Dna on chimp chromosome. Medical search. Frequent questions

Human and chimp X chromosomes each comprise about 1,100 completely different genes or units of directions. (primatespark.com)
Most genes in people and chimps are almost identical. (primatespark.com)
Though people and chimps have many identical genes, they usually use them in several methods. (primatespark.com)
The three most prevalent hypotheses about human-chimp differences are protein evolution (proteins are the "business end" of genes), the "less is more" hypothesis (loss-of-function changes, like loss of body hair), and changes in gene regulations. (blogspot.com)
As I explained here , Miller's pseudogene example included four key misrepresentations: that the pseudogene has no function and is broken, that the pseudogene DNA sequence has "errors" or "mistakes," that there is no reason for broken genes aside from common descent, and that the evolutionary interpretation of such pseudogenes is objective science. (blogspot.com)
The study compared multiple strands of genetic code of human and chimp DNA to determine the similarity and differences between the genes. (differencebetween.info)
This means chimps differ from each other by 1.2% in genes. (differencebetween.info)
The 1.2% difference between chimps and humans is by measuring only the base building blocks of genes that are shared by both the species. (differencebetween.info)
600 genes have been identified that is believed to show signs of undergoing strong positive selection in the human and chimp lineages, many of these genes are involved in immune system defense against microbial disease or are targeted receptors of pathogenic microorganisms. (differencebetween.info)
Comparing human and chimp genes to other mammals has shown that genes coding for transcription factors, such as forkhead-box P2 (FOXP2), have involved faster in humans than in chimps. (differencebetween.info)
Why humans and chimps look different if 99% of their genes are identical? (monkeygene.com)
Depending on who you ask, humans and chimps share 96 to 99 percent of genes . (monkeygene.com)
How many genes do we share with chimps? (monkeygene.com)
All the genes are still there, and DNA reading machinery reads those parts without problems. (monkeygene.com)
In a broad sense, a genome can be considered as the collective set of genes, non-coding DNA sequences, and all their variants that are located within the chromosomes of members of a given species. (science20.com)
The team identified 1,215 blocks of genes that consistently occur on the same chromosome in the same order across all 32 genomes. (bionity.com)
The scientists found nine whole chromosomes, or chromosome fragments in the mammal ancestor whose order of genes is the same in modern birds' chromosomes. (bionity.com)
This remarkable finding shows the evolutionary stability of the order and orientation of genes on chromosomes over an extended evolutionary timeframe of more than 320 million years," Lewin says. (bionity.com)
Compared to our "book," the "books" of these species match at the chapter and paragraph level - all three species have DNA sequences that have the same genes in the same basic order as we do. (blogspot.com)

People and chimpanzees shared a typical ancestor of ∼5-7 million years in the past (Mya).In this article, I am going to share some of the research outcomes to demonstrate the genetic difference between humans and chimps. (primatespark.com)
In addition, the 1 to 2% difference between humans and chimps was declared as fact. (evidencepress.com)

DNA sequence comparisons that include all the relevant data plainly show that the human and chimp genomes are not nearly identical at all. (icr.org)
Hypothetical evolutionary processes cannot explain the extremely broad differences between chimp and human DNA when the whole genomes are considered. (icr.org)
Like mammalian genomes, the sea urchin genome contains a lot of junk DNA, especially repetitive DNA. (blogspot.com)
Additionally, Chimps and humans are prone to different diseases (for example, Chimps are pretty resistant to cancers), and these differences in the genomes can help us understand why this is so, and perhaps (years down the road) lead to therapeutics. (blogspot.com)
The comparison of the entire genome - including the segments of DNA that have been deleted, duplicated and inserted from one part of the genome to the other - would result in a difference of 5-6% between the two genomes. (differencebetween.info)
So it does not appear that the high similarity between the chimp and human genomes was predicted by evolution, or is required by evolution. (blogspot.com)
Beyond that, given the high similarity between the chimp and human genomes, there are many inconsistencies with evolution, as we shall see next. (blogspot.com)
Regardless of the similarities in human and chimp genomes, the scientists recognized some 40 million variations among the many three billion DNA molecules, or nucleotides, in every genome. (primatespark.com)
For instance, evaluating the 33 % of our genome that codes for proteins with our kinfolk' genomes reveal that though the sum whole of our genetic variations is small, the personal variations pervade the genome, affecting every one of our chromosomes in quite a few methods. (primatespark.com)

