• Chromosomes are made of a material called chromatin, which is dispersed throughout the cell nucleus during interphase. (visionlearning.com)
  • In Cell Division I: The Cell Cycle , we learned that Flemming observed how chromosomes became visible in patterns that repeated each time the cells of fire salamanders divided. (visionlearning.com)
  • In vascular plants, the principal generation phase is the large, dominant, nutritionally-independent sporophyte , which is diploid with two sets of chromosomes per cell . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • In non-vascular plants, the principal generation phase is often the gametophyte , which is haploid with one set of chromosomes per cell. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The normal state of a cell in which all chromosomes, except the sex-specific chromosomes, are in pairs (one from each parent) which are structurally similar. (emfacts.com)
  • This is the normal type of cell division that results in two daughter cells, each of which will have the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus. (emfacts.com)
  • Our results unveil a novel player in the complex regulation of OPC biology, on the one hand showing that JNK1 ablation cell-autonomously determines alterations of OPC proliferation and branching architecture and, on the other hand, suggesting that JNK1 signaling in OLs participates in myelination in vivo. (nature.com)
  • In Biology this is the type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell. (emfacts.com)
  • Biology research dna nucleus cells vector pattern. (bajeczneobrazy.pl)
  • what would remain within a cell membrane, if you removed the a) nucleus, which contains the DNA and chromasomes and b) the mitochondrial DNA. (emfacts.com)
  • The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell splits into two identical daughter nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)
  • After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
  • What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
  • Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
  • This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
  • To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
  • 3d rendering of Human cell or Embryonic stem cell microscope background. (bajeczneobrazy.pl)
  • Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
  • It is a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes (ie a sperm and an egg yolk). (emfacts.com)
  • Transparent cell stem background template. (bajeczneobrazy.pl)
  • Stem cell research. (bajeczneobrazy.pl)
  • These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
  • For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
  • The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Unfortunately, the dyes killed the cells, and since the structures under the microscope were difficult to see as it was, Flemming's forerunners weren't sure they were seeing anything characteristic of a live, functional cell. (visionlearning.com)
  • Cells under a microscope. (bajeczneobrazy.pl)
  • But what all these life forms have in common is that their genetic code is copied from cell to cell thanks to the process of mitosis, whereby the nucleus of a cell splits into two before the cell divides. (visionlearning.com)
  • This killed the cells, just as the earlier dyes had killed the cells of other laboratory animals. (visionlearning.com)
  • is the term applied to laboratory techniques using cell-cultures (tissue culture), as distinct from those using human subjects or live animals for testing possible harmful products. (emfacts.com)
  • All other macro- and micronuclei then dissipate, leaving a single nucleus in both cells. (fsu.edu)
  • This must provide all the nutrients and essential chemicals the cell needs to duplicate. (emfacts.com)
  • The evolution of this vascular tissue allowed for an early dominance of these plants on land (first appearing 430 million years ago, during the Silurian period), giving them the ability to transport water and dissolved minerals through specialized strands of elongated cells that run from the plant root to the tips of the leaves . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Also, the term "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoma" was changed to "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder" because of its indolent clinical behavior and uncertain malignant potential. (medscape.com)
  • This development is often immediately followed by the creation of new cells via fission. (fsu.edu)
  • Early vascular plants only developed by primary growth , in which the plants grew through cell division of the plant body. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Among the changes to CTCL classification were the addition of primary cutaneous acral CD8 + T-cell lymphoma as a new provisional entity. (medscape.com)
  • Colorful infographic with pie charts or circle slices division, showing proportional data segments in circular graphic. (bajeczneobrazy.pl)
  • Scientists in the preceding years had already been seeing faint structures in cells , but their dyes were not good enough to reveal what any of these structures did. (visionlearning.com)
  • Throughout the 19th century, as microscopes developed, scientists had been seeing clues of structures in dividing cells of eukaryotes . (visionlearning.com)
  • Other characteristic structures found in paramecia include water-regulating contractile vacuoles, two different types of nuclei, and filamentous trichocysts, which may be involved in defense or extended for anchoring purposes during feeding. (fsu.edu)
  • Gene-like structures on the end of chromasomes which determine how many times they can divide. (emfacts.com)
  • Typically the nucleus contains only small groups of chromosome fragments. (emfacts.com)
  • The process by which the body regulates the erratic growth of cells by insructing certain cells to die. (emfacts.com)
  • These cells might be taken specifically from a body, or they may be from a known cell-line or cell-strain which has been specially cultivated over time and has known characteristics. (emfacts.com)
  • Anatomical planes or sections for human medical body division outline diagram. (bajeczneobrazy.pl)
  • Generally the cells will be placed in a petri-dish on a substrata of a gell-like substance known as the culture medium which has been infused with a growth medium to provide nutrients. (emfacts.com)
  • At some stage the test substance or event (magnetic, electrical, radio etc) will be applied to some of the 'colonies of cells' in the culture, while not to others. (emfacts.com)
  • Knowing what he wanted to find, Flemming set out to do a better job of staining the internal details of cells . (visionlearning.com)
  • When things go wrong in cell division, it is not uncommon to find cells with more than one nucleus. (emfacts.com)
  • Related articles include Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma and Cutaneous Pseudolymphoma . (medscape.com)
  • Secondary growth developed early (the Devonian period, 380 million years ago) in the evolution of vascular plants, which allowed for cell division to take place in the active regions of the plant's periphery. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Early patch-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (medscape.com)
  • This assures the achievement of a "grid-like" homogenous cell distribution, where individual OPCs occupy non-overlapping domains. (nature.com)
  • All cell lines ultimately lose the power of division and growth. (emfacts.com)
  • Some cells replicate faster and others slower, and the entire process can be interrupted. (visionlearning.com)
  • A patient transplanted with these cells would not suffer the problems associated with rejection. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (see the image below) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of neoplastic T lymphocytes to the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • In this context it means the production of cells by non-sexual means - not just the duplication of animals/plants. (emfacts.com)
  • Myelinating OLs originate from parenchymal precursors expressing the neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2) chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and the platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), commonly referred to as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) 4 . (nature.com)
  • OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis are finely regulated by the interplay of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors. (nature.com)
  • Both a cell-intrinsic program and environmental factors participate in the regulation of OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis. (nature.com)
  • It enables the testing of isolated factors on specific cells, so it helps the scientist hone-in on actual cause-effect relationships. (emfacts.com)
  • These cells initially amplify and colonize the entire CNS and maintain the proliferating ability even during adult life 5 . (nature.com)