Dna in drosophila melanogaster. Medical search. Frequent questions

D. melanogaster is typically used in research owing to its rapid life cycle, relatively simple genetics with only four pairs of chromosomes, and large number of offspring per generation. (wikipedia.org)
We have hybridized Drosophila melanogaster DNA sequences to polytene chromosomes of D. silvestris. (hawaii.edu)
Mutagenic studies consisted of unscheduled DNA synthesis in human diploid WI-38 cells, mutation frequency in host mediated assays, sex linked recessive lethal mutation and loss of X or Y chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster, spermhead abnormality in rats and mice, chromosomal aberrations in rat bone marrow, and rat dominant lethal experiments. (cdc.gov)
Within cells, the cohesin complex helps regulate the structure and organization of chromosomes, stabilize cells' genetic information, and repair damaged DNA. (medlineplus.gov)

The interactions of proteins with chromosomal DNA control a variety of cellular processes, including gene transcription, DNA packing, replication, recombination, and DNA repair. (psu.edu)
Specific cloned DNA sequences can be assembled with proteins isolated from cellular extracts to provide details on the binding of each factor and its effect on the overall structure and activity of the complex. (psu.edu)
This technique is designed to locate the binding sites of purified proteins on end-labeled DNA fragments by determining which DNA base pairs become selectively resistant to DNA cleavage reagents. (psu.edu)
Chromosome association of minichromosome maintenance proteins in Drosophila endoreplication cycles. (wikigenes.org)
This group contains uncharacterized proteins including Drosophila melanogaster GM13116p and Caenorhabditis elegans hypothetical protein R11G1.4, both of which contain C2 (a calcium-binding domain) and C1 domains. (nih.gov)
Based on this domain structure, four additional HP1 family proteins have been identified in Drosophila melanogaster. (uab.edu)
Histones are proteins that condense DNA and protect it from mechanical and other stresses, but also make DNA rather inaccessible. (sciencedaily.com)
The binding activity expressed in embryos was apparently unrelated to human DNA repair damage-recognition proteins XPA、RPA-70 and RPA-32, since those polypeptides recognized by an anti-human XPA、RPA-70 and RPA-32 antibody were detected only in 84-h-old zebrafish extracts. (ncl.edu.tw)
DNA lesion-recognizing proteins and the p53 connection. (ncl.edu.tw)
Cytosine C5 methylation is an important epigenetic control mechanism in a wide array of eukaryotic organisms and generally carried out by proteins of the C-5 DNA methyltransferase family (DNMTs). (mdpi.com)

Using the model organism, Drosophila melanogaster, we investigate two novel mutations in two different evolutionary conserved regions. (ecu.edu)
It does not induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations or nondisjunction in Drosophila melanogaster . (inchem.org)
Eighteen isofemale strains were used in our tests and, after the first generation, all the individuals produced in each strain were maintained at 29°C. Different phenotype alterations were observed in subsequent generations, similar to mutations already well characterized in D. melanogaster (white, sepia, blistered and curly). (scielo.br)
This alteration would involve numerous mutations creating over four corresponding DNA binding sites known as transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). (evolutionnews.org)
Therefore, the chance of 10 coordinated mutations appearing on the same DNA strand works out to much less than 1 in 10 billion. (evolutionnews.org)
Both NIPBL and BRD4 bind at superenhancers, and mutations in these genes play a dual role in cohesinopathy.107 Notably, BRD4 also plays a role in DNA repair and signaling, raising the question of whether defective DNA repair is a feature of CDLS. (medscape.com)

Towards this end, we study recent transposable element (TE)-induced adaptations in Drosophila melanogaster. (blogspot.com)

Based on these population analyses, some genes have also been reported to accumulate many TE insertions, such as the 106.5 kb klarsicht , and the 24 kb derailed-2 that were analyzed in 146 strains of the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, using the model species Drosophila melanogaster , we used a combination of Genome Wide Association mapping (GWAS) and transcriptomic profiling to characterize whether genes associated with thermal tolerance are primarily involved in dynamic stress responses or preparatory processes that influence physiological condition at the time of thermal stress. (frontiersin.org)
Genes being Made of DNA. (timetoast.com)
They experimented this and proved that genes are a strong part of DNA. (timetoast.com)
However, adaptation is to date a very poorly understood process largely because the current approaches to the study of adaptation are often exclusively based on a priori candidate genes or on searching for signals of selection at the DNA level giving us an incomplete and biased picture of the adaptive process. (blogspot.com)
The project will use the genetic system of Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) to understand how DNA is managed in the cell and how genes are regulated. (pitzer.edu)
This paper addresses the problem of recognising DNA cis-regulatory modules which are located far from genes. (biomedcentral.com)
The transcription rate of genes is dictated primarily by interactions between DNA-binding transcription factors. (biomedcentral.com)

