• The E. coli DNA ligase is encoded by the lig gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA ligase in E. coli, as well as most prokaryotes, uses energy gained by cleaving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to create the phosphodiester bond. (wikipedia.org)
  • The activity of E. coli DNA ligase can be enhanced by DNA polymerase at the right concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the concentrations of Pol I DNA polymerases are higher, it has an adverse effect on E. coli DNA ligase The DNA ligase from bacteriophage T4 (a bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli bacteria). (wikipedia.org)
  • It can also ligate blunt-ended DNA with much greater efficiency than E. coli DNA ligase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike E. coli DNA ligase, T4 DNA ligase cannot utilize NAD and it has an absolute requirement for ATP as a cofactor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further purification and properties of polynucleotide ligase from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T4. (takarabio.com)
  • The enzyme DNA ligases were firstly isolated from E. coli in 1967, and several DNA ligases were discovered in 1967and 1968. (microbenotes.com)
  • Last stop on the road to repair: structure of E. coli DNA ligase bound to nicked DNA-adenylate. (cornell.edu)
  • A proteolytic product of E. coli DNA Polymerase I Biomolecule/Target: Alternates names: DNA Polymerase I,DNA Polymerase I, Large Fragment,Klenow Fragment,DNA. (telospub.com)
  • Single Stranded DNA Binding Protein, E. coli is available at Gentaur for Next week delivery. (telospub.com)
  • The primers are synthesized by a DNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme called primase-the product of the dna G gene in E. coli . (blogspot.com)
  • AMP is required for the ligase reaction, which proceeds in four steps: Reorganization of activity site such as nicks in DNA segments or Okazaki fragments etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA ligase I: ligates the nascent DNA of the lagging strand after the Ribonuclease H has removed the RNA primer from the Okazaki fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is compelling evidence that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a DNA sliding clamp, co-ordinates the processing and joining of Okazaki fragments during eukaryotic DNA replication. (nih.gov)
  • The short pieces of lagging-strand DNA are named Okazaki fragments in honor of their discoverer, Reiji Okazaki. (blogspot.com)
  • Each primer is extended from its 3′ end by DNA polymerase I to form an Okazaki fragment, as shown in the Figure. (blogspot.com)
  • Okazaki fragments are eventually joined to produce a continuous strand of DNA. (blogspot.com)
  • Enhancement only works when the concentrations of the DNA polymerase 1 are much lower than the DNA fragments to be ligated. (wikipedia.org)
  • The final phosphodiester linkage between the 5'-phosphate group on the DNA chain synthesized by DNA polymerase III and the 3'-hydroxyl group on the chain made by DNA polymerase I is catalyzed by DNA ligase. (microbenotes.com)
  • Have greater confidence in library amplification results with Codex® HiFi Hot Start DNA Polymerase, delivering greater library complexity, high yields, and enhanced uniformity of coverage. (codexis.com)
  • DNA Polymerase I, Large (Klenow) Fragment is available at Gentaur for Next week delivery. (telospub.com)
  • New work on DNA polymerase λ highlights its remarkable flexibility. (nature.com)
  • The replisome contains activities that separate the strands and hold them apart for synthesis by the replisome version of DNA polymerase, called DNA polymerase III in bacteria. (blogspot.com)
  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Recall that the replisome contains a DNA polymerase III holoenzyme dimer with two core complexes that can catalyze polymerization. (blogspot.com)
  • The use of short RNA primers gets around the limitation imposed by the mechanism of DNA polymerase, namely, that it cannot initiate DNA synthesis de novo . (blogspot.com)
  • The primosome, along with DNA polymerase III, is part of the replisome. (blogspot.com)
  • DNA polymerase III catalyzes synthesis of DNA in the 5′ → 3′ direction by extending each short RNA primer. (blogspot.com)
  • The steps are carried out by the combined action of DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase. (blogspot.com)
  • Eukaryotic, archaebacterial, viral and some eubacterial DNA ligases are ATP-dependent. (embl.de)
  • Whereas eukaryotic DNA ligases are ATP-dependent bacteria, archaea and virus DNA ligases are both NAD+ and ATP dependent. (microbenotes.com)
