• We also analyze the contribution of enhancer DNA methylation on the expression of relevant genes in acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. (cun.es)
  • It is commonly known that inactivation of certain tumor-suppressor genes occurs as a consequence of hypermethylation within the promoter regions and a numerous studies have demonstrated a broad range of genes silenced by DNA methylation in different cancer types. (nih.gov)
  • [ 1 ] Identifying candidate precursors or enabling genes may pave the way for cancer screening, as with the ret proto-oncogene and medullary thyroid carcinoma . (medscape.com)
  • One technique that is garnering wide attention in this realm is the DNA array, in which a number of different genes from an individual can be processed to look at certain genotypes. (medscape.com)
  • For example, in the hereditary cancer syndromes familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, mutations have been discovered in the APC gene and DNA mismatch repair genes. (medscape.com)
  • p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Genetic polymorphism of CYP genes, alone or in combination, as a risk modifier of tobacco-related cancers. (cdc.gov)
  • Trial Description: The IMPACT study is an international targeted prostate screening study of men at increased prostate cancer risk due to the presence of known pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. (dana-farber.org)
  • NEW YORK - Secondary cancer risk appears to jump in pediatric cancer patients carrying risky germline variants in DNA repair genes who are exposed to DNA-damaging treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy as part of their original treatment, new research suggests. (genomeweb.com)
  • More than 11 percent of the survivors carried pathogenic variants in one or more of the DNA repair genes profiled - alterations that together affected almost 100 different DNA repair genes, the researchers reported. (genomeweb.com)
  • By bringing in available medial record information on the patients' past chemotherapy doses and radiotherapy exposures, they found ties between secondary breast cancer risk in women with pathogenic germline mutations in homologous recombination genes, particularly after some chest radiotherapy or anthracycline chemotherapy treatments. (genomeweb.com)
  • The team's analysis also pointed to a rise in sarcoma risk after certain doses of alkylating chemotherapy in the past pediatric cancer patients with germline homologous recombination gene variants, while the cancer survivors with germline changes in genes from a nucleotide excision repair pathway appeared more prone to secondary thyroid cancer or non-melanoma skin cancer after earlier radiotherapy treatments. (genomeweb.com)
  • Together, they suggested, the new results "have the potential to facilitate identification of high-risk survivors who may benefit from genetic counseling and/or testing of [DNA repair genes], which may further inform personalized cancer surveillance and prevention strategies. (genomeweb.com)
  • That Clinical Cancer Research study highlighted pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in known breast cancer-related genes, along with a proposed polygenic risk score made up of common risk variants. (genomeweb.com)
  • Epigenetics directly affects the timing and expression of genes without changing the DNA sequence itself. (pancan.org)
  • Introduction: Proteins encoded by Fanconi anemia (FA) and/or breast cancer (BrCa) susceptibility genes cooperate in a common DNA damage repair signaling pathway. (lu.se)
  • Targeted therapy is a cancer treatment that targets specific genes and proteins responsible for cancerous cell growth and survival. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • Fanconi anemia (FA) genes play critical roles in the repair of DNA lesions. (frontiersin.org)
  • These findings indicate that the doenjang attenuated colon carcinogenesis induced by AOM and DSS by ameliorating the symptoms of colon cancer, reducing the occurrence of neoplasia, regulating proinflammatory cytokine levels, and controlling the expressions of inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes in the colonic tissue. (carcinogenesis.com)
  • Polymorphisms of DNA repair genes and risk of non-small cell lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • You're getting me all these genes across multiple cancer types, but what you really should be saying to the patient is, "I'm interested in the genes that I know are related to your melanoma. (medscape.com)
  • DNA Methylation of Enhancer Elements in Myeloid Neoplasms: Think Outside the Promoters? (cun.es)
  • Gene regulation through DNA methylation is a well described phenomenon that has a prominent role in physiological and pathological cell-states. (cun.es)
  • Recent genome-wide DNA methylation studies have challenged this paradigm, demonstrating that DNA methylation of regulatory regions outside promoters is able to influence cell-type specific gene expression programs under physiologic or pathologic conditions. (cun.es)
  • Coupling genome-wide DNA methylation assays with histone mark annotation has allowed for the identification of specific epigenomic changes that affect enhancer regulatory regions, revealing an additional layer of complexity to the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. (cun.es)
  • In this review, we summarize the novel evidence for the molecular and biological regulation of DNA methylation in enhancer regions and the dynamism of these changes contributing to the fine-tuning of gene expression. (cun.es)
  • The characterization of the aberrant enhancer DNA methylation provides not only a novel pathogenic mechanism for different tumors but also highlights novel potential therapeutic targets for myeloid derived neoplasms. (cun.es)
  • DNA methylation is one of the most intensely studied epigenetic modifications in mammals. (nih.gov)
  • DNA methylation is associated with histone modifications and the interplay of these epigenetic modifications is crucial to regulate the functioning of the genome by changing chromatin architecture. (nih.gov)
  • DNA methyltransferases are responsible for establishing and maintenance of methylation pattern. (nih.gov)