This ancestral epigenetic mechanism modulates gene expression in mammalian genomes, where DNA methylation is essential for development and cell differentiation and appears altered in many human diseases. (qmul.ac.uk)

Starting with Charles W. Woodworth's 1901 proposal of the use of this species as a model organism, D. melanogaster continues to be widely used for biological research in genetics, physiology, microbial pathogenesis, and life history evolution. (wikipedia.org)
Let us give some thought to the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster , that engaging fly which is the bond-servant of genetics. (evolutionnews.org)
Her lab at UAB utilizes a classical genetics model system, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , to study various open questions in the area of epigenetics and chromatin. (uab.edu)
Taking advantage of the genetics resources available in Drosophila, our experiments are designed to determine the relative importance of genetics and epigenetics in generating the variability in exercise response. (uab.edu)
We are interested in the population genetics and evolutionary genomics of adaptation , mainly by using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as an experimentally tractable model. (unifr.ch)
To address these longstanding problems we combine population genetics and population genomics, functional genetics, transcriptomics, physiology, and experimental evolution and apply them to natural and laboratory populations of D. melanogaster that are phenotypically differentiated for fitness-related traits. (unifr.ch)

These two mutants, both homozygous lethal and recessive, show interesting phenotypes with a delay in S-phase, numerous chromosome aberrations, defects in endoreplication and possible protection form DNA damage. (ecu.edu)
The grant, "RUI: Chromatin Dynamics and Transcription in Drosophila melanogaster, " will support Armstrong's ongoing research on the structure of the chromosome and gene expression. (pitzer.edu)

A genome-wide analysis of the D. melanogaster genome found that differences in TE density across 50 kb genomic regions was due both to transposition and duplication. (biomedcentral.com)
Recurrent insertion of transposable elements in specific genomic regions has been described in the Drosophila melanogaster reference genome. (biomedcentral.com)
However, over the years the picture slowly started to appear suggesting that the junk DNA hides a genomic treasure. (blogspot.com)
Though overrepresentation of TFBS motifs in regulatory DNA has been intensively exploited by many algorithms, it is still a difficult problem to distinguish regulatory from other genomic DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
It is estimated that the genomic DNA in each cell is subjected to 10,000 DNA damaging events each day. (salford.ac.uk)

We have isolated and analyzed DNA sequences encompassing the period (per) locus of Drosophila melanogaster. (nih.gov)
DNA methylation is the addition of a methyl group to the 5th position of cytosine (5mC) in the C-G rich sequences. (qmul.ac.uk)
The lower bound of 30 base pairs can be divided by a factor of 3 to compensate for sequence redundancies , flexibility in where in the DNA sequences start, and the fact that roughly one quarter of the bases would be correct purely by chance. (evolutionnews.org)

The Taq DNA Polymerase is intended for molecular biology applications. (qiagen.com)
Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism for exploring the molecular basis of longevity regulation. (jove.com)
These are known as enzymes that trandformed molecular biologists' skill to operate DNA.These are found in bacteria, and use the enzymes to digest attacking DNA. (timetoast.com)
Molecular biologists began using these enzymes, as well as DNA polymerase and DNA lipase in the early 1970s to cut,control, and study pieces of DNA in a expected and reproducible way. (timetoast.com)
Therefore, my work is focused on determining the biological role of this DNA glycosylase using molecular and cell biology techniques in collaboration with colleagues in Manchester and Liverpool. (salford.ac.uk)

The complete mitogenomes of 13 strains of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were sequenced. (lancs.ac.uk)
To address this, we used a lacZ reporter system in wild-type and several mutant strains of Drosophila melanogaster to analyze mechanisms of mutagenesis throughout their lifespan. (tufts.edu)

The developmental period for D. melanogaster varies with temperature, as with many ectothermic species. (wikipedia.org)
The fly homolog of NIPBL, Nipped-B, facilitates enhancer-promoter communication and regulates Notch signaling and other developmental pathways in Drosophila melanogaster. (nih.gov)
Drosophila melanogaster have served as the foundation of genetic and developmental studies for more than a century. (pitzer.edu)
UV-binding factors found in 12-h-old zebrafish embryos may be involved in processing developmental stage-specific DNA structures similar to UV-damage DNA. (ncl.edu.tw)

