• When cells are exposed to UV radiation, DDB1 moves from the cytosol to the nucleus and binds to DDB2, thus forming the UV-DDB complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein, called p53, that is located in the nucleus of cells throughout the body, where it attaches (binds) directly to DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Using SMADNE, the researchers extracted DNA repair proteins from the nucleus of the cell. (genengnews.com)
  • The dense packing allows DNA molecule with a length of about two meters to fit into a microscopic cell nucleus, but it makes significant surfaces of the DNA inaccessible for the repair enzymes -- the proteins that manage the "repair" of damaged DNA regions. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It is known that for the synthesis of a protein, information written in the genetic code, which could be imagined as the manual for its assembly where triples of nucleotides match certain amino acids, should be taken out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the cell. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Thin and long strand of the DNA is packed in the nucleus and can tear at the exit to the outside. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Cancers occur when genetic mutations build up in critical genes, specifically those that control cell growth and division (proliferation) or the repair of damaged DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The EGFR and KRAS genes each provide instructions for making a protein that is embedded within the cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Once bound to this specific DNA sequence, the protein can activate the right genes to repair damaged cells, the researchers report. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • It's a known fact that genes are activated when a protein binds to a specific sequence on our DNA. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • When a cell is damaged -- because of UV or radioactivity, for instance -- TP53 switches on the right genes to repair the cell. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The goal of this study was to describe the regulation of expression of these genes and proteins along with their relationship to telomere length in an animal model comparing different diets and a simulated occupational exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The genetic study showed promising results in "silencing" the genes that translate into tau protein, the primary component behind dementia. (medicaldaily.com)
  • The NADH binding site, FMN and eight FeS clusters are located in the promontory part, whereas the seven membrane-spanning proteins are all encoded by mitochondrial DNA in eukaryotes, in fact the Complex I encoding genes make up half of the mtDNA in mammals. (lu.se)
  • In this study we investigate the feasibility of applying the compatible solute, osmolyte and radiation protector Ectoine (THP(B)), as a scavenger molecule during SAXS measurements of the single-stranded DNA-binding protein Gene-V Protein (G5P/GVP). (rsc.org)
  • Double- and single-stranded telomere DNA-binding proteins Trf1/Trf2 and Pot1, as well as telomeric DNA damage foci LambdaH2AX and 53BP1, were influenced at 12 wk and 24 wk by both diet and exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Single-stranded binding protein Pot1, initially up-regulated at 12 wk in the WF+REG group, was later down-regulated in liver tissue at 24 wk along with the WF+HF group. (cdc.gov)
  • In conclusion, our data suggest that disruption/down-regulation of single-stranded Pot1 and double-stranded Trf1/Trf2 expression in liver might act as an anti-apoptotic mechanism in the DNA-damage response leading to multistep liver injury by involvement in the telomere response to diet changes and WF exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • A group of researchers, lead by Vasily M. Studitsky, studied the mechanism of detection of single-stranded DNA breaks at which the connection is lost between nucleotides on one strand in the places where the DNA is associated with histones. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Therefore, when it is necessary to synthesize specific protein, small region of DNA is unwound, the two strands are disconnected, and the information on the protein structure with one of the DNA strands is written in form of RNA, single-stranded molecule. (sciencedaily.com)
  • During the experiment, special sites, where single-stranded breaks can be introduced by adding specific enzymes in a test tube, were inserted into the DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Photoinduced charge transfer processes have been implicated in a variety of oxidative processes which ultimately lead to mutations, compromising the biological function of DNA. (rsc.org)
  • TP53 gene mutations result in the production of an altered p53 protein that cannot bind to DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, if the ERV DNA suffers severe mutations, it can become disabled, remaining in the genome as nonfunctional, "junk" DNA. (reasons.org)
  • Due to the inherent nature of this plasmid, standard methods to replicate additional amounts of DNA in E. coli are highly likely to result in mutations and/or rearrangements. (origene.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • In conjunction with RNA sequencing data, the researchers used MIRA to identify mutations in binding sites that altered RNA expression and splicing. (aacr.org)