As an example, chimpanzees have one more chromosome than humans do. (rationalwiki.org)
While there are clearly many morphological similarities between humans and chimpanzees, for example, certain studies also have concluded that there is roughly a 98 percent commonality between the DNA of both species. (wikipedia.org)
Mitochondrial DNA has also been used to verify the proximity of chimpanzees to humans relative to gorillas, and to verify the relationship of these three species relative to the orangutans. (wikipedia.org)
We know that we share 98% of our DNA with our closest primate cousins, chimpanzees, but researchers have found a 30% difference in Y chromosome genetic material between chimp and human dudes. (uncommongoods.com)
Ever since researchers sequenced the chimp genome in 2005, they've recognized that people share about 99% of our DNA with chimpanzees, making them our closest residing kin. (primatespark.com)
Thus, even though humans and chimpanzees are about 98% identical in terms of their DNA sequences, there is still such as thing as a 'human genome' and a 'chimpanzee genome' rather than a continuum with humans and chimps at two mildly divergent extremes. (science20.com)
We can go back even farther than this - chimpanzees have displayed yearslong periods of organized violence against competing bands that entailed invading their territory, killing out-group chimps, and even forcefully "integrating" females into the victorious tribe. (napalminthemorning.com)
Researchers determined back in 2005 that chimpanzees share somewhere between 98.6 and 99 percent of our DNA. (lakornsubs.com)
Yet after some of the core differences, there is crucial genetic similarity between humans and chimpanzees Ever since researchers sequenced the chimp genome in 2005, they've recognized that people share about 99% of our DNA with chimpanzees, making them our closest dwelling kinfolk. (primatespark.com)

and the way all three species have advanced in another way for the reason that ancestor of people breaks up with the widespread ancestor of bonobos and chimps between Four million and seven million years in the past in Africa. (primatespark.com)
People, chimps, and bonobos descended from a single ancestor species that lived six or seven million years in the past. (primatespark.com)
Linguistics: Find studies of apes (chimps, bonobos, and gorillas) who have been taught to communicate with humans. (dissertationwriting-help.com)

In fact, when the DNA similarities from these studies were recalculated using the omitted data, markedly lower levels-between 81 and 86 percent similarity-were found. (icr.org)
Geneticist Mary-Claire King talks about the similarities and differences between chimps and humans. (cshl.edu)
The sunshine and darkish bands on these chromosomes, created by a laboratory dye, reveal similarities and variations amongst human, chimp and mouse DNA. (primatespark.com)
The genomic similarities described between species are usually based on comparing a few specific regions of DNA from a small number of representative individuals. (science20.com)

According to the study, two ancestral ape chromosomes have fused at their telomeres and resulted in the production of human chromosome 2. (differencebetween.info)
THE BOTTOM LINE: We conclude that human chromosome two is the relic of an ANCIENT DNA FUSION of two ancestral ape chromosomes telomere to telomere. (deidremadsen.com)

People and chimps share a shocking 98.8 % of their DNA. (primatespark.com)
The variety of genetic variations between people and chimps is ten instances smaller than that between mice and rats. (primatespark.com)
People and chimps originate from a typical ancestor, and scientists consider they diverged some six million years in the past. (primatespark.com)

Molecular anthropology has been extremely useful in establishing the evolutionary tree of humans and other primates, including closely related species like chimps and gorillas. (wikipedia.org)

3 Another interesting outcome from this study was that the 740-base-long chimp DNA sequences became too different to align after just a few hundred bases, on average. (icr.org)
By examining DNA sequences in different populations, scientists can determine the closeness of relationships between populations (or within populations). (wikipedia.org)
Most of these sequences qualify as junk but they are littered with defective transposable elements that are already included in the calculation of junk DNA. (blogspot.com)
The date of the emergence of these genetic changes therefore must be older than that estimated with only extant human diversity data, thus demonstrating the utility of direct evidence from Neandertal DNA sequences for understanding recent modern human evolution. (sciencedaily.com)
Because the DNA sequences of even close family members are not identical, it can also be said that each individual carries a unique genome consisting of the DNA in his or her chromosomes. (science20.com)
In terms of DNA sequences on a large scale, members of the same species are extremely similar: overall, any two human beings are probably about 99.9% the same genetically. (science20.com)
Illustration of the human mitochondrial DNA with the control region (CR, in grey) containing hypervariable sequences I and II. (cloudfront.net)