  • Most eukaryotic DNA ligases use ATP as a cofactor, including bacteriophage, archaeal, and eubacteria DNA ligases. (microbenotes.com)
  • DNA-ligase activity in eukaryotic cells is carried out by two different molecular forms of the enzyme. (silverchair.com)
  • DNA repair proteins that include the bacterial MutS DNA mismatch-binding protein and its eukaryotic homologs that function in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR and recombination of DNA during MEIOSIS. (bvsalud.org)
  • It catalyzes the final step in the non-homologous end joining DNA double-strand break repair pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • A closed, ring-shaped conformation of ligase catalyzes a DNA end-joining reaction that is strongly stimulated by PCNA. (rcsb.org)
  • T4 DNA Ligase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between double-stranded DNA fragments with 3'-OH and 5'-phosphate ends, in the presence of ATP. (takarabio.com)
  • DNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the ligation reaction, ligation is the process of joining various types of DNA fragments. (microbenotes.com)
  • It is, as defined in biology, a class of enzyme that binds or joins two macromolecules by forming new bonds such as C-O, C-N, and C-S. Ligase enzyme catalyzes the ligase reaction, e.g. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Biology/Biochemistry: Ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the binding of two molecules. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • because, for example, amino acid-RNA ligase catalyzes, C-O bond formation between amino acid and RNA transfer. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • About once every second, primase catalyzes the synthesis of a short RNA primer using this single-stranded DNA as a template. (blogspot.com)
  • one successful approach, for example, tested T4 DNA ligase fused to several alternative DNA binding proteins and found that the constructs with either p50 or NF-kB as fusion partners were over 160% more active in blunt-end ligations for cloning purposes than wild type T4 DNA ligase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Similar to the functionally homologous human proteins, yeast RFC interacts with and inhibits Cdc9 DNA ligase whereas the addition of PCNA alleviates inhibition by RFC. (nih.gov)
  • Our group has identified DNA topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα) as one of the important mitotic proteins for SUMOylation. (ku.edu)
  • DNA-PKcs is modified by phosphorylation and has been shown to interact with Ku70/Ku80, KIP, DNA-ligase IV, and XRCC4 proteins. (biolegend.com)
  • It can ligate either cohesive or blunt ends of DNA, oligonucleotides, as well as RNA and RNA-DNA hybrids, but not single-stranded nucleic acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both blunt and cohesive end DNA ligation, as well as single-stranded nick repair of DNA, RNA and DNA/RNA, are possible using the T4 DNA ligase. (takarabio.com)
  • joining blunt and cohesive end termini as well as repairing single stranded nicks in duplex DNA. (alpha-zyme.com)
  • The field of DNA nanotechnology has harnessed the programmability of DNA base pairing to direct single-stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) to assemble into desired 3D structures. (nature.com)
  • Hydrolyzes single-stranded DNA in the 3'→5' direction, releasing 5'-mononucleotides and leaving the terminal 5'-dinucleotide intact. (telospub.com)
  • DNA ligase IV: homologous recombination repair and important in immune cell development and other activities critical to a normal cell. (microbenotes.com)
  • Human CtIP is a decisive factor in DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice by enabling DNA-end resection, the first step that differentiates homologous recombination (HR) from non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). (ed.ac.uk)
  • Here, we identify the Cullin3 E3 ligase substrate adaptor Kelch-like protein 15 (KLHL15) as a new interaction partner of CtIP and show that KLHL15 promotes CtIP protein turnover via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (ed.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we found that RING finger protein 4 (RNF4), a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, is required for the RIPK1 autophosphorylation and subsequent cell death. (mdpi.com)
  • DNA ligase IV: complexes with XRCC4. (wikipedia.org)
  • For nearly all NHEJ joining events, XRCC4-DNA ligase IV (X4L4) carries out the ligation. (nature.com)
  • Exceptions to this are observed in cells lacking XRCC4 or ligase IV and concomitantly when there is time for either of the other two ligases (ligase I (L1) and ligase III (L3)) to ligate either the top strand or the bottom strand of the DNA duplex 3 . (nature.com)
