced today that the United States Patent and Trademark Office granted U.S. Patent No. 8,163,489, covering Vandalia's process for large-scale DNA production using polymerase chain reaction. (news-medical.net)
QIAGEN N.V. today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted two 510(k) clearances for its real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) instrument Rotor-Gene Q MDx and a compatible test for the detection of Influenza A/B, the artus Infl A/B RG RT-PCR Kit, for in vitro diagnostic use. (news-medical.net)
These tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing, look for abnormal changes in the genes, chromosomes, proteins or other molecules within the patient's cancer cells. (lls.org)
Polymerase chain reaction. (healthline.com)
Since PCR is too expensive to use in routine laboratories in Sri Lanka, one center could function as a reference laboratory where clinical samples can be tested using Polymerase Chain Reaction. (who.int)
Genomic DNA was extracted from the samples and analyzed for mutations in the p53 gene using the two stage polymerase chain (PCR) chain reaction and single strand configuration polymorphism analysis. (cdc.gov)
Typically, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to amplify a target sequence followed by a second assay to determine if the sequence contains a mutation associated with resistance, such as DNA sequencing or hybridization assays. (cdc.gov)
Incidence and molecular polymerase-chain-reaction amplification analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehyd- of the entire coding region from genomic rogenase deficiency in the province of DNA. (who.int)
There are two methods of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that have been the common methods to detect influenza infections: conventional and real-time RT-PCR. (who.int)
The gold standard assay for influenza diagnosis is the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. (who.int)

In eukaryotic cells, DNA polymerase beta (POLB) performs base excision repair (BER) required for DNA maintenance, replication, recombination, and drug resistance. (wikipedia.org)
An analysis of the fidelity of DNA replication by polymerase beta in the neurons from young and very aged mice indicated that aging has no significant effect on the fidelity of DNA synthesis by polymerase beta. (wikipedia.org)
DNA polymerase epsilon, which is involved in DNA repair and replication, is composed of a large catalytic subunit and a small accessory subunit. (nih.gov)
Gene 2.5 of bacteriophage T7 encodes a ssDNA binding protein (gp2.5) essential for DNA replication. (neb.com)
Pol γ "reads" sequences of mtDNA and uses them as templates to produce new copies of mtDNA in a process called DNA replication . (medlineplus.gov)
In contrast to these three Pols, which under certain conditions impede growth of the dnaN159 strain ( 29 , 39 , 40 ), presumably by impairing DNA replication, the catalytic DNA polymerase activity of Pol I ( polA ) is essential for viability of the dnaN159 strain ( 38 ). (asm.org)
Since Pol I is a multifunctional protein that participates in DNA replication, as well as numerous DNA repair pathways, several possibilities exist, including Okazaki fragment maturation ( 21 , 31 ) and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gap repair ( 16 , 22 ). (asm.org)
Since Pol III replication is abated in strains bearing the dnaN159 allele ( 14 , 35 , 38 ), due to the impaired ability of β159 to interact with the α catalytic subunit of Pol III ( 38 ), we hypothesized that the requirement for Pol I function in the dnaN159 strain might stem from its ability to augment Pol III function in DNA replication. (asm.org)
The most stringent authentication criteria proposed for ancient DNA, such as independent replication, amino-acid analysis, quantitation of template molecules, multiple extractions and cloning of PCR products, have been followed to obtain reliable sequences from the mtDNA hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), as well as some haplogroup diagnostic SNPs. (blogspot.com)
Many proofreading polymerases derived from archaeal Family B DNA polymerases stall replication in response to uracil bases in DNA templates (Wardle, J. et al. (neb.com)
During DNA replication, a molecular machine called a replisome forms at the replication fork where the two strands of DNA are separating. (blogspot.com)
The complex has two sliding clamps that bind the complex to the strands of DNA so that DNA replication is highly processive. (blogspot.com)
The overall mechanism of DNA replication is called semidiscontinuous to emphasize the different mechanisms for replicating each strand. (blogspot.com)
As the replication fork progresses, the parental DNA is unwound, and more and more single-stranded DNA becomes exposed. (blogspot.com)
These polymerases have no proofreading activity and are highly error-prone, leading to as many as one mutation every thousand nucleotides in each round of viral replication. (the-scientist.com)
Mutations in the mismatch repair or DNA polymerase genes lead to replication repair deficiency (RRD), a major cancer mechanism leading to genomic instability, microsatellite instability (MSI) and hypermutagenesis (high tumour mutation burden). (genomecanada.ca)
the processing of the DNA damage replication erro r (Shaughnessy and When DNA damage occurs, the by the cel , which may or may not DeMarini, 2009 ). (who.int)
a cel ular process, frequently invol- tion of DNA damage by an endoge- the DNA damage response includes ving DNA replication. (who.int)