If the two species share a common ancestor, scientists should be able to figure out what happened to that chromosome. (rationalwiki.org)
The fused chromosome did not arise from another species, it was not inherited from a human-chimp common ancestor, or any other purported common ancestor. (evolutionnews.org)
As humans and chimps regularly advanced from a typical ancestor, their DNA handed from technology to technology, modified too. (primatespark.com)
This would signify that humans have evolved from Chimps, or rather both the species have evolved from the same ancestor. (differencebetween.info)
The woman who possessed the most recent common ancestor of all mitochondrial DNA variants currently in the human population. (learner.org)
This shows how one female ancestor passed on her mitochondrial DNA to everyone living today. (learner.org)
The reconstruction shows that the mammal ancestor had 19 autosomal chromosomes, which control the inheritance of an organism's characteristics outside of those controlled by sex-linked chromosomes, (these are paired in most cells, making 38 in total) plus two sex chromosomes, said Joana Damas, first author on the study and a postdoctoral scientist at the UC Davis Genome Center. (bionity.com)

The parameters that gave the longest DNA alignment matches produced 86 percent similarity. (icr.org)
Clearly, a more informative technique was needed to accurately compare the entire chimp genome to that of humans-specifically, something that counteracted the problem of the algorithm breaking off the match in regions of low similarity. (icr.org)
3 This involved doing multiple experiments to find the optimal DNA sequence lengths, or "slices," to fully ascertain the average overall similarity for each chimp chromosome when compared to its alleged human counterpart. (icr.org)
Not counting the Y-chromosome, the results of my comparison showed variability between 66 and 76 percent similarity for the different chimp chromosomes, with an overall genome average of only 70 percent similarity to human chromosomes. (icr.org)
2012. Genomic monkey business-estimates of nearly identical human-chimp DNA similarity re-evaluated using omitted data . (icr.org)
A friend of yours claims that the similarity between human and chimp DNA proves evolution. (creation.com)
Studies show that chimps and humans share a 96% similarity in DNA. (differencebetween.info)
The problem with our genetic similarity is that we quite often do not give much thought to what does it mean to be 99% percent similar to chimps. (monkeygene.com)

Chromosome fusion - Gene fusion or chromosome fusion is when two chromosomes are spliced together. (rationalwiki.org)
Matt Ridley talks about chromosome 2, fusion of 2 small chromosomes. (cshl.edu)
According to evolution, humans have 23 rather than 24 pairs of chromosomes because of a chromosome fusion event in our past history. (evolutionnews.org)
Early in our evolutionary history we had 24 pairs of chromosomes, but the fusion event reduced this number to 23. (evolutionnews.org)
First, the specific DNA sequence found in the human chromosome in question, defies any such fusion event. (evolutionnews.org)
Second, even if, somehow, such a fusion event occurred (in spite of the DNA sequence data), it would not demonstrate evolution as evolutionists claim. (evolutionnews.org)
What about a fusion of human chromosomes ? (monkeygene.com)
Gregg Braden explains the fusion between telomeres on human chromosome two, how this fusion seems to have suddenly appeared 200,000 years ago. (deidremadsen.com)
TECHNICALLY: If a telomere exists at the end of one chromosome and it is fused, you are going to be able to see where that fusion happens because the telomere is only supposed to be on the end of the chromosome. (deidremadsen.com)
And indeed, no one would ever mistake a chimpanzee genome for a human genome, in part because they differ in DNA amount and chromosome number (human chromosome 2 is a product of fusion of what remain as two separate chromosomes in other great apes). (science20.com)

They also looked for parts of the genome that had evolved to help … These data are consistent with the results we observed for soluble chromate, where right whale lung cells have a lower amount of chromosome damage than human lung cells, and they also suggest that Pb ions may be playing a role and possibly inhibiting DNA repair. (lakornsubs.com)