  • The damage of the DNA, if not repaired, leads to accumulation of mutations, cell death, and to the development of various diseases, including neurodegenerative, e.g. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Drugs, aging, genetic mutations, and disorders can increase (upregulate) or decrease (downregulate) the number and binding affinity of receptors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In sharp contrast, however, information on electronic processes in biomolecules such as isolated proteins and DNA (and their complexes) is still in its infancy. (rsc.org)
  • Static and kinetic site-specific protein-DNA photocrosslinking has major implications for transcription in general, for the topology determinants specifically for RNA polymerase II transcription, and the mechanistic determinants of contacts involved in nucleoprotein complexes. (rsc.org)
  • Identification and isolation of damage-recognition protein complexes from zebrafish(Danio rerio) early embryos. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Unlike the embryonic extract, the extracts of 84-h-old larvae produced only low-shifting binding complexes when incubated with a CPD-specific probe. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • In higher organisms DNA is bound with proteins in complexes called the nucleosome. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Scientists have identified a unique protein in tardigrades that could protect humans against DNA damage. (ibtimes.co.uk)
  • With an ability to trick death worthy of the best sci-fi stories, scientists believe that the miniature aquatic creatures could provide clues to protect humans against DNA damage. (ibtimes.co.uk)
  • Most metabolites of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), especially exo-AFB 1 -8,9-epoxide (AFBO), can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to vary degrees, causing oxidative stress and liver damage, and ultimately induce liver cancer in humans and animals. (hindawi.com)
  • Failure in removing and restoring damaged parts of DNA in a timely fashion can have detrimental outcomes and lead to skin cancers in humans, Min said in the study. (baylor.edu)
  • This complex is composed of two protein subunits, a large subunit DDB1 (p127) and a small subunit DDB2 (p48). (wikipedia.org)
  • The helical domain at the n-terminus of DDB2 binds to UV damaged DNA with high affinity to form the UV-DDB complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • The helical binding interaction at the n-terminus of DDB2 allows for the protein to bind immediately after detecting UV damaged DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA binds to DDB2 only when damaged by UV radiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Binding with high affinity to a helical domain of DDB2 in the dimer form, UV-DDB, is facilitated by the n-terminal alpha helical paddle and beta wings of the DDB2 subunit. (wikipedia.org)
  • DDB2 is a protein part of the CUL4A-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL4) complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was thought that DDB2 only acts to recognize legions of UV damaged DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The researchers found that when DDB1 and DDB2 were working together at the damage site, they usually arrived at the DNA together and departed together, as expected. (genengnews.com)
  • In addition to DDB1 and DDB2, Van Houten's team used the C-trap and SMADNE to investigate the activities of DNA repair proteins from several different repair pathways to better understand these repair systems. (genengnews.com)
  • Previously we have shown that DDB2, a protein involved in the Global Genome Repair, interacts directly with PCNA and, in human cells, the loss of this interaction affects DNA repair machinery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, a mutant form unable to interact with PCNA (DDB2 PCNA- ), has shown a reduced ability to interact with a UV-damaged DNA plasmid in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this work, we have investigated whether DDB2 protein may influence the repair of a UV-damaged DNA plasmid into the cellular environment by applying the HCR method. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, the co-localization between DDB2 proteins and different NER factors recruited at DNA damaged sites was analysed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results have shown that DDB2 Wt recognize and repair the UV-induced lesions in plasmidic DNA transfected in the cells, whereas a delay in these processes were observed in the presence of DDB2 PCNA- , as also confirmed by the different extent of co-localization of DDB2 Wt and some NER proteins (such as XPG), vs the DDB2 mutant form. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Loss of interaction of DDB2 and PCNA affects negatively DNA repair efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have previously demonstrated that the interaction between DDB2 and PCNA is important to remove DNA lesions by NER. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To clarify this issue, we decided to apply a transfection-based assay, named Host Cell Reactivation (HCR), to investigate DNA lesions removal efficacy in the presence of DDB2 Wt protein or DDB2 mutated one. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HIV-1 Vpr function is mediated by interaction with the damage-specific DNA-binding protein DDB1. (boku.ac.at)