Phylogenetic analysis with DNA amplification technologies. (who.int)
Each lot of Taq DNA Polymerase is tested for PCR amplification and double-stranded sequencing. (sigmaaldrich.com)
We describe conditions for rolling-circle amplification (RCA) of individual DNA molecules 5-7 kb in size by >10(9)-fold, using phi29 DNA polymerase. (jcvi.org)
The principal difficulty with amplification of small amounts of template by RCA using phi29 DNA polymerase is "background" DNA synthesis that usually occurs when template is omitted, or at low template concentrations. (jcvi.org)
Cell-free cloning of single circular molecules by using phi29 DNA polymerase was achieved by carrying out the amplification reactions in very small volumes, typically 600 nl. (jcvi.org)
This DNA can be sequenced directly from the phi29 DNA polymerase reaction without further amplification. (jcvi.org)
In contrast to PCR amplification, RCA using phi29 DNA polymerase does not produce mutant jackpots, and the high processivity of the enzyme eliminates stuttering at homopolymer tracts. (jcvi.org)
Achieve superior amplification of bisulfite-converted, deaminated, or damaged DNA (e.g. (neb.com)
Q5U is a hot start polymerase containing a unique aptamer selected for polymerase inhibition at room temperature and optimal amplification during typical PCR conditions. (neb.com)
Amplification of bisulfite-converted human genomic DNA targets using Q5U Hot Start High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase (Q5U), Phusion U Hot Start DNA Polymerase (P) and KAPA Hifi HotStart Uracil+ ReadyMix PCR Kit (K). Amplicon name and sizes are indicated above the gel. (neb.com)
Amplification of FFPE normal lung DNA (Biochain). (neb.com)
After amplification, the two resulting amplicons (210 and 528 bp) will overlap by 24 bp and contain the desired mutations ( Figure 2 ). (genengnews.com)
The objective of the study was to develop a rapid method to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis from clinical samples and the applicability of DNA amplification techniques to a developing country like Sri Lanka. (who.int)
In conclution, DNA amplification is a rapid, reliable and accurate method with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA sequences and it can replace the conventional culture method in the diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis meningitis except in the situation when antibiotic sensitivity results are required. (who.int)
Genetic or molecular tests for detecting mutations are, in general, variations of nucleic acid amplification (NAA) tests. (cdc.gov)

Screening for suppressors of dominant lethal mutations of essential genes is challenging as the phenotype prevents propagation. (neb.com)
Extragenic suppressor mutations occur in several genes encoding enzymes of DNA metabolism. (neb.com)
Whithout mutations we would know very little about inheritance and the existence of genes. (intechopen.com)
DNA polymerase eta is an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes. (proteopedia.org)
Life Technologies Corporation today announced the expansion to its TaqMan Mutation Detection Assays -- highly sensitive and novel molecular analysis research tools designed to detect an additional 241 of the most common mutations in 21 cancer genes. (news-medical.net)
These include environmental DNA samples that have proven difficult to clone and synthetic genes encoding toxic products. (jcvi.org)
14 Pokorny et al 15 studied three polymorphisms located inside or near the MLH1 gene, one of the DNA mismatch repair genes implicated in hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC), 16 in a cohort of IBD patients. (bmj.com)
They are used for diagnosis and treatment planning.In suspected cases of ET, doctors test for mutations of the JAK2 , MPL and CALR genes. (lls.org)
This is a technique that allows researchers to evaluate mutations in multiple genes at the same time. (healthline.com)
In genetically normal individuals, with normal germline genes, this necessitates a rare combination of events, such that at least 2 somatic mutations must occur in both alleles of a single tumor suppressor gene, in this case the APC gene. (medscape.com)

The common A467T mutation in the human mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POLG) compromises catalytic efficiency and interaction with the accessory subunit. (musc.edu)

