Diversity hla antigens. Medical search. Frequent questions

With more than 7,000 known versions, or alleles, HLA is the most diverse gene in the human genome. (yale.edu)
Patients with TRBV11-2 expansion shared HLA class I alleles A02, B35, and C04, indicating what we believe is a novel mechanism for CDR3-independent T cell expansion. (mendeley.com)
However, it also appears that different HLA-DRB3 alleles (e.g. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Of course, the vast diversity of HLA alleles makes it difficult to perfectly predict the immunogenicity of a therapeutic with respect to the entire human population. (ddw-online.com)
Hence, most in vitro risk prediction should of necessity involve a population of donors with diverse HLA alleles. (ddw-online.com)
A few studies have been conducted regarding the relationship between HLA alleles and the incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in different human populations especially in the Iranian population (15). (ac.ir)
This diversity is due to the presence of multiple HLA genes, each having numerous alleles. (healthcarechannels.com)
Beyond HLA-B*46:01, there exists a vast array of HLA alleles in the population. (healthcarechannels.com)
While HLA-B*46:01 may confer protection against symptomatic infection, other HLA alleles might increase susceptibility to severe illness. (healthcarechannels.com)
Additionally, studying the role of other HLA alleles in COVID-19 outcomes can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic factors contributing to both susceptibility and resistance to the virus. (healthcarechannels.com)
The genetic link between certain HLA alleles, specifically HLA-B*46:01, and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection offers a fascinating glimpse into the intricacies of our immune system and its interaction with the virus. (healthcarechannels.com)
The research team found that an individual's response to HIV infection depends heavily on the varieties - or alleles - of the genes encoding HLA molecules that the person has. (news-medical.net)
The class I HLA alleles are divided into three categories - HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C. Specific HLA-B alleles generate much stronger immune responses than do other HLA alleles. (news-medical.net)
By contrast, different alleles of HLA-A and HLA-C genes had no effect on the immune response. (news-medical.net)
Vaccine developers therefore should give close attention to responses generated by the HLA-B alleles, "since those seem to be the critical ones that influence viral load . (news-medical.net)
The involvement of the HLA-B alleles was particularly interesting to the researchers, since HLA-B alleles are much more diverse than either HLA-A or HLA-C alleles in human populations. (news-medical.net)
Immunologists often have speculated that the greater diversity of HLA-B alleles indicates that they have been important during human history in fending off attacks from other pathogens. (news-medical.net)
For instance, evolutionary forces may have promoted the diversification of HLA-B alleles so that human populations would present a multifaceted defense against infection. (news-medical.net)
In their Nature paper, Walker and his colleagues point out that the evolutionary influence of the HIV epidemic on HLA-B alleles already can be seen in the offspring of mothers infected with HIV. (news-medical.net)
A total of 13 alleles were detected at the HLA-DRB1 locus. (geneticsmr.com)