  • Apart from DNA methylation alterations in promoter regions and repetitive DNA sequences, this phenomenon is associated also with regulation of expression of noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs that may play role in tumor suppression. (nih.gov)
  • DNA methylation seems to be promising in putative translational use in patients and hypermethylated promoters may serve as biomarkers. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, unlike genetic alterations, DNA methylation is reversible what makes it extremely interesting for therapy approaches. (nih.gov)
  • The importance of DNA methylation alterations in tumorigenesis encourages us to decode the human epigenome. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, these long noncoding RNAs were transcriptionally regulated by epigenetic modification, including DNA methylation and histone methylation modification. (cancerindex.org)
  • Distinct DNA methylation profiles in malignant mesothelioma, lung adenocarcinoma, and non-tumor lung. (nih.gov)
  • DNA methylation markers provide a powerful tool to make diagnoses based on genetic material obtained directly from tumors or from 'remote' locations such as sputum, pleural fluid, or serum. (nih.gov)
  • In an attempt to identify molecular markers for MM and adenocarcinoma, we examined the DNA methylation status of 14 loci. (nih.gov)
  • Our observations support the strong potential of methylation markers as tools for accurate diagnosis of neoplasms in and around the lung. (nih.gov)
  • The authors conclude that HER-2/neu gene amplification status can be determined by FISH on archival prostate cancer specimens, significantly correlates with high tumor grade and nondiploid DNA content, and is more frequently encountered in tumors with advanced pathological stage. (nih.gov)
  • Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the DNA ploidy and S-Phase Fraction (SPF) of some Salivary Gland Tumors (SGTs) in Egyptian patients and to investigate the correlation between these two biological parameters and the presumptive behavior of these neoplasms. (researchgate.net)
  • Methods: Flow cytometric analysis of DNA pliody and S-Phase Fraction (SPF) was done in 50 fresh tumor tissue sections of SGTs which diagnosed as 15 benign and 35 malignant tumors. (researchgate.net)
  • Conclusion: DNA aneuploidy may be a key indicator for tumors activity and malignancy in SGTs, while the SPF has a minor role in the evaluation of SGTs activity. (researchgate.net)
  • Although Hürthle cell carcinoma was previously considered a variant of follicular cell neoplasms, which are generally less aggressive, the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of endocrine tumors reclassified it as a distinct entity. (medscape.com)
  • The most common form of pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, was named to reflect the longstanding hypothesis that pancreatic tumors arise from ductal cells within the pancreas. (pancan.org)
  • Importantly, none of the tumors with 5q LOH and normal APC staining were aberrantly methylated, whereas 50% of the cancers with LOH at 5q and reduced or absent staining were hypermethylated. (duke.edu)
  • Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. (lookformedical.com)
  • Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Tumors or cancer of the SKIN. (lookformedical.com)
  • Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. (lookformedical.com)
  • Only malignant tumors are called cancer. (invitrojobs.com)
  • 11 With the exception of blood cancers, such tumors grow invasively into the surrounding tissue and destroy it. (invitrojobs.com)
  • The integration of mass spectrometry-based proteomics with next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing profiles tumors more comprehensively. (wustl.edu)
  • Five mice (9%) exposed to MCA and MWCNT and 1 (1.6%) exposed to MCA developed serosal tumors morphologically consistent with sarcomatous mesotheliomas, whereas mice administered MWCNT or air alone did not develop similar neoplasms. (cdc.gov)
  • Research of Low-frequency Microsatellite Instability has been linked to Microsatellite Instability, High-frequency Microsatellite Instability, Malignant Neoplasms, Neoplasms, Colorectal Cancer. (novusbio.com)
  • Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. (lookformedical.com)
  • Bleomycin is therapeutically used to treat malignant neoplasms such as sarcomas, lymphomas, melanomas, and germinal cell cancers. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • Bleomycin is approved for use in adults and can be used alone or with other drugs as palliative treatment and management of malignant neoplasms. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • SRARP is co-expressed with the estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the ER-positive breast cancer cells, SRARP is involved in the transcriptional activities of ER and has shown an interaction with ER using the transient transfection of cells with SRARP and ER constructs. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, in AR+ breast cancer cells, SRARP interacts with the endogenous AR protein and acts as a transcriptional corepressor of AR. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, the activation of either AR or ER negatively regulates SRARP expression in breast cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Landscape of tumor suppressor long noncoding RNAs in breast cancer. (cancerindex.org)
  • The landscape and biological functions of tumor suppressor long noncoding RNAs in breast cancer are still unknown. (cancerindex.org)
  • Next, the expression model, prognostic roles, potential biological functions and epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor long noncoding RNAs were investigated and validated in the breast cancer and pancancer cohorts. (cancerindex.org)
  • Finally, EPB41L4A-AS2 was selected to validate our novel finding, and the tumor suppressive roles of EPB41L4A-AS2 in breast cancer were examined. (cancerindex.org)
  • The expression of the identified long noncoding RNAs was downregulated in cancer tissue samples compared with normal tissue samples, and these long noncoding RNAs correlated with a favorable prognosis in breast cancer patients and the patients in the pancancer cohort. (cancerindex.org)
  • Finally, EPB41L4A-AS2 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. (cancerindex.org)