After 3-4 cycles, single clones were isolated and screened by PCR using a high discrimination HiDi polymerase (myPols) and primers with the targeted original or mutated nucleotide at the 3′ end (see Table S5). (mypols.de)

Here, we describe an oligonucleotide synthesis strategy that uses the template-independent polymerase terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). (nature.com)
Figure 2: TdT-dNTP conjugates can extend a DNA molecule by a single nucleotide in 10-20 s, enabling stepwise DNA synthesis. (nature.com)
Kosuri, S. & Church, G.M. Large-scale de novo DNA synthesis: technologies and applications. (nature.com)
Caruthers, M.H. A brief review of DNA and RNA chemical synthesis. (nature.com)
Caruthers, M.H. The chemical synthesis of DNA/RNA: our gift to science. (nature.com)
Lee, YS, Kennedy, WD & Yin, YW 2009, ' Structural Insight into Processive Human Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Disease-Related Polymerase Mutations (DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2009.07.050) ', Cell , vol. 139, no. 4, pp. 828. (utmb.edu)
XPV shows normal nucleotide excision repair, but an exaggerated delay in recovery of replicative DNA synthesis. (proteopedia.org)
Plays an important role in translesion synthesis, where the normal high fidelity DNA polymerases cannot proceed and DNA synthesis stalls. (proteopedia.org)
DNA synthesis has been extensively studied, but the chemical reaction itself has not been visualized. (proteopedia.org)
Itoh T, Linn S, Kamide R, Tokushige H, Katori N, Hosaka Y, Yamaizumi M. Xeroderma pigmentosum variant heterozygotes show reduced levels of recovery of replicative DNA synthesis in the presence of caffeine after ultraviolet irradiation. (proteopedia.org)
High resolution crystal structures of DNA polymerase intermediates are needed to study the mechanism of DNA synthesis in cells. (elifesciences.org)
Here we report five crystal structures of DNA polymerase I that capture new conformations for the polymerase translocation and nucleotide pre-insertion steps in the DNA synthesis pathway. (elifesciences.org)
Yet, to fully understand the mechanisms of DNA synthesis all intermediate structures need to be identified. (elifesciences.org)
Together, these structures provide new insight into the mechanism of DNA synthesis and highlight the dynamic nature of the finger subdomain in the enzyme active site. (elifesciences.org)
DNA sequencing and recombinant techniques soon permitted biosynthetic production of natural products, which for some organic synthesis proved intractable. (openwetware.org)
The replisome contains activities that separate the strands and hold them apart for synthesis by the replisome version of DNA polymerase, called DNA polymerase III in bacteria. (blogspot.com)
Since the two strands of DNA are antiparallel, synthesis using one template strand occurs in the same direction as fork movement, but synthesis using the other template strand occurs in the direction opposite fork movement. (blogspot.com)
This limitation presents no difficulty for leading-strand synthesis since once DNA synthesis is under way nucleotides are continuously added to a growing chain. (blogspot.com)
The use of short RNA primers gets around the limitation imposed by the mechanism of DNA polymerase, namely, that it cannot initiate DNA synthesis de novo . (blogspot.com)
About once every second, primase catalyzes the synthesis of a short RNA primer using this single-stranded DNA as a template. (blogspot.com)
DNA polymerase III catalyzes synthesis of DNA in the 5′ → 3′ direction by extending each short RNA primer. (blogspot.com)
The reaction proceeds in three steps: removal of the RNA primer, synthesis of replacement DNA, and sealing of the adjacent DNA fragments. (blogspot.com)

It specializes in inserting nucleotides across from bulky lesions in template DNA (for example, from harmful UV exposure). (creighton.edu)
Archaeal family B-type polymerases can incorporate/tolerate a variety of modified nucleotides but will stall upon encountering uracil and inosine residues. (neb.com)
Here we describe the use of New England Biolabs' Gibson Assembly Master Mix in two different mutagenesis experiments: first, multiple mutations of the lacZ gene ( Figure 1 ) and second, the mutation of 5 of the 6 nucleotides at position 174-179 of eGFP from CTGACC to TTCTAT in order to change the amino acid sequence from LeuThr to PheTyr ( Figure 2 ). (genengnews.com)
A mutation is defined as a sing of the DNA damage by the cel by replicating past the unrepaired change in the sequence or number (the DNA damage response), and DNA damage, thereby introducing a of nucleotides in the DNA. (who.int)