However, for a transparent understanding of how intently they're associated, scientists examine their DNA, a necessary molecule that is the instruction guide for constructing every species. (primatespark.com)
Human and chimp DNA is so comparable as a result of the 2 species that are so intently associated. (primatespark.com)
The major difference between the humans and chimps lie in the number of chromosomes that each species has. (differencebetween.info)
The key here is that these are changes at DNA location that we can find an analogous sequence in both species. (monkeygene.com)
However, if a part of DNA is deleted in one of the species, we can't compare them. (monkeygene.com)
Of course, we can say that humans and chimps look different if we compare these two species in isolation. (monkeygene.com)
Pan troglodytes ), also known as simply the chimp , is a species of great ape native to the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa . (wiki2.org)
It is possible to apply such a definition because, for the most part, animal species do not share DNA extensively and hence their respective gene pools remain distinct (in fact, this forms the basis for defining species under some views). (evolverzone.com)

Human and Chimp DNA--Nearly Identical? (icr.org)
Human and chimp DNA is sort of an identical once you examine the bands on chromosomes, the bundles of DNA inside almost every cell. (primatespark.com)
If human and chimp DNA is 98.eight % identical, why are we so completely different? (primatespark.com)
And even two identical stretches of DNA can work differently-they will be "turned on" in several quantities, elsewhere, or at completely different instances. (primatespark.com)
They then extracted DNA and sequenced the Neandertal FOXP2 gene, revealing that it was identical to the version found in modern humans. (sciencedaily.com)
When media reports that we and chimps are 98% percent identical in DNA, it also implies that our appearances are to the same degree similar. (monkeygene.com)
on average, the sections of Neanderthal DNA that have been recovered and sequenced are 99.5% identical to that of humans -- but these, too, are considered to be part of a separate genome. (science20.com)

Unlike genomic DNA, it offered advantages in that it did not undergo recombination. (wikipedia.org)
A 3-D animation of the way that a zygote receives nuclear, or genomic, DNA from both parents (sperm and egg cells) but inherits mitochondrial DNA only from the mother. (learner.org)

Evolutionary geneticist Svante Paabo speaks about the differences between chimp and humans and a genetic basis for language. (cshl.edu)
Because a genome contains BILLIONS of nucleotides (the nucleic acids that make up DNA, the genetic material), this small percent difference amounts to millions of base differences between chimps and humans. (blogspot.com)
Gene duplications are believed to account for most of the sequence differences (about 2.7%) between humans and chimps. (differencebetween.info)
These involve differences among individuals in the insertion and deletion of larger DNA segments. (science20.com)
There are subtle differences, of course - blocks of sequence that have been rearranged through breakage and rejoining of chromosomes, as expected - but the overall pattern is clear. (blogspot.com)

Telomeres are at the end of the DNA. (deidremadsen.com)

The other linkage group is the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Mitochondrial DNA became an area of research in phylogenetics in the late 1970s. (wikipedia.org)
this shows that certain regions of mitochondrial DNA approach neutrality. (wikipedia.org)
This allowed the use of mitochondrial DNA to determine that the relative age of the human population was small, having gone through a recent constriction at about 150,000 years ago (see #Causes of errors). (wikipedia.org)
How can ancestry be traced using mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome? (dissertationwriting-help.com)
I'm afraid that if anything, trace amounts of mitochondrial DNA only point more strongly to a period of conquest against the Neanderthals of Eurasia that followed our arrival. (napalminthemorning.com)
A complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the type D specimen was compared to samples of 139 killer whales from around the world. (lakornsubs.com)
A complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of cytochrome c in a human and each of these animals a... ) molecule of the link between whale and hippo DNA, points to the the lighter Oxygen-16 isotope a mitochondrial. (lakornsubs.com)
Mitochondrial DNA became an area of research in phylogenetics in the late 1970s. (cloudfront.net)

Monkeys, chimps and apes all have 48 and 24 pairs. (toptenbookreview.com)
What Does DNA Tell Us About Our Position Among the Apes? (learner.org)

Another major breakthrough is the discovery of chimp fossils . (blogspot.com)
There are tons of hominid (human predecessor) fossils, but early chimp fossils hadn't been found. (blogspot.com)
The researchers extracted DNA from Neandertal fossils collected in a cave in northern Spain. (sciencedaily.com)
Evidence from fossils and DNA sequencing shows that Pan is a sister taxon to the human lineage and is humans ' closest living relative. (wiki2.org)