The evolution pathways that led to the hyper-mutation clusters in single human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules were identified. (elifesciences.org)
In this respect, not only known proteins but also non-coding genetic regions of cells are studied as sources of peptides that can be presented by HLA molecules at the surface of tumor cells and be recognized by T cell receptors (TCRs). (medigene.com)
Under a collaboration agreement with IRICoR and the Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC) of the Université de Montréal, Canada, Medigene gained access to 47 potential TSAs presented by one of five common HLA types that were identified as novel peptides eluted from the HLA molecules of tumor cells. (medigene.com)
Initiation and regulation of immune responses in humans involves recognition of peptides presented by human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA-II) molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
Antigen variation in pathogens and tumor antigens, and extensive polymorphism of HLA molecules increase the number of targets for screening studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Experimental screening methods are expensive and time consuming and reagents are not readily available for many of the HLA class II molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
Full overlapping studies of four antigens identified binding affinity of 103 peptides to seven common HLA-DR molecules (DRB1*0101, 0301, 0401, 0701, 1101, 1301, and 1501). (biomedcentral.com)
Because not all servers have predictors for all tested HLA-II molecules, we assessed a total of 113 predictors. (biomedcentral.com)
CTLs recognize peptide antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules on infected cells or cancer cells and kill them. (biomedcentral.com)
MHC-II molecules present antigenic peptides internalized by professional antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, or T lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
As a result, models of drug presentation, explaining how small drug antigens can interact with HLA (human leucocyte antigens) and T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules in DIH, have been greatly enhanced and include today the concept of "pharmacological interaction", the model a modified peptide repertoire and a model of a modified TCR repertoire, in addition to hapten theory. (nephrologyjournal.ru)
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules which are called human leukocyte antigens (HLA), play an important role in the immune response (16). (ac.ir)
These molecules of cell surface play a critical role in antigen processing and T cell activity. (ac.ir)
Tumor antigens or Neoantigens are those antigens that are presented by MHC I or MHC II molecules on the surface of tumor cells . (wikidoc.org)
Although almost every cell in the body is an APC, since it can present antigen to CD8 + T cells via MHC class I molecules, the term is often limited to those specialized cells that can prime T cells (i.e., activate a T cell that has not been exposed to antigen, termed a naive T cell ). (wikidoc.org)
To help distinguish between the two types of APCs, those that express MHC class II molecules are often called professional antigen-presenting cells . (wikidoc.org)
To examine the question, Walker and his colleagues focused on the class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules that occur in most of the cells in the body. (news-medical.net)
When a cell is infected with a virus, the HLA molecules grab pieces of the proteins made by the virus and display the protein fragments on their surface. (news-medical.net)
Other immune system cells recognize the foreign proteins presented by the HLA molecules and kill the infected cell, thereby stemming the infection. (news-medical.net)
Antigens are the molecules that are recognized and stimulate the cells of immune system. (medscape.com)
Immunoglobulins (Igs), the term is sometimes used interchangeably with "antibodies," are glycoprotein molecules produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells in response to an immunogen or after recognition of specific epitopes on the antigen. (medscape.com)
Variable region constitutes the antibody binding region of the molecule to the different antigens as it consists of about 110 amino acids that vary widely among the different antibody molecules. (medscape.com)

In this study, we comprehensively screened HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor epitopes and characterized the corresponding TCRs using in vitro artificial antigen presentation cells (APC) system, single-cell transcriptome and TCR V(D)J sequencing, and machine-learning. (thno.org)
We identified the HLA-A2 restricted T cell epitopes from MAGE-A3 that could effectively induce the activation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells using artificial APC in vitro . (thno.org)
A cohort of HLA-A2+ NSCLC donors demonstrated that the number of epitope specific CD8+ T cells increased in NSCLC than healthy controls when measured with tetramer derived from the candidate MAGE-A3 epitopes, especially epitope Mp4 (MAGE-A3: 160-169, LVFGIELMEV). (thno.org)
In these assays, we observed multiple antibody reactivity patterns indicating that HLA-DRB3 harbours multiple epitopes. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
These peptides (HLA-II T-cell epitopes) are increasingly important as research targets for the development of vaccines and immunotherapies. (biomedcentral.com)
MAPPS) assays use purified HLA-II peptides of the protein of interest to complement in silico identification and evaluation of the binding affinity of HLA-II peptide epitopes. (ddw-online.com)
Due to the artificial nature of drug/chemical-T-cell epitopes, it is not clear whether thymic selection of drug/chemical-specific T cells is a common phenomenon or remains limited to few donors or simply does not exist, suggesting T-cell receptor (TCR) cross-reactivity with other antigens. (frontiersin.org)
Epitopes are a component of the antigen that are recognized by the immune system and determine whether the cellular or the humoral arm of the immune system shall be activated against that particular antigen. (medscape.com)