In the xeroderma pigmentosum variant, a mutation occurs in DNA polymerase η. (medscape.com)
Yuasa M, Masutani C, Eki T, Hanaoka F. Genomic structure, chromosomal localization and identification of mutations in the xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) gene. (proteopedia.org)
Molecular analysis of mutations in DNA polymerase eta in xeroderma pigmentosum-variant patients. (proteopedia.org)

Collectively, these data indicate that CMD2-type resistance is caused by a nonsynonymous, single nucleotide polymorphism in DNA polymerase δ subunit 1 (MePOLD1) located within this region. (uzh.ch)
Mutations/polymorphisms in the 55 kDa subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon in human colorectal cancer. (nih.gov)
The solution structure of the amino-terminal domain of human DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B is homologous to C-domains of AAA+ proteins. (nih.gov)
Purification, cDNA cloning, and gene mapping of the small subunit of human DNA polymerase epsilon. (nih.gov)
This gene provides instructions for making one part, the alpha subunit, of a protein called polymerase gamma (pol γ). (medlineplus.gov)

As poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is overexpressed in various cancer types, and is localized to the nucleus, PARP-1 can be safely targeted with Auger emitters to induce DNA damage in tumors. (osti.gov)
These tumors may show microsatellite instability and have mutations in PTEN , PIK3CA , KRAS , and CTNNB 1. (msdmanuals.com)
Additionally, evidence also exists for a genetic predisposition to desmoid tumors in FAP, independent of the APC mutation. (medscape.com)
Desmoid tumors occur at a rate of 10-15% in patients with FAP, an autosomal inherited disease caused by germline mutations in the APC gene. (medscape.com)
[ 11 ] Desmoid tumors show biallelic APC mutation, with one change usually occurring distal to the second beta-catenin binding/degradation repeat of the gene (3' to codon 1399). (medscape.com)
In desmoid tumors, one of the two mutations usually occurs distal to the second beta-catenin binding/degradation repeat of the gene (3' to codon 1399). (medscape.com)
Eight tumors had p53 mutations. (cdc.gov)
The p53 mutations were detected in five high grade tumors and in three low grade tumors. (cdc.gov)
The occurrence of these mutations in the tumors was not significantly associated with age or years of smoking. (cdc.gov)
In desmoid tumors, 1 of the 2 mutations usually occurs distal to the second beta-catenin binding/degradation repeat of the gene (3' to codon 1399). (medscape.com)
Independent predictors of increased desmoid risk in one study were said to be (1) germline mutation distal to codon 1399, (2) any family history of gastrointestinal disease, and (3) a strong family history of desmoid tumors. (medscape.com)
Desmoid tumors are associated with a biallelic APC mutation in the affected tissue. (medscape.com)

Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome is caused by mutations in the POLG gene. (medlineplus.gov)
Although the mechanism is unknown, mutations in the POLG gene often result in a reduced number of copies of mtDNA (mtDNA depletion), particularly in muscle, brain, and liver cells. (medlineplus.gov)
A mutation in the POLG gene has not been identified in approximately 13 percent of people diagnosed with Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)

I was studying the recruitment mechanism of this enigmatic polymerase because it is both friend and foe. (creighton.edu)
The three-dimensional crystal structure of the DnaG catalytic domain revealed its folding and active site are distinct from the well studied polymerases, suggesting that it may employ a novel enzyme mechanism. (blogspot.com)

The Escherichia coli dnaN159 allele encodes a mutant form of the β-sliding clamp (β159) that is impaired for interaction with the replicative DNA polymerase (Pol), Pol III. (asm.org)
The Escherichia coli dnaN -encoded β-sliding clamp functions as a homodimer and is "loaded" onto primed DNA by the multisubunit DnaX clamp loader complex ( 5 , 21 ). (asm.org)
This procedure allows cell-free cloning of individual synthetic DNA molecules that cannot be cloned in Escherichia coli, for example synthetic phage genomes carrying lethal mutations. (jcvi.org)
The recent Encyclopedia of studies in the 1950s and 1960s in Escherichia coli and then by DNA Elements (ENCODE) project showed binding of carcinogens to nu- Szybalski (1958) , who tested more indicates that at least 80% of the cleic acids ( Wiest and Heidelberger, than 400 compounds in E. coli . (who.int)