  • The dimerized complex acts as a scaffold for DNA damage repair pathways and allows for other proteins to detect, interact, and repair UV damaged DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • When these proteins are turned on (activated) by binding to other molecules, signaling pathways are triggered within cells that promote cell proliferation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our analysis revealed a loss of gene pathways that promote stress damage, expansion of gene families related to ameliorating damage, and evolution and high expression of novel tardigrade-unique proteins", the scientists say. (ibtimes.co.uk)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • These data identify a physiological model with which to identify signaling pathways that mediate cross-talk between p63alphaDeltaN and activating p53 kinase pathways after DNA damage in basal cell populations. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we sought to determine how R3052W alters the cellular functions of BRCA2 in the DNA damage response. (frontiersin.org)
  • 18) Based on the epidemiologic associations, and biochemical effects at the cellular-DNA level, NutraSweet and aspartame should be carefully studied as a potential environmental cause of well over one million cases of cancer. (aspartaam.nl)
  • The HCR confirms itself as a very helpful approach to assess in the cellular context the effect of expressing mutant vs Wt NER proteins on the DNA damage response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • First discovered as a splicing factor, it has since been revealed that SFPQ is involved in a large range of cellular mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair, and paraspeckle formation. (hud.ac.uk)
  • This vigorous cellular replication comes with a price: When DNA is copied at a rapid pace to produce large numbers of cells, it is at risk of accruing damage, including the sorts of chromosome breaks and rearrangements that may trigger the development of lymphomas. (pewtrusts.org)
  • Ultraviolet light from the sun is a ubiquitous carcinogen that can inflict structural damage to the cellular DNA. (baylor.edu)
  • The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) regulates the expression levels of cellular proteins by ubiquitination of protein substrates followed by their degradation via the proteasome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the one hand, the UPS acts as a host defense mechanism to selectively recognize HBV proteins as well as special cellular proteins that favor the viral life cycle and induces their ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation to limit HBV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, in the infected hepatocytes, certain cellular proteins that are dependent on the UPS are involved in abnormal biological processes which are mediated by HBV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since the HBV is a small DNA virus, and there is only limited genetic information in the viral genome, the virus heavily relies on cellular factors for viral replication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activated receptors directly or indirectly regulate cellular biochemical processes (eg, ion conductance, protein phosphorylation, DNA transcription, enzymatic activity). (msdmanuals.com)
  • selectivity relates largely to physicochemical binding of the drug to cellular receptors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This results in an acceleration of the overall repair process of oxidized purines to yield an APE1-cleaved abasic site, which can be used as a substrate by DNA polymerase beta. (nih.gov)
  • While GG-NER employs UV-DDB heterodimer and XPC complex to initiate the DNA repair process, TC-NER utilizes elongating RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and Cockayne syndrome B (CSB) proteins as damage sensors [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the transcription of information (its rewriting into RNA) the RNA polymerase enzyme "rides" on the DNA chain, and stops when it finds the break. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Like a proofreader of a text, RNA polymerase after it is stalled, triggers a cascade of reactions, resulting in the repair enzymes fixing the damaged area. (sciencedaily.com)
  • At the same time, the RNA polymerase cannot detect discontinuities present in the other DNA strand. (sciencedaily.com)
  • According to our hypothesis, it occurs due to the formation of special small DNA loops in the nucleosome, although normally DNA wounds around the histone "spool" very tightly," -- says Vasily M. Studitsky, -- "The loops form when the DNA is coiled back on nucleosome together with polymerase. (sciencedaily.com)
  • RNA polymerase can "crawl" along the DNA loops nearly as well as on histone-free DNA regions, but when it stops near locations of the DNA breaks, it "panics," triggering the cascade of reactions to start DNA "repairs. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This complex formation is highly favorable and it is demonstrated by UV-DDB's binding preference and high affinity to the UV lesions in the DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • During DNA damage, proteins OGG1 and APE 1 encounter difficulty in repairing the lesions in a DNA wrapped nucleosome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Van Houten's lab is interested in repair proteins that mend DNA lesions caused by environmental factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and environmental pollutants. (genengnews.com)
  • This assay was carried out to assess the ability in removing UV-lesions from DNA, thus verifying NER efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protein is known to act as an important sensor in the Global Genome Nucleotide Excision Repair (GG-NER) by recognizing sites of UV-induced DNA lesions [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mutagenic effect of UV is efficiently neutralized by DNA repair processes involving not only GG-NER but also the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), a sub-pathway that preferentially removes DNA lesions generated in highly transcribed DNA regions [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The DNA molecule is chemically unstable giving rise to DNA lesions of different nature. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This established the principle of UV footprinting for non-intrusive study of protein-DNA contacts in living cells, albeit at limited scale and precision. (scilifelab.se)