  • DNA ligase III: complexes with DNA repair protein XRCC1 to aid in sealing DNA during the process of nucleotide excision repair and recombinant fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ec BirA is a new protein:DNA linking system and JCU's proof-of-concept application in quantitative immuno‑PCR (qIPCR). (edu.au)
  • LigA envelopes the DNA within a protein clamp. (cornell.edu)
  • To coordinate appropriate and timely execution of DNA-end resection, CtIP function is tightly controlled by multiple protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications. (ed.ac.uk)
  • DNA-protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) also known as DNA-activated kinase is a nuclear 460-470 kD serine threonine kinase involved in double-stranded DNA break repair, VDJ recombination, and transcriptional modulation. (biolegend.com)
  • Reference: Mechanistic comparison of high-fidelity and error-prone DNA polymerases and ligases involved in DNA repair. (neb.com)
  • Fig. 3: Additions of nucleotides by pol X family polymerases at DNA ends. (nature.com)
  • DNA polymerases catalyze chain elongation exclusively in the 5′ → 3′ direction. (blogspot.com)
  • It does not ligate blunt-ended DNA except under conditions of molecular crowding with polyethylene glycol, and cannot join RNA to DNA efficiently. (wikipedia.org)
  • It can ligate either cohesive end or blunt ends of DNA, RNA -DNA hybrid, and also RNA. (microbenotes.com)
  • Purified DNA ligase is used in gene cloning to join DNA molecules together to form recombinant DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Haploid androgenetic axolotl embryos develop devoid of the 8S DNA-ligase characteristic of control embryos ( Fig. 1A,B ). The paternal gene for DNA-ligase I is in a repressed state. (silverchair.com)
  • Succinate-CoA ligase deficiency results from mutations in the SUCLA2 or SUCLG1 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in either the SUCLA2 or SUCLG1 gene disrupt the normal function of succinate-CoA ligase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The Neisseria gonorrhoeae assay uses LCR TM (ligase chain reaction) amplification technology in the LCx Probe System for the direct, qualitative detection of a specific target nucleic acid sequence in the Opa gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (cdc.gov)
  • The four oligonucleotide probes in the LCx assay recognize and hybridize to a specific target sequence within the Opa gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA. (cdc.gov)
  • When complexed with heterotrimeric PCNA, the DNA ligase binds to the PCNA3 subunit and ligase retains an open, extended conformation. (rcsb.org)
  • DNA ligase joins the DNA molecule covalently by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides. (microbenotes.com)
  • However, the desired nucleotides must be incorporated into a long DNA with complex secondary structure from which they would need to be cleaved as a second step. (nature.com)
  • This limitation presents no difficulty for leading-strand synthesis since once DNA synthesis is under way nucleotides are continuously added to a growing chain. (blogspot.com)
  • Quick Tips - Why is there precipitate in my T4 DNA ligase buffer? (neb.com)
  • Mix 2μL of 10x T4 DNA Ligase Buffer, 5μL of the double-digested pQE-80-L-Kan vector, 10μL of the wildtype insert, 2μL of nuclease free H 2 O, and 1μL of T4 DNA Ligase. (openwetware.org)
  • The cells were then intracellularly stained with 5 µg/ml anti-DNA-PKcs phospho (Thr2609) (clone 10B1) antibody in blocking buffer overnight at 4°C followed by staining with Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG antibody (clone Poly4053) for one hour at room temperature. (biolegend.com)
  • T4 DNA Ligase is a ligation enzyme that can be used to join DNA fragments by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between juxtaposed 5' phosphate and 3' hydroxyl termini in double-stranded DNA using ATP as a coenzyme. (takarabio.com)
  • Ligase will also work with blunt ends, although higher enzyme concentrations and different reaction conditions are required. (wikipedia.org)
  • A typical reaction for inserting a fragment into a plasmid vector would use about 0.01 (sticky ends) to 1 (blunt ends) units of ligase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Properties of the enzyme-adenylate intermediate in the polynucleotide ligase reaction. (takarabio.com)
  • Domain la is required for the reaction of ligase with NAD + to form the ligase-AMP intermediate. (microbenotes.com)