Here, we investigated, in females of both D. melanogaster and D. nigrosparsa , the gene expression between animals uninfected and infected with w Mel, using RNA sequencing to see if the two Drosophila species respond to the infection in the same or different ways. (nature.com)
Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae. (wikipedia.org)
Since Rcd-1 is a regulator of differentiation in other species, it suggests that Rcd-1r may serve a similar role during spermatogonial differentiation in Drosophila . (plos.org)
Chan Y-S, Huen DS, Glauert R, Whiteway E, Russell S (2013) Optimising Homing Endonuclease Gene Drive Performance in a Semi-Refractory Species: The Drosophila melanogaster Experience. (plos.org)
Drosophila willistoni (Sturtevant, 1916) is a species of the willistoni group of Drosophila having wide distribution from the South of USA (Florida) and Mexico to the North of Argentina. (scielo.br)
This last alteration has not been previously described as a mutation in the D. melanogaster species. (scielo.br)
Although highly conserved across mammalian species, invertebrate model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and C. elegans lack this epigenetic mark. (qmul.ac.uk)
My PhD project will pioneer the study of DNA methylation in Annelida (segmented worms), which is one of the most species-rich and morphologically and ecologically diverse animal group. (qmul.ac.uk)

however, DNA polymerase delta (pol [delta]) carries much of the load by replicating a major portion of the genome in both leading and lagging strand synthesis. (ecu.edu)
Taq DNA Polymerase is supplied with the unique QIAGEN PCR Buffer that minimizes the need for optimization of PCR parameters, as well as Q-Solution, a novel additive that enables efficient amplification of "difficult" (e.g. (qiagen.com)
Arthur Kornberg and his group seperated DNA polymerase. (timetoast.com)
They first seperated DNA polymerase from E. coli bacteria. (timetoast.com)
I then spent two years in the Biochemistry Department at Michigan State University in East Lansing, USA, working on the mitochondrial DNA polymerase from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster . (salford.ac.uk)

Sequence finishing and mapping of Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatin. (genscript.com)
The Release 5.1 annotation of Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatin. (genscript.com)
We are manipulating genome content, heterochromatin amount, DNA repair pathways, and more to define their role in sex-specific aging. (uab.edu)

Under optimal growth conditions at 25 °C (77 °F), the D. melanogaster lifespan is about 50 days from egg to death. (wikipedia.org)

Gene regulation is a complex process that involves mechanisms at the DNA sequence level and at the epigenetic level. (nature.com)
Epigenetic information is heritable, affects gene expression states and phenotypes, but is independent of DNA sequence. (uab.edu)
Examples of epigenetic systems include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin structure. (uab.edu)
My lab uses the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model system to investigate epigenetic systems and their influence on development and gene regulation. (uab.edu)

These findings answer fundamental questions about DNA double-strand break repair," says Robb Krumlauf, Ph.D., Scientific Director of the Stowers Institute. (sciencedaily.com)

One high-resolution method of mapping DNA-protein contacts that can be used with both reconstituted and cellular assemblies is DNA footprinting. (psu.edu)
He did this by adding protein to a tube of salt solution holding DNA molecules and nucleotide building blocks, it was able to make new strands of DNA. (timetoast.com)
The frogs DNA was copied and the gene it contained directed the making of a specific frog protein. (timetoast.com)
It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. (yeastrc.org)
Drosophila melanogaster ER membrane protein complex 8-9 (EMC8-9), mRNA. (genscript.com)
GenScript guarantees 100% sequence accuracy of all synthetic DNA constructs we deliver, but we do not guarantee protein expression in your experimental system. (genscript.com)
Ultimately, this task is accomplished experimentally using techniques such as empirical deletion analysis, direct binding measurements, and co-precipitation of protein-DNA complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
The DNA damage-recognition problem in human and other eukaryotic cell: the XPA damage binding protein. (ncl.edu.tw)
Characterization of DNA recognition by the human UV-damaged DNA-binding protein. (ncl.edu.tw)
DDB, a putative DNA repair protein, can function as a transcriptional partner of E2F1. (ncl.edu.tw)

While there are natural mechanisms within an organism to detect and repair these breaks, factors involved in DNA damage repair must first bypass histones. (sciencedaily.com)

Amitrole does not induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in hepatocytes of rats exposed in vivo . (inchem.org)
A Replicative DNA Synthesis assay using male Fischer 344 rats given a single dose of 0, 300 or 600 mg/kg bw benzyl alcohol by gavage was negative at all doses tested (Uno et al. (europa.eu)
1994). A Replicative DNA Synthesis assay using male B6C3F1 male mice given a single dose of 0, 400 or 800 mg/kg bw benzyl alcohol by gavage was negative at all doses tested (Miyagawa et al. (europa.eu)
Trichloroethylene caused unscheduled DNA synthesis, spermhead abnormality in mice, and some weak or borderline responses in host mediated assay and Drosophila. (cdc.gov)
Perchloroethylene caused spermhead abnormality in mice, positive responses in host mediated assay, and weak or borderline responses in tests for unscheduled DNA synthesis and bone marrow aberrations. (cdc.gov)

1995). A Drosophila melanogaster SRL assay with benzylalcohol 5000 ppm (feed) and 8000 ppm (injection) was negative (NTP TR343/Foureman et al. (europa.eu)