  • XRCC1 participates in DNA single strand break and base excision repair (BER) to preserve genetic stability in mammalian cells. (nih.gov)
  • The actin-binding protein Girdin is a hub protein that interacts with multiple proteins to regulate motility and Akt and trimeric G protein signaling in cancer cells. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • When transcriptional activation of endogenous Girdin was mediated by an engineered CRISPR/Cas9 activation system, sensitivity to DNA damage increased in both stationary and migrating HeLa cancer cells. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • This session will discuss recent progress in the photoinduced processes related to proteins that are responsible for vision that include i) rhodopsin in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate ii) retina, phytochrome in plants, and bacteriorhodopsin and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria. (rsc.org)
  • DNA-protein crosslinking in human white blood cells is as high as 0.5-4.5 per 107 bases and is found to increase as a function of age. (rsc.org)
  • DNA-binding proteins (DNA-BPs) and RNA-binding proteins (RNA-BPs) have critical roles in living cells in all kingdoms of life. (nature.com)
  • Proteins of interest (POI) are tagged with a GFP and transiently expressed in plant cells to serve as donor fluorophore. (nature.com)
  • The altered protein cannot regulate cell proliferation effectively and allows DNA damage to accumulate in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These clumping proteins are called Lewy Bodies that can be found in an area of the brain stem where dopamine cells die. (parkinson.org)
  • However, DNA damage is also a normal result of cells undergoing constant wear-and-tear. (parkinson.org)
  • In fact, DNA damage happens in human cells thousands of times per day. (parkinson.org)
  • Fortunately, cells repair damaged DNA on their own. (parkinson.org)
  • To cause DNA breaks, they exposed the cells to a chemotherapy drug, called bleomycin. (parkinson.org)
  • They also found that the healthy human cells repaired DSBs more rapidly compared to the knock-out cells, again supporting the role of alpha-synuclein in aiding DNA repair. (parkinson.org)
  • In both human cells in a dish (in vitro) and living mouse brains (in vivo) alpha-synuclein was present in the exact same location as the DNA repair proteins, suggesting alpha-synuclein binds directly to DSBs, and helps repair those breaks. (parkinson.org)
  • In both healthy human cells and living mouse brains, the laser-induced DSBs, triggered alpha-synuclein to move to the site of DNA damage. (parkinson.org)
  • In diseased human cells and mice carrying the abnormal form of alpha-synuclein, the laser-induced DSBs, impaired alpha-synuclein from moving to the site of DNA damage. (parkinson.org)
  • Giving healthy human alpha-synuclein to the alpha-synuclein knock-out mice, restored the mice cells' DNA damage response to normal levels. (parkinson.org)
  • Among them, one gene codes for a protein that appears to bind to DNA in human cultured cells and to protect it from external stressors. (ibtimes.co.uk)
  • In a second part to the study, one of these unique proteins was tested in human cultured cells. (ibtimes.co.uk)
  • The researchers found out that it had the potential to protect DNA in the cells from damage caused by radiation. (ibtimes.co.uk)
  • Combining an optical tweezer technology called C-trap that manipulates a single molecule of DNA and a novel approach, researchers were able to receive a detailed view into how cells find and repair damaged DNA. (genengnews.com)
  • Overexpression of R3052W in DLD1 parental BRCA2 wild-type cells confers sensitivity to MMC DNA damage. (frontiersin.org)
  • All cells in our body have the same DNA, yet they're all very different. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Given that p63alphaDeltaN is required for p53 activation after DNA damage, we examined and found a high proportion of cells co-express p63alphaDeltaN and CK2-phosphorylated p53 after UV-irradiation. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • 3) It is then metabolized to formaldehyde which enters the cells and binds to the proteins and DNA (the genetic material). (aspartaam.nl)
  • 3 μ g/(kg·BW) of AFB 1 can cause significant damage to the DNA of duckling liver cells (Wang et al. (hindawi.com)
  • The Host Cell Reactivation assay (HCR) allows studying the DNA repair capability in different types of human cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This method allows studying the DNA repair capability in different types of human cells [ 11 ] and may be employed as a marker for genetic instability and cancer risk [ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At 12 and 24 wk, the effect on shelterin proteins and telomere length was examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and homogenized liver tissue. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we report that the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) protein Ku becomes critical for survival of replication stress in brc1∆ cells. (thebiogrid.org)
  • For example, they can make cells less susceptible to becoming cancerous and stop damage from being done to the brain, heart and other major organs. (draxe.com)