  • The reaction proceeds in three steps: removal of the RNA primer, synthesis of replacement DNA, and sealing of the adjacent DNA fragments. (blogspot.com)
  • The Chlamydia trachomatis assay uses LCR TM (ligase chain reaction) amplification technology in the LCx Probe System for the direct, qualitative detection of plasmid DNA of Chlamydia trachomatis. (cdc.gov)
  • DNA ligase II: A purification artifact resulting from proteolytic degradation of DNA ligase III. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA ligase II: purification or excision repair of alternatively spliced form of DNA ligase III found in non-dividing cells. (microbenotes.com)
  • Of the all known mammalian DNA ligases, only Lig III has been found to be present in mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA ligase III: It is the only mammalian ligase that is found in mitochondria. (microbenotes.com)
  • Mitochondria each contain a small amount of DNA, known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA, which is essential for the normal function of these structures. (medlineplus.gov)
  • DNA ligase is a type of enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond. (wikipedia.org)
  • Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • An example is DNA ligase which joins two pieces of DNA by forming a phosphodiester bond. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Energy is required for the joining of nicks (nicks lack the phosphodiester linkage between the nucleotide sequence) of DNA. (microbenotes.com)
  • It is two domain ligase, the first one is the adenylation or nucleotide-binding domain. (microbenotes.com)
  • It ligates DNA during the process of nucleotide excision repair and recombinant fragment. (microbenotes.com)
  • The SUCLA2 and SUCLG1 genes each provide instructions for making one part (subunit) of an enzyme called succinate-CoA ligase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our results suggest that PIASy is an important E3 ligase that mediates mitotic SUMOylation in human cells. (ku.edu)
  • Whether you are performing your first cloning experiment or constructing multi-fragment DNA assemblies, NEB ® has the solution for you. (neb.com)
  • Zhou, W. , Richmond-Buccola, D. , Wang, Q. , and Kranzusch, P. J. (2022) Structural basis of human TREX1 DNA degradation and autoimmune disease . (cornell.edu)
  • In mammals, there are four specific types of ligase. (wikipedia.org)
  • It plays a role in repairing single-strand breaks in duplex DNA in living organisms, but some forms (such as DNA ligase IV) may specifically repair double-strand breaks (i.e. a break in both complementary strands of DNA). (wikipedia.org)
  • This fits with the generally adaptable nature of the DNA-repair process in which this enzyme is involved-nonhomologous end-joining-which allows this mechanism to handle diverse types of broken DNA ends in order to restore the duplex structure, albeit with a loss of information at the join. (nature.com)
  • ATP-dependent and NAD+ dependent ligases have a catalytic core. (microbenotes.com)
  • Many DNA ligases also contain a non-catalytic domain that is conserved, but the function of this domain is unknown. (microbenotes.com)
  • NAD + dependent ligases have a central ligase catalytic core which is composed of oligonucleotide binding fold domain and nucleotidyltransferase domain. (microbenotes.com)
  • There are two forms of DNA ligase, one requires ATP ( EC 6.5.1.1 ), the other NAD ( EC 6.5.1.2 ), the latter being restricted to eubacteria. (embl.de)
  • We have determined structures of Sulfolobus solfataricus DNA ligase and heterotrimeric PCNA separately by X-ray diffraction and in complex by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). (rcsb.org)
  • In addition, DNA ligase has extensive use in molecular biology laboratories for recombinant DNA experiments (see Research applications). (wikipedia.org)
  • A ligase that makes the connection of two macromolecules and uses molecular energy obtained by the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates (such as ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP, and UTP), for example, the hydrolysis of -adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is adenosine. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Based on the molecular bond catalyzed by the ligase enzyme, ligase can be classified into six subclasses (see Table 2). (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • The heavy molecular form of the enzyme, referred to as DNA-ligase I, is generally present in proliferating tissues. (silverchair.com)