This will allow me to investigate the dynamics of 5mC DNA methylation during annelid development and the extent to which 5mC DNA methylation is conserved across annelid phylogeny. (qmul.ac.uk)
Additionally, I will conduct functional analyses on core elements of the DNA methylation machinery, such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), to tease apart their role during embryogenesis in O. fusiformis. (qmul.ac.uk)
It is involved in cell differentiation, maintenance of cell differentiation state, tumorigenesis, and cell senescence, mainly through DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and RNA-related silencing [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
DNA methylation is common in hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)

We are using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model for exercise biology. (uab.edu)

DNA is the genetic material for all living organisms which is constantly being unpackaged, replicated and repackaged. (ecu.edu)
To test our hypotheses, we measured the critical thermal minimum (CT min ) and critical thermal maximum (CT max ) of 100 lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and used GWAS to identify loci that explain variation in thermal limits. (frontiersin.org)
Although very catchy, the term "junk DNA" repelled mainstream researchers from studying noncoding genetic material for many years. (blogspot.com)
Title: A genetic screen for maternal-effect suppressors of decapentaplegic identifies the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A in Drosophila. (genscript.com)
In addition to the genetic information encoded within the DNA, other forms of information exist in the cell. (uab.edu)
The Drosophila genome is used as a model for studies of the human genome, helping scientists design genetic experiments that increase their understanding of aging, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. (pitzer.edu)

DNA repair pathways function less well, chromatin modifiers become misregulated, and noise in gene expression increases. (uab.edu)

Title: Identification of the Drosophila eIF4A gene as a target of the DREF transcription factor. (genscript.com)
Recognition of regulatory DNA regions based on description of known transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). (biomedcentral.com)

By analysing tum/RacGAP50C mutant Drosophila embryos we show that cells lacking Tum do not form furrows and fail to localise the key cytokinetic components Pebble (a RhoGEF), Aurora B kinase, Diaphanous, Pav-KLP and Anillin. (biologists.com)
Cell proliferation and DNA replication defects in a Drosophila MCM2 mutant. (wikigenes.org)

These data support a model in which Tum/RacGAP, via its interaction with Pbl, provides a critical link between the anaphase microtubule spindle and cytokinetic furrow formation in Drosophila cells. (biologists.com)
Gene Model Annotations for Drosophila melanogaster: Impact of High-Throughput Data. (genscript.com)
Gene Model Annotations for Drosophila melanogaster: The Rule-Benders. (genscript.com)
Together with our colleges in IISAGE, we investigate this question using Drosophila as a model. (uab.edu)

Following my DPhil studies at the University of Oxford, on DNA repair during plant seed dormancy, I spent three years at the Institut pour la Recherché sur le Cancer in Villejuif, France working on mammalian DNA ligases. (salford.ac.uk)
Mammalian cells have several families of DNA glycosylases to protect them from different types of DNA damage. (salford.ac.uk)

Drosophila melanogaster is a holometabolous insect, so it undergoes a full metamorphosis. (wikipedia.org)

Mitochondrial DNA, 27 (6). (lancs.ac.uk)

Their function is to repair DNA lesions using visible light. (jyu.fi)

Loss of the bloom syndrome helicase increases DNA ligase 4-independent genome rearrangements and tumorigenesis in aging Drosophila. (tufts.edu)

This work was very successful and we were the first to describe a novel form of the enzyme, which is now called DNA ligase III. (salford.ac.uk)

The results support Muller's hypothesis that the chromosomal elements have been largely conserved in the evolution of the genus Drosophila. (hawaii.edu)

Identification of one 50.2 and one 29-kDa UV-damage-DNA binding factor in 12-hr-old zebrafish extracts by EMSA linked to SDS-PAGE and determined by MALDI TOF analysis, indicated that the 29-kDa and 50.2-kDa polypeptides are high homologous to zebrafish fast skeletal muscle troponin T and vitellogenin. (ncl.edu.tw)

Multiprotein complexes are able to modify or mobilize histones to overcome the obstacle imposed by histones, and it has long been assumed that such complexes must act in concert with DNA repair enzymes at sites of DNA double-strand breaks. (sciencedaily.com)
My current research interests focus on a group of enzymes involved in DNA repair. (salford.ac.uk)
DNA glycosylases are enzymes that remove damaged (chemically altered) bases from DNA in the first step of BER. (salford.ac.uk)

Methylated DNA can prevent transcription factors from binding to it, resulting in low or no gene expression, which is an important alteration in the early initiation and development of malignant neoplastic diseases [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

The D. willistoni 17A2 strain was collected in 1991 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (30°05'S, 51°39'W), and has been maintained since then at the Drosophila laboratory of UFRGS. (scielo.br)

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