I've hesitated to comment about the sequencing of Neanderthal DNA 'cause I haven't read the papers. (blogspot.com)
A study was conducted by an international group of scientists called the Chimp Sequencing and Analysis Consortium in 2005. (differencebetween.info)

Number 4 might be impossible, but suppose that scientists found a "transitional form" (to use their terminology) frozen in ice, and were able to reconstruct the DNA sequence (plausible). (forerunner.com)
Scientists don't but know the way many of the DNA that's uniquely ours impacts gene operation. (primatespark.com)

1 In every single publication, researchers only reported on the highly similar DNA sequence data and discarded the rest-apparently because it was too dissimilar . (icr.org)

For example, the male Y-chromosomes show the greatest divergence, while the female X chromosome shows the lowest (but still substantial, so no bad jokes please) divergence between chimps and humans. (blogspot.com)
She also points out that modern science still has no satisfactory explanation for why or how this divergence from 24 to 23 chromosomes happened, other than perhaps a chance mutation. (toptenbookreview.com)

Our close cousins, the Neanderthal and Denisovans, had 46 chromosomes and 23 associated pairs. (toptenbookreview.com)

Major research published over the past decade comparing human and chimpanzee DNA was recently reviewed and critiqued. (icr.org)

This evidence is that while we humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46, the chimpanzee, bonobo and gorilla each have 24 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 48. (evolutionnews.org)

The article ties in with similar findings that revealed evidence of Neanderthal DNA in human populations, as well as the likelihood that Homo sapiens (that's us) produced children with Neanderthals. (napalminthemorning.com)
Articles that discuss Neanderthal DNA in human populations often do so under a wistful tone, highlighting "intermarriage" as evidence these interactions were not universally hostile. (napalminthemorning.com)

DNA and RNA code - Almost all organisms use the same three-letter code for translating RNA into proteins . (rationalwiki.org)

In actual fact, many of those DNA modifications led to variations between human and chimp look and habits. (primatespark.com)

citation needed] However, more recent studies have modified the commonality of 98 percent to a commonality of 94 percent, showing that the genetic gap between humans and chimps is larger than originally thought. (wikipedia.org)
However, we can say that humans and chimps are quite similar if we compare us both to, let's say, cats, with whom we share 90 percent of the genome . (monkeygene.com)

Later, he says that "DNA in yeast is so closely related to the DNA in human chromosomes" (Gingerich, 74). (bagbyministries.org)

Evolutionary geneticist Svante Paabo talks about the possible outcomes of human and chimp gene comparisons. (cshl.edu)

By digitally slicing entire chimp chromosomes into small pieces, I found that the algorithm could effectively compare chimp and human DNA piece-by-piece. (icr.org)
To ensure that the Neandertal DNA samples hadn't been contaminated with human DNA, they also sequenced parts of their Y chromosome, which was found to be distinct from that of men today. (sciencedaily.com)
They show the codes in our DNA what can be translated in text, and they found out that ALL OUR DNA HAS INFORMATION IN IT. (deidremadsen.com)
The same is true of various artifacts found within living things - to include higher level functional information stored within the DNA of all living things. (educatetruth.com)

In short, this sixth gene [the same pseudogene Miller testified of in the Dover court] is a mess , a nonfunctional stretch of useless DNA. (blogspot.com)
A representation of the evolutionary history of a particular gene or DNA sequence. (learner.org)
Viruses could tinker with gene structure, in many settings, exerting largely the same effects in males and females at the same time and at the same point on the chromosome, and do so to large numbers at once, and produce a large cluster of organisms that can breed with each other but not with the parent stock. (behavior.net)

The structures and functions of all living organisms are encoded in the same basic nucleic molecules, DNA and RNA . (rationalwiki.org)

Smaller and stumpier than the X chromosomes shared by men and women, the Y has been passed along through generations of male mammals for millions of years. (uncommongoods.com)

Geneticist Mary-Claire King talks about her discovery that chimps and humans are extremely similar at a molecular level. (cshl.edu)

Miller focused on two examples from molecular biology: a pseudogene and a fused chromosome. (blogspot.com)
Intelligent design cannot explain the presence of a nonfunctional pseudogene, unless it is willing to allow that the designer made serious errors , wasting millions of bases of DNA on a blueprint full of junk and scribbles. (blogspot.com)