The vast diversity of possible T-cell receptors (TCR) is generated by the random recombination of genes in the third complimentary determining regions (CDR3) within a TCR's α and β chains. (biorxiv.org)
The protein diversity of mammalian cells is determined by arrays of isoforms from genes. (elifesciences.org)
Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes play an important role in determining the outcome of organ transplantation and are linked to many human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
We determined the allelic and nucleotide diversity for MHC class I and class II genes using samples of 250 individuals from eight breeding population of Snowy Plovers. (biomedcentral.com)
In mammals, MHC genes are organized into a dense genomic region and are characterized by complex organization and many pseudogenes, leading to extraordinary genetic diversity. (biomedcentral.com)
Each person has a unique set of HLA genes, which dictates their response to a pathogen. (yale.edu)
But not all categories of HLA genes are equally important. (news-medical.net)
An individual T-cell has a specific complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of T cell receptor (TCR)-α and -β, which is a result of the recombination of somatic TCR V-(D)-J genes and junction diversity. (nature.com)

However, we detect a significant correlation between increased HLA allele sharing and increased number of shared TCRβ clones, with each additional shared HLA allele contributing to an increase in ∼0.01% of the total TCRβ clones being shared, supporting a key role for HLA type in shaping the immune repertoire. (biorxiv.org)
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C*0602 is identified as the allele associated with the highest risk for the development of the autoimmune skin disease psoriasis . (bvsalud.org)
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB3 is a functional HLA class II gene, which has a limited allele diversity in the human population. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
In those cases, where we succeeded at tracing back the induction of these antibodies to the molecular HLA typing of the immunogenic event, we noticed a different frequency of HLA-DRB1 allele groups in the donors as compared to a control group. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
HLA Class I Allele and Haplotype Diversity in Ugandans Supports Presence of a Major East African Genetic Cluster. (unityhealth.to)
Researchers have found a genetic link, specifically with a common Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) allele, that appears to play a role in determining the likelihood of developing symptoms. (healthcarechannels.com)
In this article, we will explore the fascinating connection between this HLA allele and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. (healthcarechannels.com)
Recent studies have uncovered a specific HLA allele, known as HLA-B*46:01, which appears to be associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. (healthcarechannels.com)
Individuals possessing the HLA-B*46:01 allele are more likely to exhibit robust T cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, even if they remain asymptomatic. (healthcarechannels.com)
By having an HLA allele that effectively presents viral antigens, individuals with HLA-B*46:01 can mount a strong immune response, despite the absence of symptoms. (healthcarechannels.com)
The allele frequencies of the HLA-DRB1 locus in 262 healthy, unrelated Tujia individuals living in the Wufeng region of the Hubei Province were analyzed using the Luminex HLA sequence-specific oligonucleotide method with a WAKFlow HLA typing kit. (geneticsmr.com)

Therefore, in organ transplantation, this HLA molecule is frequently mismatched between patient and graft donor and thus antibodies against this mismatched HLA molecule can develop. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)

Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-testis antigens, such as Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3), is a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC. (thno.org)

The molecular basis for peptide repertoire selection in the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) C*06:02 molecule. (bvsalud.org)
However, the diversity and mode of peptide presentation by the HLA-C *0602 molecule remains unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Biologic drugs as therapy have improved the treatment of many diseases, but their success is often tempered by antidrug antibodies (ADAs), which specifically recognise the therapeutic molecule as a foreign antigen. (ddw-online.com)
An antigen (from antibody-generating ) or immunogen is a molecule that sometimes stimulates an immune response. (wikidoc.org)
Cells present their antigens to the immune system via a histocompatibility molecule . (wikidoc.org)
Depending on the antigen presented and the type of the histocompatibility molecule, several types of immune cells can become activated. (wikidoc.org)
These professional APCs are very efficient at internalizing antigen, either by phagocytosis or by receptor-mediated endocytosis , and then displaying a fragment of the antigen, bound to a class II MHC molecule, on their membrane. (wikidoc.org)
The T cell recognizes and interacts with the antigen-class II MHC molecule complex on the membrane of the antigen-presenting cell. (wikidoc.org)