Frameshift mutagenesis encompasses the gain or loss of DNA base pairs, resulting in altered genetic outcomes. (jascoinc.com)
Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) is a commonly used technique for introducing mutations into a gene of interest. (genengnews.com)
The process of mutagenesis be called DNA-damaging agents. (who.int)
In the context of the process of a necessary role in the potential mu- agents were found to be mutagens, mutagenesis described above, the tagenic activity of such compounds, leading to the conclusion that carcin- term "mutagen" refers to an agent or even that DNA, as opposed to ogens were general y not mutagenic. (who.int)

Here, we present a crystal structure of a precatalytic complex of a DNA polymerase with bound substrates that include the primer 3'-OH and catalytic Mg2+. (rcsb.org)
Comparison with two new structures of DNA polymerase beta lacking the 3'-OH or catalytic Mg2+ is described. (rcsb.org)

In all tissues examined (brain, liver, spleen and testes) the ability to repair DNA damage declined significantly with age, and the reduction in repair capability correlated with decreased levels of DNA polymerase beta at both the protein and messenger RNA levels. (wikipedia.org)
Reference: Mutations in the gene 5 DNA polymerase of bacteriophage T7 suppress the dominant lethal phenotype of gene 2.5 ssDNA binding protein lacking the C-terminal phenylalanine. (neb.com)
These phenotypes appear to result, at least in part, from impaired interactions of the mutant β159 clamp protein with the replicative DNA polymerase, Pol III ( 38 ). (asm.org)
Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
RNA polymerase-associated protein RapA (EC 3.6.4. (weizmann.ac.il)
There is now considerable evidence that the incredible severity and infectivity of the 1918 pandemic flu strain was caused by a mutation in the gene coding for the virus's main interferon antagonist, the NS1 protein ( Arch Virol Suppl , 19:101-15, 2005). (the-scientist.com)
[ 12 , 13 ] The relationship between extracolonic manifestations and the site of the APC mutation suggests a specific role of the APC protein in different tissues. (medscape.com)

These gene mutations lead to the overproduction of immature promyelocytes. (healthline.com)

Gardner syndrome was regarded as a separate disease until the identification of the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene, at which point mutations in the APC gene were recognized as the underlying cause of both Gardner syndrome and FAP. (medscape.com)

It is known that Pol Zeta is a major contributor to formation of cancer mutations in result to environmental damage. (creighton.edu)

Mutations can result in XP, an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet light and a predisposition to skin cancer. (rndsystems.com)
Because their genomes are composed of RNA rather than DNA, these viruses must use their own RNA polymerase to copy their genetic information. (the-scientist.com)
Health professionals perform a DNA sequencing technique that allows them to identify mutations and small genetic changes. (healthline.com)
These tests have been referred to in various publications as genetic or molecular drug-susceptibility tests, genetic or molecular detection of drug resistance tests, molecular tests to detect drug (or antimicrobial or antibiotic)-resistance mutations, or tests to detect molecular or genetic markers of drug resistance. (cdc.gov)
Because of the strong association between the presence of mutations in the RRDR and rifampin resistance, several molecular genetic tests to detect RRDR mutations have been developed and evaluated for their ability to detect resistance in clinical isolates. (cdc.gov)

Further, verification of mutation incorporation can be difficult when the insertion site sequence lacks convenient restriction sites for analysis. (genengnews.com)
Gibson Assembly™, developed by Daniel Gibson and his colleagues at the J. Craig Venter Institute, is a rapid and reliable method for the assembly of DNA fragments in a single-tube, isothermal reaction without reliance upon the presence of restriction sites within the target sequence. (genengnews.com)
The process of agent-induced mu- the mutation - either through faulty not a mutation and general y does tagenesis consists of three parts: the DNA repair of the mutagen-induced not alter the linear sequence of nu- induction of DNA damage, the sen- or spontaneous DNA damage, or cleotides. (who.int)
munological factors by carcinogens, ly bypasses the damage, resulting in permitting the formation and growth a normal DNA sequence. (who.int)
Based on the TBX5, GATA4, and HEY2, often simultaneously incidence of somatic mutations described in the within the same patient.9-13 The observation of two previously published reports, our study was adequately or more somatic sequence variants in the same powered to replicate the previous studies. (cdc.gov)

possibility is that the damage is not induces mutations in a mutation integrated viral genome ( Todaro and repaired at al , and when the cell rep- assay permits it to be classified as Huebner, 1972) , and alteration of im- licates, the DNA polymerase correct- mutagenic. (who.int)