  • Role of vascular density and normalization in response to neoadjuvant bevacizumab and chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. (curehunter.com)
  • Local Therapy Decision-Making and Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy in Young Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer. (curehunter.com)
  • Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) in patients receiving neoadjuvant and adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy for breast cancer: incidence and risk factors. (curehunter.com)
  • Tailoring adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for patients with triple negative breast cancer. (curehunter.com)
  • Phase II study of tivantinib (ARQ 197) in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. (curehunter.com)
  • Phase II Study of Lapatinib in Combination With Trastuzumab in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Clinical Outcomes and Predictive Value of Early [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Imaging (TBCRC 003). (curehunter.com)
  • Randomized Phase III Trial of Paclitaxel Once Per Week Compared With Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Nab-Paclitaxel Once Per Week or Ixabepilone With Bevacizumab As First-Line Chemotherapy for Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer: CALGB 40502/NCCTG N063H (Alliance). (curehunter.com)
  • Racial and Ethnic Differences in Breast Cancer Survival: Mediating Effect of Tumor Characteristics and Sociodemographic and Treatment Factors. (curehunter.com)
  • Molecular Phenotype of Breast Cancer According to Time Since Last Pregnancy in a Large Cohort of Young Women. (curehunter.com)
  • Variation in type of adjuvant chemotherapy received among patients with stage I breast cancer: A multi-institutional study. (curehunter.com)
  • 1995. Cytochrome P4501A1 and glutathione S-transferase (M1) genetic polymorphisms and post menopausal breast cancer risk. (cdc.gov)
  • Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. (mdpi.com)
  • A recessive variant of XRCC4 predisposes to non- BRCA1/2 breast cancer in chinese women and impairs the DNA damage response via dysregulated nuclear localization. (duke.edu)
  • PURPOSE: To define the biology driving the aggressive nature of breast cancer arising in young women. (duke.edu)
  • An integrated approach to the prediction of chemotherapeutic response in patients with breast cancer. (duke.edu)
  • Assessing risk of breast cancer in an ethnically South-East Asia population (results of a multiple ethnic groups study). (duke.edu)
  • Breast cancer as heterogeneous disease: contributing factors and carcinogenesis mechanisms. (duke.edu)
  • The observed bimodal patterns of breast cancer incidence in the U.S. suggested that breast cancer may be viewed as more than one biological entity. (duke.edu)
  • Co-occurring Fatigue and Lymphatic Pain Incrementally Aggravate Their Negative Effects on Activities of Daily Living, Emotional Distress, and Overall Health of Breast Cancer Patients. (duke.edu)
  • Fatigue and lymphatic pain are the most common and debilitating long-term adverse effects of breast cancer treatment. (duke.edu)
  • Distinct Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Subsets Mediate Anti-HER2 Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer. (duke.edu)
  • And in 2018, researchers from St. Jude and elsewhere described common and rare genetic contributors to breast cancer risk in Lifetime Cohort study participants. (genomeweb.com)
  • Introduction Women with a strong family history of breast cancer (BC) and without a known gene mutation have an increased risk of developing BC. (unimi.it)
  • and susceptibility to BREAST CANCER. (bvsalud.org)
  • Proteogenomics challenged standard breast cancer diagnoses, provided detailed analysis of the ERBB2 amplicon, defined tumor subsets that could benefit from immune checkpoint therapy, and allowed more accurate assessment of Rb status for prediction of CDK4/6 inhibitor responsiveness. (wustl.edu)
  • Our results underscore the potential of proteogenomics for clinical investigation of breast cancer through more accurate annotation of targetable pathways and biological features of this remarkably heterogeneous malignancy. (wustl.edu)
  • breast cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer and the leading cause of death among women worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
  • Approximately 1.67 million new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in 2012, leading to more than half a million deaths. (bvsalud.org)
  • in this retrospective cohort study, LOX G473A polymorphism frequency was assessed in 148 women with breast cancer and 245 women without breast cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • As a major defense against environmental damage to cells DNA repair is present in all organisms examined including bacteria, yeast, drosophila, fish, amphibians, rodents and humans. (nih.gov)
  • The bottom line for humans is that DNA testing can be used for diagnostic purposes for many diseases. (nytimes-se.com)
  • Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. (lookformedical.com)
  • For some time, regulatory authorities, the Industry and academia agreed, that animal testing should be no longer mandatory - primarily because at the time of the beginning of such tests there is already sufficient information available from animal experiments to estimate a possible risk of cancer in humans. (invitrojobs.com)
  • In 1969, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated a programme to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans and to produce monographs on individual chemicals. (who.int)
  • The Monographs represent the first step in carcinogenic risk assessment, which involves examination of all relevant information in order to assess the strength of the available evidence that certain exposures could alter the incidence of cancer in humans. (who.int)
  • Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9:3-28. (cdc.gov)
  • Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 2004 Feb 13 (2): 320-3. (cdc.gov)