Remarkably, female chimps also share a reproductive cycle similar to that of humans, with most reaching sexual maturity just before or during their teenage years. (lakornsubs.com)
Comparability of Clint's genetic blueprints with that of the human genome reveals that our closest dwelling kinfolk share 96 % of our DNA. (primatespark.com)

96% common with a chimp (not counting the so-called "junk" DNA). (forerunner.com)
In "Ask the Experts" somebody asked What is junk DNA, and what is it worth? (blogspot.com)
In 1972 the late geneticist Susumu Ohno coined the term "junk DNA" to describe all noncoding sections of a genome, most of which consist of repeated segments scattered randomly throughout the genome. (blogspot.com)
It was once thought that human DNA is primarily junk. (evidencepress.com)
Firstly, they used to be referred to as "junk-DNA" but now we know that this is not exactly true. (scienceforums.net)

WHAT DOES THIS MEAN: These are our nearest relatives, chimp chromosomes one and two. (deidremadsen.com)

More recent research suggests that the Y chromosome is actually a hotbed of evolution. (uncommongoods.com)
The strongest point for evolution is genome evidence and DNA. (muslimcentral.com)
Gingerich mentions that human DNA is similar to the DNA of other organisms, and he implies that this supports evolution (Gingerich, 12). (bagbyministries.org)
This difference in chromosome count is yet another fundamental problem for evolution. (evolutionnews.org)
A series of essays (one for each chromosome in the human genome) that discuss various aspects of human genetics and evolution. (learner.org)

In 2011, I tested a wide variety of DNA alignment parameters for 40,000 segments of chimpanzee DNA that were already known to be similar to human. (icr.org)
While it is true that there are sections of the chimp genome that are very similar to humans, this is not the complete picture. (icr.org)
Oh, let's just say he was 96% accurate in suggesting that Chimps and Humans are similar. (differencebetween.info)
The number comes from a study published in Nature in 2005, which is a good one, yet it never said that we are 98.77% similar to chimps . (monkeygene.com)

So, here, small changes in the DNA can account for a significant difference in the appearance of the resulting organism. (monkeygene.com)

Because we know that Neandertal and modern human populations diverged more than 300,000 years ago, we would have guessed that these changes in FOXP2 would have happened after we separated from Neandertals," Pääbo said, noting that the human version of FOXP2 differs from that of chimps in two places. (sciencedaily.com)

Ancient DNA shows that humans not only mated with Neanderthals but also Denisovans, and Denisovans and Neanderthals with each other. (napalminthemorning.com)

But wait … it must be noted that even the likes of Nobel laureate Francis Crick, the discoverer of the DNA molecule, believed the bilogical life we know today could not have originated on earth. (toptenbookreview.com)
Ms. Fenton then takes us on a cogent and lucid discussion of some of the tricky details looking at relevant factors on the DNA level involving the four nucleotide "letters" that make up the famous spiral molecule, A, C, G and T - adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. (toptenbookreview.com)

One line explores the curious fact that humans have 46 chromosomes with each cell containing 23 pairs. (toptenbookreview.com)

Explain the evolutionary 'mitochondrial Eve' (or 'out of Africa') and 'Y-chromosome Adam' concepts. (creation.com)
DNA Battles: Were Adam and Eve Historical? (evidencepress.com)

Anatomical females carry a Y chromosome only rarely, as a result of genetic defect. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy60

Organisms5

Diseases21

Chemicals and Drugs27

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes146

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Genes19

Difference between humans and chimps2

Genomes9

Chimpanzees9

Bonobos3

Similarities4

Ancestral ape chromosomes2

People and chimps3

Gorillas1

Sequences7

Ancestor7

Similarity8

Fusion10

Amount of chromosome1

Species8

Identical7

Genomic2

Differences5

Telomeres1

Mitochondrial DNA9

Apes2

Fossils4

Sequencing2

Scientists2

Researchers1

Divergence2

Cousins1

Comparing1

Bonobo1

Neanderthal2

Proteins1

Variations1

Percent2

Closely related1

Comparisons1

Found4

Gene3

Nucleic1

Mammals1

Talks1

Pseudogene2

Share2

Junk5

Nearest1

Evolution5

Similar4

Small1

FOXP21

Neanderthals1

Molecule2

Pairs1

Adam2

Females1