  • I will also assess whether a protein known to recognize and bind to spots of DNA damage can protect dividing B cells from genomic rearrangements at these sites-work that could point toward novel therapies for cancers that develop in the cells of the immune system. (pewtrusts.org)
  • As in the DNA tightrope experiment, UV-DDB rushed to the scene, and when it wasn't available, cells were more sensitive to oxidative stress. (cmu.edu)
  • A team led by a Baylor researcher published a breakthrough article that provides better understanding of the dynamic process by which sunlight-induced DNA damage is recognized by the molecular repair machinery in cells as needing repair. (baylor.edu)
  • Min and her team showed how the repair protein Rad4/XPC would bind to one such UV-induced DNA damage - 6-4 photoproduct - to mark the damaged site along the DNA in preparation for the rest of the nucleotide excision repair in process cells. (baylor.edu)
  • Then, mature viral particles containing HBV DNA are enveloped and released from host cells [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mitochondrial quality control prevents accumulation of intramitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (mtROS), thereby protecting cells against DNA damage, genome instability, and programmed cell death. (lu.se)
  • Members of this family include the signal-transducing G protein beta subunit, as well as other proteins that regulate signal transduction, transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, cytoskeletal organization, and vesicular fusion. (embl.de)
  • This protein can also down-regulate p53 function and thus modulate cell growth and apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Surprisingly, despite anticipated defects in DNA binding or RAD51-mediated DNA strand exchange, the BRCA2 R3052W protein mislocalizes to the cytoplasm precluding its ability to perform any DNA repair functions. (frontiersin.org)
  • After translation of viral RNAs into HBV proteins occurs in the host cytoplasm, viral pgRNA is encapsulated into core particles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The classical Complex I enzyme is composed of seven membrane-spanning protein subunits and seven protein subunits protruding into the cytoplasm (in bacteria) or into the mitochondrial matrix (in eukaryotes). (lu.se)
  • The ataxia telangiectasia Rad3-related (ATR) protein responds to UV damage, whereas the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein responds to double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by ionizing radiation and radiomimetic compounds. (medscape.com)
  • In an attempt to improve the reliability of such experiments, the reduction of radiation damage occurring from exposure to X-rays is required. (rsc.org)
  • In this case, we monitor the radiation induced changes of G5P during bio-SAXS measurments and the resulting microscopic energy-damage relation was determined from microdosimetric calculations by Monte-Carlo based particle scattering simulations with TOPAS / Geant4 and a custom target-model. (rsc.org)
  • This indicates that Ectoine increases the possible exposure time before radiation-damage to G5P is observed. (rsc.org)
  • These results are interpreted in terms of indirect radiation damage by reactive secondary species, as well as post-irradiation effects, related to preferential-exclusion of the cosolute from the protein surface. (rsc.org)
  • Since we are exposed to radiation and various environmental elements such as UV light, we need phytonutrients fight free radical damage . (draxe.com)
  • A recombinant fusion protein containing a sequence corresponding to amino acids 2800-3050 of human BRCA2. (thermofisher.com)
  • This interaction leads to a 2- to 3-fold stimulation of the DNA glycosylase activity of hOGG1. (nih.gov)
  • To illustrate our approach, we provide experimental procedures to detect the interaction between plant DNA and two proteins (the AeCRN13 effector from the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches and the AtWRKY22 defensive transcription factor from Arabidopsis ). (nature.com)
  • To complete the baseline of our interaction database, we integrated ChIP-seq datasets in order to tease out transcripts regulated by SFPQ at the DNA level, and the extent at which SFPQ is involved in transcriptional regulation. (hud.ac.uk)
  • Breast Cancer Type 2 susceptibility protein (BRCA2) is a tumor-suppressor protein reported to be involved in double-strand break repair, homologous recombination and S-phase checkpoint activation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Tumor protein TP53 knows exactly where to bind to our DNA to prevent cancer, geneticists have demonstrated. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The activity of the tumor suppressor protein p53 is controlled by a balance between E3-ligase mediated p53 protein degradation and protein kinase-mediated assembly of p53:p300 transcription machinery. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • UV-induced ubiquitylation of XPC complex, the UV-DDB-ubiquitin ligase complex, and DNA repair. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • However, the recent discovery of the association of UV-DDB with a cullin-based ubiquitin ligase has functionally linked the two damage recognition factors and shed light on novel mechanistic and regulatory aspects of global genomic NER. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Here, we report that XRCC1 interacts physically and functionally with hOGG1, the human DNA glycosylase that initiates the repair by BER of the mutagenic oxidized base 8-oxoguanine. (nih.gov)