  • Various central nervous system neoplasms have been associated with familial nonpolyposis gut carcinoma, and appropriate imaging should be performed in the presence of suggestive signs or symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • TOP2A encodes an enzyme which is implicated in almost any process of DNA metabolism including transcription, replication, movement and untangling [ 3 , 8 , 9 ], which catalyze the passage of two DNA duplexes across each other to resolve the entanglements and coiling of cellular DNA [ 10 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • The DNA can also be damaged by an organism own metabolism (by so-called reactive oxygen molecules for example from the respiratory chain) in form of base loss, base modification or DNA single or double-strand breaks. (invitrojobs.com)
  • Acetylproteome analysis highlighted acetylation on key nuclear proteins involved in the DNA damage response and revealed cross-talk between cytoplasmic and mitochondrial acetylation and metabolism. (wustl.edu)
  • In head and neck cancer, the histologic progression of severity from hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ to invasion provides a framework to understand the genetic progression of cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Other studies in oral cancer [23,24] reported that there is no relationship between the histopathological grade of oral epithelial dysplasia or oral squamous cell carcinoma and the ploidy status. (researchgate.net)
  • Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is an unusual and relatively rare type of differentiated thyroid cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Nonmelanotic skin cancer or carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix, or prostate or localized endometrioid endometrial cancer. (mayo.edu)
  • Sebaceous carcinoma is an outright malignant neoplasm with prominent cellular pleomorphism and anaplasia. (medscape.com)
  • Ye JZ, Wang YY, Bai T, Chen J, Xiang BD, Wu FX and Li LQ: Surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus in the Asia-Pacific region beyond the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer treatment algorithms: A review and update. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO), these neoplasms are considered a variant of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid and are referred to as follicular carcinoma, oxyphilic type. (medscape.com)
  • Work across many laboratories is geared toward elucidating the genetics behind cancer, discovering cellular mechanisms that lead to cancer, and elucidating intracellular and intercellular interactions that allow this progression. (medscape.com)
  • The goal of the study is to determine if vaccine administration results in a change in the rate of prostate cancer progression when compared to a no-treatment control group of active surveillance patients. (dana-farber.org)
  • The biological functions of HMGB1 are diverse in normal cells and during the start and progression of cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve an important regulatory role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Somatic mutations are a hallmark of tumorigenesis and may be useful for non-invasive diagnosis of cancer. (nature.com)
  • Sequence alterations are abundant in cancer genomes but the proportion of fragments in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) that harbor tumor-specific (somatic) mutations is often low 8 , 9 , making it difficult to detect bona fide variants amidst background noise from sequence changes introduced in library construction and sequencing. (nature.com)
  • Here, we considered whether identifying somatic mutations genome-wide could enable the detection of an increased number of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) alterations and increase the detection of early stage disease. (nature.com)
  • In principle, if mutations could be identified in cfDNA without knowledge of alterations in the tumor, then they could be useful for early cancer detection. (nature.com)
  • The multihit model postulates that several unique genetic mutations combine to cause cancer. (medscape.com)
  • In colorectal cancer, multiple mutations are present. (medscape.com)
  • Although the exact process has not been elucidated, the sum of these mutations is believed to lead to cancer development in this model. (medscape.com)
  • 1995. Relating aromatic hydrocarbon-induced DNA adducts and c-H-ras mutations in mouse skin papillomas. (cdc.gov)
  • Collectively, our findings provide compelling evidence of increased [subsequent neoplasm] risk among childhood cancer survivors with [DNA repair gene] mutations and prior genotoxic treatment exposures," the authors wrote. (genomeweb.com)
  • To further strengthen Dr. Chandwani's hypothesis, recent studies have identified frequent mutations altering the activity of proteins involved in epigenetic regulation in pancreatic cancer cells. (pancan.org)
  • Finally, Dr. Chandwani and his colleagues will look at the mutations of proteins involved in epigenetic regulation of pancreatic cancer cells, with the goal of determining whether their activity can be blocked as a therapeutic strategy. (pancan.org)
  • INTRODUCTION: Germ-line mutations of the APC gene are associated with familial adenomatous polyposis, and somatic mutations occur frequently in sporadic colorectal cancer. (duke.edu)
  • RESULTS: All samples were analysed for DNA copy number changes, PIK3CA, KRAS, BRAF mutations, CIMP and microsatellite instability. (lu.se)
  • They can lead to mutations or increase the error rate during the doubling of the DNA during each cell division. (invitrojobs.com)
  • They do not trigger any short-term mutations in eukaryotic and prokaryotic mutation tests and do not induce any direct DNA damage in the target organ. (invitrojobs.com)
  • Non-FA (or underlying FA) patients harboring heterozygous germline FA gene mutations may also face an increased risk of developing bone marrow failure, primary immunodeficiency disease, and hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes. (frontiersin.org)
  • This case highlights the importance of genetic counseling in patients with hematopoietic neoplasms with high clinical suspicion for carrying cancer susceptibility gene mutations, which require timely diagnosis and personalized management. (frontiersin.org)