A review article about iron-sulfur clusters in DNA polymerase and primase enzymes. (creighton.edu)
During this process, the helix unwinds and enzymes called polymerases produce new strands (using the old ones as a template). (elifesciences.org)
metabolism of carcinogens and drugs by cytochrome P450 enzymes, the bioactivation of halogenated hydrocarbons, and polymerase interactions with carcinogen-modified DNA. (cdc.gov)

It has both 5′→3′ polymerase and exonuclease activity. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The Committee concluded that additional work may be needed to assess the viability of the stocks held in VECTOR, and that further molecular characterization of additional strains may be valuable in helping to identify strains from which further DNA sequences could be determined. (who.int)
Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular basis or genetics of drug resistance have enabled development of rapid, DNA-based, molecular tests to detect mutations associated with drug resistance. (cdc.gov)
In the California Microbial Diseases Laboratory, molecular beacon assays were designed to detect mutations in the rpoB gene directly from clinical specimens and from cultures. (cdc.gov)
The critical contribution of molecular DR tests for TB treatment and control is earlier detection of resistance: they can reliably detect mutations associated with drug resistance in 1 to 2 days. (cdc.gov)

DNA polymerase beta, also known as POLB, is an enzyme present in eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
Mammalian cell mitochondria contain an efficient base excision repair system employing POLB that removes some frequent oxidative DNA damages. (wikipedia.org)
As a result of the impaired β159-Pol III interaction, E. coli strains bearing the dnaN159 allele display increased utilization of the three SOS-regulated DNA polymerases, Pol II ( polB ), Pol IV ( dinB ), and Pol V ( umuDC ) ( 29 , 38 - 40 ). (asm.org)

POLH_HUMAN ] DNA polymerase specifically involved in DNA repair. (proteopedia.org)
XP variant (XPV) is a form of XP caused by mutation in the DNA polymerase eta (POLH) gene. (rndsystems.com)

The basic defect in xeroderma pigmentosum is in nucleotide excision repair (NER), leading to deficient repair of DNA damaged by UV radiation. (medscape.com)

endometrial cancer due to inherited mutations tends to occur at a younger age and is often diagnosed 10 to 20 years earlier than sporadic cancer. (msdmanuals.com)

Taq polymerase catalyzes oligonucleotide primer-driven, DNA template dependent incorporation of dNTPs into complimentary DNA strands. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The affected residues map in proximity to aromatic residues and to residues in contact with DNA in the crystal structure of T7 DNA polymerase-thioredoxin. (neb.com)
For this experiment, two overlapping primer sets were designed to incorporate appropriate mutations to alter the two amino acid residues. (genengnews.com)
Excises uracil residues from the DNA which can arise as a result of misincorporation of dump residues by DNA polymerase or due to deamination of cytosine. (lu.se)

It also allows cell-free cloning of genomic DNA isolated from bacteria. (jcvi.org)
Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral lymphocytes following standard procedures. (bmj.com)
Genomic DNA was isolated and amplified using nature for these variants. (cdc.gov)

By introducing multiple complementary mutations in the primers at the overlap region, the Gibson Assembly Master Mix forms a single, covalently bonded DNA molecule that contains the desired mutations and can be directly transformed into competent cells and screened or sequenced. (genengnews.com)
Examples DNA repair and apoptosis path- concept is that there is a distinct dif- of DNA damage are DNA adducts ways, which are described in detail ference between DNA damage and (i.e. a molecule bound covalently to by Ciccia and El edge (2010) . (who.int)

For hydrolysis probe based assays, please refer to our HiDi Taq DNA polymerase or our HiDi Taq 2x PCR master mix. (mypols.de)

We select for phage encoding a dominant lethal version of gene 2.5, whose viability is recovered via second-site suppressor mutation(s). (neb.com)
We have focused on the suppressor mutations in gene 5 encoding the T7 DNA polymerase (gp5) as the gp5/gp2.5 interaction is well documented. (neb.com)
The suppressor mutations in gene 5 are necessary and sufficient to suppress the lethal phenotype of gp2.5 lacking the C-terminal phenylalanine. (neb.com)