  • Figure 8: GFP lifetime distribution of GFP:AeCRN13 and GFP:AeCRN13 AAA fusion proteins in plant nuclei. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, in the lab we working with molecular biological approaches such as making mutants and fusion proteins but also purely biochemical/biophysical projects, purifying proteins for reconstitution into liposomes, where the ion translocation activities can be measured by Na+ NMR using a shift reagent or by a pH sensitive, membrane-impermeable dye denoted Glu3. (lu.se)
  • The BRCA2 R3052W mutated protein exacerbates genome instability, is unable to rescue homology-directed repair, and fails to complement cell survival following exposure to PARP inhibitors and crosslinking drugs. (frontiersin.org)
  • DNA replication errors are a major source of genome instability in all organisms. (thebiogrid.org)
  • It can also exert its influence by arresting the cell cycle when the cell transitions between the G1 (cell growth) and S (DNA synthesis, readying the cell for replication) phases. (reasons.org)
  • KIN17, which is known as a DNA and RNA binding protein, is highly expressed in numerous types of human cancers and was discovered to participate in several vital cell behaviors, including DNA replication, damage repair, regulation of cell cycle and RNA processing. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Previous studies have indicated that KIN17 is involved in global genome repair, DNA replication, transcription and regulation of the cell cycle as part of a multi-protein complex. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • pgRNA translates viral HBc and Pol proteins, and also acts as a template for the replication of the HBV genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the DNA damage response protein Brc1 binds phospho-histone H2A (γH2A)-marked chromatin during S-phase, but how Brc1 protects genome integrity remains unclear. (thebiogrid.org)
  • The receptor of SARS-CoV-2, i.e., angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is conserved in pangolins ( 18 ) and coronaviruses isolated from pangolins have a receptor binding domain in their spike protein that is uniquely similar to that of SARS-CoV-2 ( 10 , 19 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Overview of Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics (sometimes described as what a drug does to the body) is the study of the biochemical, physiologic, and molecular effects of drugs on the body and involves receptor binding. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Ability to bind to a receptor is influenced by external factors as well as by intracellular regulatory mechanisms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER) system is our major defense against carcinogenesis. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • This article summarizes our current knowledge of the properties of the XPC complex and UV-DDB and discusses possible roles for ubiquitylation in the molecular mechanisms that underlie the efficient recognition and repair of DNA damage, particularly that induced by ultraviolet light irradiation, in preventing damage-induced mutagenesis as well as carcinogenesis. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • New insight into p53 function shows that, in addition to guarding the genome (and playing other heroic roles), this protein also helps defend the RTB genomics creation model from one of its most serious threats-the widespread presence of endogenous retroviral (ERV) sequences in genomes. (reasons.org)
  • This insertion event can damage the genome by disrupting DNA sequences that encode proteins or DNA sequences that play a regulatory role. (reasons.org)
  • Life scientists have observed that 30% of p53 binding occurs at ERV sequences. (reasons.org)
  • The specificity of the proteins is determined by the sequences outside the repeats themselves. (embl.de)
  • We used next-generation sequencing to test the capacity of DNA sequences to act as switches for more than 1500 DNA sequences at the same time," explains Professor Stein Aerts. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Various experimental approaches exist for the study of nucleic acid-protein interactions in vitro and in vivo , but the detection of such interactions at the subcellular level remains challenging. (nature.com)
  • However, the only studied example of a WD-repeat protein, G beta, synthesized in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate, is unable to fold into a native structure without its partner protein G gamma. (embl.de)
  • It is not known whether all WD-repeat proteins are unable to fold when synthesized in an in vitro system. (embl.de)
  • We have shown, not yet in the cell, but in vitro, that the repair of breaks in the other DNA chain, which is "hidden" in the nucleosome, is still possible. (sciencedaily.com)
  • 2019), wondered if healthy alpha-synuclein help repair DNA damage caused by double-strand breaks (DSBs). (parkinson.org)
  • Next, researchers used a strong laser, which they knew would damage the DNA and cause DSBs, to see if healthy alpha-synuclein are recruited there to help seal the breaks. (parkinson.org)
  • A study published in Nature, "Alpha-synuclein is a DNA binding protein that modulates DNA repair with implications for Lewy body disorders" (Schaser et al. (parkinson.org)
  • The mRNA molecule, which serves as the template for making a protein, is synthesized by the principle of complementarity: each nucleotide pair corresponds to another one. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the chromodomain/helicase/DNA-binding domain family of chromatin remodeling enzymes. (nih.gov)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • Scientists have thus far been assuming that one protein could never locate the exact DNA sequence to activate a specific gene all by itself -- at least not in human beings. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • For initiation of the repair reaction at the genome-wide level, a complex containing one of the gene products involved in XP, the XPC protein, must bind to the damaged DNA site. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • We chose proteins that include amino and carboxyl extensions as well as proteins that are made up entirely of WD-repeats. (embl.de)