  • (B) The patient was born with four Fanconi anemia (FA) gene mutations and germline predisposition to cancers. (frontiersin.org)
  • She developed ovarian cancer, and then the altered FA pathway plus exposure to cytotoxic drugs promoted the emergence of acquired somatic mutations and the NUP98-HOXC11 fusion, all of which contributed to the development of secondary t-CMML. (frontiersin.org)
  • Introduction: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based platforms have been used to detect EGFR mutations in plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) with high accuracy. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, many patients with suspected advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer are unable to undergo biopsy thus forgoing potential treatment with highly effective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with sensitizing EGFR mutations. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 6FLHQWLILF VWUDWHJ\ The Agency pursues three main objectives: the identification of the causes of human cancer, the elucidation of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and the development of scientific strategies for cancer prevention. (who.int)
  • DQFHUV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK FKURQLF LQIHFWLRQV IARC epidemiologists have estimated that in developing countries up to 20% of all human neoplasms develop in association with chronic infectious conditions. (who.int)
  • High mobility group B (HMGB) proteins have been previously related to the onset and progressions of cancers of different origins. (hindawi.com)
  • This review describes recent advances in the role of human HMGB proteins and other proteins interacting with them, in cancerous processes related to oxidative stress, with special reference to ovarian and prostate cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • Genomic translocations are well-established drivers of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs). (cancer.gov)
  • the induction of benign neoplasms may in some circumstances (see Section 9) contribute to the judgement that the exposure is carcinogenic. (who.int)
  • We know that, especially in the adjuvant setting, there's a proportion of patients who are cured, who are never going to be positive in their circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). (medscape.com)
  • The results were compared with HER-2/neu protein expression as determined by IHC and correlated by logistic regression analysis with Gleason tumor grade, DNA ploidy, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), and pathological stage. (nih.gov)
  • The members of the DNA Repair Interest Group perform research in areas including DNA repair enzymology and fine structure, mutagenesis, gene and cell cycle regulation, protein structure, and human disease. (nih.gov)
  • Epigenetics refers to the physical structure, packaging and location of DNA and its interacting protein partners. (pancan.org)
  • The first goal of Dr. Chandwani's project is to assess the structure of the epigenetic DNA/protein machinery in acinar and ductal cells of the pancreas. (pancan.org)
  • To gain deeper insight into this pathway and its influence on cancer risk, we searched for novel components through protein physical interaction screens. (lu.se)
  • A Fanconi anemia complementation group protein that contains an N-terminal DNA-binding region and seven, C-terminal, WD REPEATS. (bvsalud.org)
  • TOP2A (DNA topoisomerase II alpha) gene, mapped to chromosome 17q12-q21, covers approximately 27.5 kb and includes 35 exons, encoding a 170 kDa protein [ 7 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Paclitaxel protein bound is a microtubular inhibitor (albumin-conjugated formulation) and a natural taxane that prevents depolymerization of cellular microtubules, which results in DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis inhibition. (medscape.com)
  • Here this "proteogenomics" approach was applied to 122 treatment-naive primary breast cancers accrued to preserve post-translational modifications, including protein phosphorylation and acetylation. (wustl.edu)
  • We report a female patient who suffered from ovarian cancer at 50 years of age. (frontiersin.org)
  • Consequently, she developed ovarian cancer and secondary t-CMML and then suffered from BMF and delayed post−chemotherapy bone marrow recovery after several chemotherapy courses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fanconi anemia, breast/ovarian cancer, leukemia) ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Unfortunately, she developed ovarian cancer, secondary t-CMML, and post−chemotherapy BMF sequentially in her fifties. (frontiersin.org)
  • We also validated this formulation technologically and tested its behavior in in vitro colorectal cancer (CRC) models, including CRC patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs). (frontiersin.org)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: APC promoter hypermethylation contributes to the loss of APC expression in colorectal cancers with allelic loss on 5q. (duke.edu)
  • MATERIAL AND METHODS: 137 sporadic colorectal cancer specimens were investigated for LOH at the 5q locus. (duke.edu)
  • BACKGROUND: Understanding the molecular biology of colorectal cancer (CRC) provides opportunities for effective personalised patient management. (lu.se)
  • Pacienții diagnosticati cu sindrom Lynch au un risc cuprins intre 50-80% de a dezvolta pe parcursul vieții cancer colorectal . (synevo.ro)
  • Ghidurile internaționale, inclusiv National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), recomandă ca toate cazurile cu cancer colorectal să fie evaluate si pentru confirmarea existentei sindromului Lynch, cu scopul identificarii pacienților ai caror membri din familie vor putea beneficia de testare genetica ulterioara și consiliere suplimentara. (synevo.ro)
  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem worldwide, and much evidence has verified that chronic inflammation is a key predisposing factor for the development of CRC. (carcinogenesis.com)
  • There was no significant relationship between the DNA ploidy status and histopathological grading, lymph node metastasis and local recurrence development, respectively. (researchgate.net)