Taq DNA Polymerase is a thermostable enzyme derived from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus . (sigmaaldrich.com)

E. coli strains bearing the dnaN159 allele display temperature-sensitive growth ( 14 , 35 , 38 ) and altered DNA polymerase (Pol) usage ( 29 , 38 - 40 ). (asm.org)
WHO Collaborating Centre for Orthopoxvirus Diagnosis and Repository for Variola Virus Strains and DNA, State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation. (who.int)
Results obtained from Restriction fragment length polymorphism typing show that the mahority of circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Sri Lanka belong to a limited number of families, but the degree of IS6160 DNA polymorphism among strains were high. (who.int)
For example, ~95% of rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis strains carry mutations within the rifampin resistance-determining region (RRDR), an 81-bp region of the rpoB gene. (cdc.gov)

DNA molecules consist of two separate strands that spiral around each other to form a structure called the double helix. (elifesciences.org)

DNA polymerase beta maintains genome integrity by participating in base excision repair. (wikipedia.org)

Q5U contains a mutation in the uracil-binding pocket that enables the ability to read and amplify templates containing uracil and inosine bases. (neb.com)

FAP results from a germline mutation in the APC gene. (medscape.com)
In FAP syndrome patients, one APC germline gene is already mutated in every cell in the body (barring a rare reverse somatic mutation in some cells), and, therefore, only one new somatic mutation is required in the opposite APC gene for the tumor to develop. (medscape.com)

373XL automated DNA sequencers in Address for correspondence: Kamalesh Sarkar, These traps were placed on the ground the UTMB Sequencing Core. (cdc.gov)
Detection of Mpox Virus Using Microbial Cell-free DNA: the Potential of Pathogen-Agnostic Sequencing for Rapid Identification of Emerging Pathogens. (amedeo.com)

This usually results from a spontaneous somatic mutation in the unaffected APC gene of a single cell in a patient with the FAP syndrome. (medscape.com)
No evidence of patients and even within the same gene is expected somatic mutations was found in this study. (cdc.gov)

This is an error-prone DNA polymerase. (creighton.edu)

A polymerase then fills in the gaps, which are sealed by the DNA ligase. (genengnews.com)
The steps are carried out by the combined action of DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase. (blogspot.com)

For this, we focus on the three main groups of CIEs: mitochondrial DNA, chloroplast DNA, and symbiont genomes. (nature.com)

HiDi® DNA polymerase is supplied as a 5 U/µl solution containing glycerol and is supplied together with 10x reaction buffer which has been optimized for short amplicons between 50-200 bp of length. (mypols.de)
An aliquot of the Local health authorities were advised feensis has been found in several negative control reaction containing that commercial sex workers and their states, while E. ewingii has only been no DNA template was carried through clients should be vaccinated to pre- found in North Carolina, Florida, and both rounds of the nested PCR with vent HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
Taq DNA polymerase comes with the choice of an optimized 10× reaction buffer including MgCl 2 (D1806) or a 10× reaction buffer without MgCl 2 plus a separate tube of MgCl 2 for titration (D4545). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Each 25 μl reaction contained 12 ng of bisulfite-converted DNA (Qiagen). (neb.com)
Each 25 μl reaction contained 18 ng of FFPE DNA (Biochain). (neb.com)

Belongs to the uracil-DNA glycosylase family. (lu.se)

In this experiment, multiple primers were designed to incorporate three mutations within the gene. (genengnews.com)
First, fragments with designed mutations in the primers were PCR amplified using the following primer pairs: lacZ-F1/R1, lacZ-F2/R2, lacZ-F3/R3, lacZ-F4/R4, and T7-For/T7-Rev. The resulting amplicons contained 18-20 bp overlaps and the desired mutations ( Figure 1 ). (genengnews.com)
In this example, multiple mutations are introduced into the lacZ gene through overlapping primers followed by PCR. (genengnews.com)
The primers are synthesized by a DNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme called primase-the product of the dna G gene in E. coli . (blogspot.com)

The sensitivity of the PCR method is largely dependent on the efficiency of the DNA extraction procedure which, could probably be improved by modifications of the lysis technique. (who.int)