  • During protein synthesis within the ribosome, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) move sequentially through different sites as their attached amino acids are transferred onto the growing protein chain. (nature.com)
  • Thus, description and detection of DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) by novel experimental, and explanation by theoretical, methods are timely topics for discussion. (rsc.org)
  • DNA-Protein Crosslinks: A Biomarker of Exposure to Formaldehyde. (aspartaam.nl)
  • In the new study, the researchers used the C-trap to investigate how different DNA repair proteins identify and bind to their respective forms of damage. (genengnews.com)
  • In collaboration with University of Kent researchers, the Van Houten group developed a new method called Single Molecule Analysis of DNA-binding proteins from Nuclear Extracts, or SMADNE. (genengnews.com)
  • Researchers have found that smoking causes chromosomal damage and speeds up aging. (medicaldaily.com)
  • A group of researchers has discovered a new mechanism of DNA repair, which opens up new perspectives for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A group of researchers, lead by Vasily M. Studitsky, professor at the Lomonosov Moscow State University, discovered a new mechanism of DNA repair, which opens up new perspectives for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Identification of one 50.2 and one 29-kDa UV-damage-DNA binding factor in 12-hr-old zebrafish extracts by EMSA linked to SDS-PAGE and determined by MALDI TOF analysis, indicated that the 29-kDa and 50.2-kDa polypeptides are high homologous to zebrafish fast skeletal muscle troponin T and vitellogenin. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • The family of WD-repeat proteins comprises over 30 different proteins that share a highly conserved repeating motif [Neer, E. J., Schmidt, C. J., Nambudripad, R., & Smith, T. F. (1994) Nature 371, 297-300]. (embl.de)
  • More importantly, the results unveil a highly coordinated mechanism by which XRCC1, through its multiple protein-protein interactions, extends its orchestrating role from the base excision step to the resealing of the repaired DNA strand. (nih.gov)
  • Interpretation of the mechanism and dynamics of photoexcited state processes is of paramount importance to understanding DNA oxidative damage. (rsc.org)
  • The mechanism and dynamics of photoinduced DNA and protein damage is critically important to our understanding of diseases associated with ultraviolet irradiation as well as to the development of photosensitized therapies. (rsc.org)
  • The mechanism of action of DNA photolyases. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • It also has the ability to find damage buried in chromosomes and help DNA repair molecules go places they otherwise couldn't, the way a helicopter can navigate really hilly areas. (cmu.edu)
  • However, HPPH alternatively may be bioactivated by peroxidases, such as prostaglandin H synthase, to a reactive intermediate that initiates DNA oxidation (reflected by 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine), genotoxicity (reflected by micronuclei) and embryopathy. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Therefore, OriGene does not guarantee the capability to replicate this plasmid DNA. (origene.com)
  • Positive damage modulation at some ETS transcription factor binding sites coincided at base level with melanoma somatic mutation hotspots. (scilifelab.se)
  • Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. (cancerindex.org)
  • It may participate in the regulation of transcription through its binding with the zinc-finger transcription factor YY1. (cancerindex.org)
  • 4) Cytogenetic effects (changes in DNA) have been shown to result from formaldehyde exposure (5) and DNA damage occurs from formaldehyde. (aspartaam.nl)
  • CHD chromatin remodelling enzymes and the DNA damage response. (nih.gov)
  • Lastly, they tried adding healthy human alpha-synuclein back into the mice without alpha-synuclein to see if it might restore the normal DNA damage response. (parkinson.org)
  • That is why DNA damage detection, signaling and repair, collectively known as the DNA damage response, are needed. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Here, we show that Cryptococcus neoformans heat shock factor 3 (CnHsf3) exhibits an atypical function in regulating mtROS independent of the unfolded protein response. (lu.se)
  • this response is mediated by oxidation of the cysteine residue on its DNA binding domain, which enhances DNA binding. (lu.se)
  • Our results reveal a function of HSF proteins in regulating mtROS homeostasis that is independent of the unfolded protein response. (lu.se)
  • In the present study, we found that Girdin is involved in DNA damage-induced cancer cell apoptosis. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • An esophageal cancer cell line that exhibited high Girdin expression showed a marked sensitivity to UV-mediated DNA damage compared to a line with low Girdin expression. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • When DNA becomes damaged, p53 helps determine whether the DNA will be repaired or the cell will self-destruct ( undergo apoptosis ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • By holding the cell at this stage in the cell cycle, p53 gives the DNA repair proteins enough time to clean up the damaged DNA before DNA synthesis takes place. (reasons.org)