  • Consequently, these changes in gene expression can inhibit genetic regions related to tumor suppression, cell growth, DNA repair, intracellular binding, and inhibition of metastasis, among other processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Malignant mesothelioma (MM), an aggressive cancer strongly associated with asbestos exposure, can be difficult to distinguish from adenocarcinoma of the lung when limited material is available. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, with the examination of 14 loci, we have identified 5 candidates that show potential for distinguishing between MM, adenocarcinoma and/or non-cancer lung. (nih.gov)
  • Most human mortality associated with cancer is a consequence of diagnosis at late stages, when therapies are less effective 1 . (nature.com)
  • DNA testing is also used in the diagnosis of certain microorganisms. (nytimes-se.com)
  • Methods: We conducted a single-center, prospective study of 30 Chinese patients with suspected advanced lung cancer, who were unable to undergo a biopsy for initial diagnosis due to comorbidities or poor performance status. (elsevierpure.com)
  • For approval, these substances have to be tested first for its potential to cause cancer (carcinogenicity). (invitrojobs.com)
  • Mutagenicity must be distinguished from genotoxicity: mutagens are substances or radiation that cause a change in the DNA which leads to a change in the genetic makeup. (invitrojobs.com)
  • Non-genotoxic substances work through secondary mechanisms that do not involve any direct interaction with DNA. (invitrojobs.com)
  • DNA topoisomerases, ubiquitously present in eukaryotes, archaebacteria and Eubacteria, are necessary for the regulation of DNA topology in various cellular procedures [ 3 , 4 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • To address these challenges, we developed an approach, called GEnome-wide Mutational Incidence for Non-Invasive detection of cancer (GEMINI), that can identify a much larger number of somatic alterations in cfDNA (Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
  • Administration of the doenjang using probiotic mixed starter cultures ameliorated the symptoms of colon cancer, and reduced the incidence of neoplasia, and reduced the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase and cycloooxygenase-2 expression levels in colonic tissue. (carcinogenesis.com)
  • Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • Apalutamide may help fight prostate cancer by blocking the use of androgen by the tumor cells. (dana-farber.org)
  • Their preliminary data show fluctuations in chromatin mobility in response to DNA damage, which may impact genomic translocation frequencies in cells with DNA damage. (cancer.gov)
  • Cancer cells try to avoid the overproduction of reactive oxygen species by metabolic rearrangements. (hindawi.com)
  • Cancer cells demand high energy production to sustain their pathological increase in proliferation rate. (hindawi.com)
  • In cancer cells, ROS production is mainly due to overexpression of the NADPH oxidase [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • While a balance between enhanced ROS production and detoxification can be maintained, cancer cells will proliferate and survive. (hindawi.com)
  • Commonly used radio- and chemotherapies are prooxidant strategies that alter cancer cells through ROS modulation and induce cell death [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Surprisingly, the genetic sequence of the DNA in cells that have undergone ADM is not different from the original acinar cells. (pancan.org)
  • He and his research team will next identify epigenetic changes that occur as normal cells of the pancreas are transformed to precancerous (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm, or PanIN) and cancerous states. (pancan.org)
  • A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
  • Bleomycin inhibits the uncontrolled cell division in cancer-causing cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • Unlike normal cells, cancer cells lose the ability to stop division. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • Drugs used in chemotherapy halts this division and kills cancer cells. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • Bleomycin interacts with cancerous cells and binds with the DNA, and inhibits cell synthesis by breaking DNA strands. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • Blocks or turn off signals that tell cancer cells to grow and divide. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • Destroy cancer cells. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • Wang G, Fang X, Han M, Wang X and Huang Q: MicroRNA-493-5p promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation and invasion in liver cancer cells by targeting VAMP2. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • EGFR is expressed on the cell surface of normal cells and cancer cells. (medscape.com)
  • The chromasomes have divided to form new pair of cells, but the fragments of the DNA have rejoined in an incorrect order, resulting in a change in the operations of the cell. (emfacts.com)
  • A Hürthle cell neoplasm is defined generally as an encapsulated thyroid lesion comprising at least 75% Hürthle cells. (medscape.com)
  • We, therefore, utilized a two stage initiation/promotion protocol to determine whether inhaled MWCNT act as a complete carcinogen and/or promote the growth of cells with existing DNA damage. (cdc.gov)
  • Also, FISH is more sensitive than IHC for detection of abnormalities in the HER-2/neu gene, and further studies should be undertaken to determine whether a FISH-based HER-2/neu detection method may prove of importance in the prediction of prognosis and planning of therapy in prostate cancer patients. (nih.gov)
  • A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which makes up only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)
  • Ren L, Liu J, Gou K, Xing C. Copy number variation and high expression of DNA topoisomerase II alpha predict worse prognosis of cancer: a meta-analysis. (jcancer.org)
  • Increasing numbers of literatures have investigated the association between TOP2A and cancer prognosis. (jcancer.org)
  • The aim of this meta-analysis was to elucidate whether TOP2A could predict prognosis of cancer. (jcancer.org)