The authors conclude that the study data confirm links between p53 mutations and advanced tumor grade, a high proportion of G/C to C/G transversions, and the occurrence of double mutations in human bladder cancer. (cdc.gov)
We are also investigating the clinical utility of monitoring circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in cancer patients. (lu.se)

The cost is that Polymerase (Pol) Zeta often makes mutations as it bypasses damage. (creighton.edu)

HiDi® DNA polymerase is hotstart-formulated with an aptamer. (mypols.de)

If a mutation thought to be associated with resistance is detected in such a rapid test, the bacteria are considered to be drug resistant. (cdc.gov)
If no mutation is detected, the bacteria are assumed to be drug susceptible. (cdc.gov)

Most endometrial cancer is caused by sporadic mutations. (msdmanuals.com)

Approximately 90 percent of patients with ET have a mutation of the JAK2, MPL or CALR gene. (lls.org)
About 10 percent of ET patients do not have a JAK2, MPL or CALR gene mutation. (lls.org)

Johnson RE, Kondratick CM, Prakash S, Prakash L. hRAD30 mutations in the variant form of xeroderma pigmentosum. (proteopedia.org)

DNA polymerases catalyze chain elongation exclusively in the 5′ → 3′ direction. (blogspot.com)

Q5U Hot Start High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase is a modified Q5 High-Fidelity DNA polymerase which efficiently incorporates dUTP and amplifies uracil-containing templates. (neb.com)

DNA analysis of perilymphatic fluid were determined in the serum. (who.int)
Analysis of specific mutations in p53 exons 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 indicated that single transversions predominated accounting for 60% of the total. (cdc.gov)

Motea, E.A. & Berdis, A.J. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: the story of a misguided DNA polymerase. (nature.com)

which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
Using PCR, millions of copies of a target DNA can be easily synthesized within a short period of time. (news-medical.net)
Understanding how polymerases modify their form while making DNA copies could lead to better therapies for diseases in which this process has become faulty, like cancer. (elifesciences.org)

Scientist often use a technique called X-ray crystallography to study intermediate structures of frozen polymerase crystals as the enzyme constructs DNA. (elifesciences.org)

The continued presence of repair proteins at sites of DNA damage may also contribute to the pathogenesis of cutaneous cancer, as has been shown in XPD. (medscape.com)
In addition to their role in DNA repair, xeroderma pigmentosum proteins also have additional functions. (medscape.com)
The ribonucleoprotein complex making up the core consists of at least one of each of the eight single-stranded RNA segments associated with the nucleoprotein (NP) and the three polymerase proteins (PB2, PB1, PA). (powershow.com)

Several independently conducted studies show that HiDi® DNA polymerase is ideally suited for use in asPCR in numerous research areas ranging from mutation detection to genome editing. (mypols.de)
Genotyping was performed using HiDi Taq DNA polymerase (myPOLS Biotec, #9201), which is a highly selective polymerase used for allele-specific PCRs (SNP detection). (mypols.de)
Following detection of DNA damage, an open complex is formed. (medscape.com)
DNA, serological detection of variola virus, antiviral agents and animal models of smallpox. (who.int)

Anatomy3

Organisms13

Chemicals and Drugs67

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes54

Information Science3

Health Care2

Chain reaction12

Replication18

Amplification15

Genes10

Mitochondrial DNA polymerase1

Mutated nucleotide1

Synthesis22

Nucleotides4

Xeroderma pigmentosum variant3

Subunit5

Tumors12

POLG3

Mechanism2

Escherichia4

Mutagenesis4

Catalytic2

Protein7

Gene mutations1

Point mutations1

Cancer mutations1

Genetic5

Sequence5

Viral genome1

Enzymes3

Exonuclease activity1

Molecular4

POLB3

POLH2

Nucleotide excisi1

Occur1

Oligonucleotide1

Residues3

Genomic DNA3

Molecule2

Assays1

Suppressor3

Thermostable1

Strains4

Strands1

Genome integrity1

Contains a mutation1

Germline2

Sequencing2

Somatic2

Error-prone1

Ligase2

Genomes1

Reaction5

Uracil DNA Glycosy1

Primers4

Dependent1

Tumor2

Bypasses1

Aptamer1

Bacteria2

Sporadic1

JAK22

Variant1

Elongation1

Fidelity1

Analysis2

TRANSFERASE1

Copies3

Crystallography1

Proteins3

Detection4