  • If the DNA damage is too severe for repair, p53 can also initiate apoptosis (programmed cell death). (reasons.org)
  • WD-repeat proteins are a large family found in all eukaryotes and are implicated in a variety of functions ranging from signal transduction and transcription regulation to cell cycle control and apoptosis. (embl.de)
  • The DNA damage-recognition problem in human and other eukaryotic cell: the XPA damage binding protein. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • You have an area of DNA damage, and you want to know how a cell can identify and fix it," Schaich explained. (genengnews.com)
  • The latter affects DNA causing cell toxicity and chromosome abnormalities which precipitate cancers in susceptible people. (aspartaam.nl)
  • Telomeric DNA and shelterin proteins prevent loss of essential genetic information during cell division. (cdc.gov)
  • We next identified RNA physical interactors of SFPQ through integration RIP-seq data targeting SFPQ across multiple cell lines, as well as revealing the binding locations of target of SFPQ upon target transcripts through analysis of eCLIP and PAR-CLIP datasets. (hud.ac.uk)
  • These free radicals can then bind and damage proteins, cell membranes and DNA of the plant. (draxe.com)
  • In the time it takes you to read this sentence, every cell in your body suffers some form of DNA damage. (cmu.edu)
  • CHD6 is a DNA-dependent ATPase and localizes at nuclear sites of mRNA synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • If WD proteins form structures similar to G beta, their hydrodynamic properties should be those of compact, globular proteins, and they should be resistant to cleavage by trypsin. (embl.de)
  • Our working definition of folding was that the proteins from globular, trypsin-resistant structures because, except for G beta gamma, their functions are not known or cannot be assayed in reticulocyte lysates. (embl.de)
  • UV-binding factors found in 12-h-old zebrafish embryos may be involved in processing developmental stage-specific DNA structures similar to UV-damage DNA. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy has enabled the structures of large proteins to be elucidated. (nature.com)
  • The structures of AMPA receptors in complex with auxiliary proteins are resolved by cryo-electron microscopy, and reveal conformational and permeation pathway changes that are associated with activation and desensitization of ionotropic glutamate receptors. (nature.com)
  • UV-DDB is not only responsible for the repair of damaged DNA, it can also function by acting as a damage sensor. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to a study published today in Nature Structural and Molecular Biology , a protein called UV-DDB - which stands for ultraviolet-damaged DNA-binding - is useful beyond safeguarding against the sun. (cmu.edu)
  • This new evidence points to UV-DDB being a scout for general DNA damage and an overseer of the molecular repair crew that fixes it. (cmu.edu)
  • For the first time, Van Houten's team witnessed this molecular tango along a "tightrope" of DNA slung between two silica beads, using real-time, single-molecule imaging. (cmu.edu)
  • In 1994, through application of broad range molecular amplification and DNA sequencing, the causative agent was recognized as distinct from E . chaffeensis . (cdc.gov)
  • DNA damage-binding protein or UV-DDB is a protein complex that is responsible for repair of UV-damaged DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • When UV-DDB is recruited to these damaged sites, it recognizes the OGG1- AP DNA complex and further accelerates the turnover of glycosylases. (wikipedia.org)
  • But how does this protein find its way in our extraordinarily complex DNA? (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The new techniques that were developed for this study will now be used to unravel more complex codes and to map more DNA switches. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The distortion of the double helix caused by the CPDs is smaller than that of 6-4PPs, and their recognition is performed by the synchronized work of UV-DDB complex and XPC protein [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The UV-damaged DNA-binding protein (UV-DDB), which is impaired in XP group E patients, has also been implicated in damage recognition in global genomic NER, but its precise functions and its relationship to the XPC complex have not been elucidated. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • This results in that Complex I is both a victim of free radical damage and a main culprit in generating such radicals. (lu.se)
  • Their findings are described in an article titled, " Single-molecule analysis of DNA-binding proteins from nuclear extracts (SMADNE) ," published in Nucleic Acids Research . (genengnews.com)
  • Moreover, it cannot be sacrificed as the cell's nuclear DNA is is only present in two copies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The disorders are characterized by a defect in DNA repair mechanisms or genomic stability, and patients with these disorders show increased predisposition to cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Our work provides proof of concept for the study of protein-DNA interactions at individual loci using light and sequencing, and reveals widespread and potent modulation of UV damage in regulatory regions. (scilifelab.se)
  • Here we describe how to detect nucleic acid-protein interactions in plant leaves by using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach coupled to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). (nature.com)