  • Hazard Ratio (HR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the strength of association between TOP2A and cancer prognosis. (jcancer.org)
  • High TOP2A expression suggested significant relationship with worse cancer prognosis. (jcancer.org)
  • Therefore, TOP2A might be used as an indicator for poor prognosis of cancer in the future. (jcancer.org)
  • A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which comprises only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)
  • A new and abnormal growth of tissue of the type that is characteristic of cancer. (emfacts.com)
  • To evaluate the effects, three end points were employed: DNA repair capacity, cell survival, and chromosome aberrations. (ndltd.org)
  • This condition is considered to be a possible precursor to cervical cancer, and is diagnosed as an abnormal Pap smear. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The risk of developing cervical cancer is closely related to sexual behaviour of both the woman and her male partner. (who.int)
  • Multicentre case-control studies clearly demonstrated a cervical cancer risk associated with infection with a variety of human papillomaviruses (HPV) other than types 16 and 18. (who.int)
  • Trial Description: This trial is testing whether molecularly targeted oral medications called talazoparib and tazemetostat can be safely combined for the treatment of prostate cancer , and whether the combination is effective in shrinking or preventing the growth of metastatic prostate cancer . (dana-farber.org)
  • Erlotinib has been approved by the FDA for use, in combination with gemcitabine, as a first-line treatment for locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Early detection of cancer has demonstrated clinical benefits in multiple cancer types, but the implementation of screening approaches remains challenging 2 . (nature.com)
  • It is not possible to predict which patients treated for a primary cancer will develop t-MN , which constitutes a major clinical challenge. (cancer.gov)
  • In the fight against pancreatic cancer, clinical trials often provide the best treatment options. (pancan.org)
  • Significant differences in survival were revealed when comparison was made with developing countries, for people with cancers that can be successfully treated by chemotherapy (malignant lymphomas, leukaemia, testicular tumours) and modest differences for neoplasms that can be cured by early detection and surgical intervention. (who.int)
  • A method to assess the risk of translocations after patient exposures to DNA damaging chemotherapy and radiations would inform therapeutic decisions. (cancer.gov)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Exploiting DNA damage without repair: The activity of platinum chemotherapy in BRCA-mutated prostate cancers. (duke.edu)
  • We analyzed whole-genome sequencing data from 2,511 individuals in the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) study as well as 489 individuals from four prospective cohorts and found distinct regional mutation type-specific frequencies in tissue and cell-free DNA from patients with cancer that were associated with replication timing and other chromatin features. (nature.com)
  • This approach lays the groundwork for non-invasive cancer detection using genome-wide mutation features that may facilitate cancer screening and monitoring. (nature.com)
  • In recent years, we've been hearing a lot about DNA and related concepts such as gene, mutation, and cloning. (nytimes-se.com)
  • Patients with FA gene mutation are hypersensitive to DNA damage and unable to successfully repair damaged DNA when exposed to DNA-crosslinking agents, cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, and ionizing radiation ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Throughout the lifetime of patients with an FA gene mutation, DNA damage increasing accumulates, which would lead to a complex clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by developmental abnormalities, bone marrow failure (BMF), immune deficiency, and a high risk of developing various cancers (e.g. (frontiersin.org)
  • Previous studies have demonstrated that DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4), Trib3 (tribbles pseudo kinase 3), alpha-synuclein (α-syn) are involved in METH-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. (cancerindex.org)
  • The DNA Repair Interest Group is concerned with all forms of DNA damage and repair. (nih.gov)
  • Specifically, he is addressing how tissue architecture and nuclear organization regulate the DNA damage response. (cancer.gov)
  • Oxidative stress produces DNA damage and also induces responses, which could help the cell to restore the initial equilibrium. (hindawi.com)
  • Bleomycin's primary mechanism of action is to oxidatively damage DNA by binding to metal ions, including iron, and forming metallic bleomycin complexes. (yashodahospitals.com)
  • Irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38 bind reversibly to the topoisomerase-1 DNA complex and prevent re-ligation of the single-strand breaks, leading to exposure time-dependent double-strand DNA damage and cell death. (medscape.com)
  • For this patient, we hypothesized that an altered FA pathway resulted in genomic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA-crosslinking agents or cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, and unsuccessful DNA damage repair. (frontiersin.org)
  • Electrophloresis A technique used to examine damage to DNA. (emfacts.com)
  • Dr. Leach also received a research grant from the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network and is the chair of our Scientific and Medical Advisory Board. (pancan.org)
  • By signing up, you will receive periodic updates and communications from the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network. (pancan.org)
  • are the trademarks of the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, Inc. (pancan.org)
  • Contributions to the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network are tax-deductible to the extent permitted by law. (pancan.org)
  • The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network's tax identification number is #33-0841281. (pancan.org)