  • A reduction in the amount of mitochondrial DNA (known as mitochondrial DNA depletion) impairs mitochondrial function in many of the body's cells and tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • DNA ligase (polydeoxyribonucleotide synthase) is the enzyme that joins two DNA fragments by catalysing the formation of an internucleotide ester bond between phosphate and deoxyribose. (embl.de)
  • Succinate-CoA ligase deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects the early development of the brain and other body systems. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most children with succinate-CoA ligase deficiency also experience a failure to thrive, which means that they gain weight and grow more slowly than expected. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Succinate-CoA ligase deficiency causes breathing difficulties that often lead to recurrent infections of the respiratory tract. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These infections can be life-threatening, and most people with succinate-CoA ligase deficiency live only into childhood or adolescence. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A few individuals with succinate-CoA ligase deficiency have had an even more severe form of the disorder known as fatal infantile lactic acidosis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although the exact prevalence of succinate-CoA ligase deficiency is unknown, it appears to be very rare. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A shortage (deficiency) of this enzyme leads to problems with the production and maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These problems lead to hypotonia, muscle weakness, and the other characteristic features of succinate-CoA ligase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Further investigations revealed that in vitro cells derived from patients with Nijmegen breakage syndrome display characteristic abnormalities similar to those observed in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) , including spontaneous chromosomal instability, sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR), and radioresistant DNA synthesis (RDS). (medscape.com)
  • Succinate-CoA ligase is involved in producing and maintaining the building blocks of mitochondrial DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This open-to-closed switch in the conformation of DNA ligase is accommodated by a malleable interface with PCNA that serves as an efficient platform for DNA ligation. (rcsb.org)
  • However, a detailed mechanistic understanding of functional PCNA:ligase I interactions has been incomplete. (nih.gov)
  • Here we present the co-crystal structure of yeast PCNA with a peptide encompassing the conserved PCNA interaction motif of Cdc9, yeast DNA ligase I. The Cdc9 peptide contacts both the inter-domain connector loop (IDCL) and residues near the C-terminus of PCNA. (nih.gov)
  • Complementary mutational and biochemical results demonstrate that these two interaction interfaces are required for complex formation both in the absence of DNA and when PCNA is topologically linked to DNA. (nih.gov)
  • HTBS recruits HIV reverse transcriptase, which nucleates DNA synthesis and is aided in elongation by murine leukemia reverse transcriptase. (nature.com)
  • The companies collaborated to develop this TdT enzyme to advance fully enzymatic DNA synthesis for the production of long, pure, accurate oligonucleotides to accelerate innovation in many fields. (biospace.com)
  • Since the two strands of DNA are antiparallel, synthesis using one template strand occurs in the same direction as fork movement, but synthesis using the other template strand occurs in the direction opposite fork movement. (blogspot.com)
  • Loss of the bloom syndrome helicase increases DNA ligase 4-independent genome rearrangements and tumorigenesis in aging Drosophila. (tufts.edu)
  • In human DNA ligase I ( P18858 ), and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast) ( P04819 ), this region was necessary for catalysis, and separated from the amino terminus by targeting elements. (embl.de)
  • Consequently, DNA-end resection is strongly attenuated in cells overexpressing KLHL15 but amplified in cells either expressing a CtIP-FRY mutant or lacking KLHL15, thus impacting the balance between HR and NHEJ. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The T4 ligase is the most-commonly used in laboratory research. (wikipedia.org)
  • Boost assay sensitivity and improve the number of successfully processed samples with a ligase engineered to address sequencing challenges. (codexis.com)
  • We also continue to make great progress in our life sciences business and recently launched our newly engineered DNA ligase which is designed to improve sensitivity of next generation sequencing testing and easily fit into existing workflows. (biospace.com)