  • Her research program includes hyperpolarized 13C MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to assess renal tumor aggressiveness and diffuse renal disease (nephropathy), as well as quantitative imaging in pancreatic cancer. (ucsf.edu)
  • Pancreatic Cancer Organoids: An Emerging Platform for Precision Medicine? (lu.se)
  • The most active agents for pancreatic cancer have been 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and gemcitabine. (medscape.com)
  • Response rates are typically less than 20% in pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
  • CITATION Cancers (Basel). (cun.es)
  • 90% of patients with lung cancer, including those with stage I and II disease. (nature.com)
  • Fluorouracil has some effect on DNA and is useful in symptom palliation for patients with progressive disease. (medscape.com)
  • Objective: The aim of this article was to review the extant literature about possible mechanisms for a relationship between periodontal disease and oral cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results: The relationship between periodontal disease and oral cancer is based on the release of inflammatory mediators and periodontopathogens from periodontal pockets to healthy sites via the blood and saliva, thereby changing the host's epigenetic patterns. (bvsalud.org)
  • In prostate cancer (PC), a similar predictive role has been hindered by variable immunohistochemical (IHC) results. (nih.gov)
  • These changes have been predicted by cancer epidemiologists for many years, but even they are surprised by the speed at which these changes are occurring, e.g., the emergence of cancer of the breast, colon and prostate in several countries in which these neoplasms were hardly known only 20 to 30 years ago. (who.int)
  • Trial Description: This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of a prostate cancer vaccine named Proscavax ( Prostate -specific antigen(PSA) / Interleukin-2(IL-2) / Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)) in patients with localized prostate cancer . (dana-farber.org)
  • Research has shown that these men are at an increased risk of developing prostate cancer but more information is needed about the pathogenesis of prostate cancer in this defined group and the role of screening in these men. (dana-farber.org)
  • Trial Description: This phase III trial compares less intense hormone therapy and radiation therapy to usual hormone therapy and radiation therapy in treating patients with high risk prostate cancer and low gene risk score. (dana-farber.org)
  • Trial Description: This phase III trial studies whether adding apalutamide to the usual treatment improves outcome in patients with lymph node positive prostate cancer after surgery. (dana-farber.org)
  • For example, screening for lung cancer using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended in the United States for adults aged 50-80 years who have smoked at least 20 pack years and currently smoke or have quit smoking within the last 15 years 3 . (nature.com)
  • Liquid biopsies may overcome these challenges and provide an attractive approach for the non-invasive detection of lung cancer and other malignancies. (nature.com)
  • Lung cancer risk after exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review and meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • 2003. Screening for lung cancer: a review of the current literature. (cdc.gov)
  • Screening for lung cancer: the guidelines. (cdc.gov)
  • 1998. Diesel exhaust exposure and lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • 1990. Case-control study on occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and lung cancer risk. (cdc.gov)
  • A major epidemiological study on environmental tobacco smoke has been completed and revealed a significant dose-response relationship between passive smoking (at home or at the workplace) and lung cancer. (who.int)
  • A Systematic Review of Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition Factor (MET) and Its Impact in the Development and Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. (lu.se)
  • This is the first prospective study showing that ctDNA genotyping provides a feasible diagnostic approach for frail lung cancer patients who are unable to undergo biopsy, which subsequently leads to EGFR-targeted therapy, and improved outcomes in this subgroup of patients. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Exon 5 polymorphisms in the O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase gene and lung cancer risk in non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke. (cdc.gov)
  • O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase gene polymorphisms and the risk of primary lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Receiving any other investigational agent which would be considered as a treatment for the primary neoplasm. (mayo.edu)
  • Orcutt ST and Anaya DA: Liver resection and surgical strategies for management of primary liver cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • PARP enzymes are involved in normal cellular function (eg, DNA transcription and repair). (medscape.com)
  • National Institutes of Health (U.S.). DNA Repair Interest Group. (nih.gov)
  • Beyond the ongoing PS-OP research focused on chromatin motions during DNA repair, PS-OP researchers anticipate broad applicability of novel 3D imaging resources to study chromatin in multiple contexts. (cancer.gov)
  • Results in human, mouse and C. elegans models delineate molecular and functional relationships with BRCA2, PALB2, RAD51 and RPA1 that suggest a role for MRG15 in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. (lu.se)
  • Following exposure to an initial, single dose of 4NQ0, the time course of DNA repair synthesis (as measured by ³HTdR incorporation) was determined. (ndltd.org)
  • DNA repair synthesis was virtually complete at 12 hours post-treatment. (ndltd.org)
  • The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway (also known as the FA-BRCA pathway) is involved in the repair of DNA lesions by homologous recombination, which plays a vital role in the maintenance of genomic stability ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cancer Facts & Figures 2022. (medscape.com)
  • Available at https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2022/2022-cancer-facts-and-figures.pdf . (medscape.com)