We found that HLA-C *0602 predominantly presents nonamer peptides with dominant arginine anchors at the P2 and P7 positions and a preference for small hydrophobic residues at the C terminus (PΩ). (bvsalud.org)
To determine the structural basis of this selectivity, we determined crystal structures of HLA-C *0602 in complex with two self - peptides (ARTELYRSL and ARFNDLRFV) and an analogue of a melanocyte autoantigen (ADAMTSL5, VRSRR-abu-LRL) implicated in psoriasis . (bvsalud.org)
One or more immunogenic peptides were found for each of the five analyzed HLA types. (medigene.com)
Our technologies allowed new peptide-HLA combinations to be rapidly defined that have the potential to broaden TCR diversity for patients with different HLA types whose tumors present these novel peptides. (medigene.com)
Neoantigens are peptides derived from non-synonymous mutations presented by human leukocyte antigens (HLA), which are recognized by anti-tumor T cells. (medicaltrend.org)
Using a mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics approach, we characterized the antigenic landscape of patient LSCs and identified AML- and AML/LSC-associated HLA-presented antigens absent from normal tissues comprising nonmutated peptides, cryptic neoepitopes, and neoepitopes of common AML driver mutations of NPM1 and IDH2. (acir.org)
HLA-II peptide binding studies involve multiple overlapping peptides spanning individual antigens, as well as complete viral proteomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent observations raise the hypothesis that not only the drug/chemical, but also parts of the haptenated protein or peptides may constitute the important structural determinants for antigen recognition by the TCR. (frontiersin.org)
One possibility is that HLA-B*46:01 presents a broader range of viral peptides, allowing for a more comprehensive immune response. (healthcarechannels.com)

However, systematic analysis of T cell immune responses to MAGE-A3 antigen and corresponding antigen-specific TCR is still lacking. (thno.org)

Tumor antigens can also be on the surface of the tumor in the form of, for example, a mutated receptor, in which case they will be recognized by B cells . (wikidoc.org)
High-throughput genome and transcriptome data can be used to calculate the abundance of immune cells and predict tumor antigens. (medicaltrend.org)

Foreign antigens are first processed and presented by an individual's major histocompatibility complex (MHC). (biorxiv.org)
Background Major histocompatibility complex class-1-related protein (MR1), unlike human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class-1, was until recently considered to be essentially monomorphic. (bmj.com)
This study aimed to determine the relationship between one of the histocompatibility antigens (HLA DRB1) and its sub-groups with the incidence of recurrent aphthous ulcers in an Iranian population (North East of Iran). (ac.ir)

In the recombination process of the β chain, loci of the variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) regions are randomly spliced together with non-templated insertions and deletions occurring between each junction, resulting in up to 10 11 possible sequences ( 3 , 4 ). (biorxiv.org)
As the MHC is encoded by highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci in humans, this process of thymic selection occurs within the context of an individual's HLA type. (biorxiv.org)
Because of the diversity and polymorphisms of HLA loci, HLA. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we assess the allelic diversity and patterns of selection for MHC class I and class II loci in a threatened shorebird with highly flexible mating and parental care behaviour, the Snowy Plover ( Charadrius nivosus ) across its broad geographic range. (biomedcentral.com)

Tissue Antigens. (wikipedia.org)

Antigen recognition depends on both T-cell specificity and the molecular complex presenting the antigen. (biorxiv.org)
Superantigen specificity for different Vβ chains results in Vβ skewing, whereby T cells with specific Vβ chains and diverse antigen specificity are overrepresented in the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. (mendeley.com)

In terms of immune responsiveness, HLA-DRB1*15:02 was associated with lower nucleocapsid T-cell responses. (bvsalud.org)
However, HLA DRB1*15:01 was associated with increased spike T-cell responses following both first and second dose vaccination. (bvsalud.org)
HLA-DRB1* 11 individuals) could be linked to an altered expression level. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Good performance predictors included HLA-DRB1*0101 (seven), 1101 (six), 0401 (three), and 0701 (one). (biomedcentral.com)
The frequency of HLA -DRB1 *16 was 0.7% in the healthy subjects, however frequency of HLA -DRB1 *16 in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) was 42.36%, and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.03). (ac.ir)
We established a genetic database by investigating human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 allelic frequencies in a disease-association study in the Tujia population in Wufang, Hubei, China. (geneticsmr.com)
The results showed that the Tujia population has a close genetic relationship with the Middle Han population at the HLA-DRB1 locus. (geneticsmr.com)
This information will be useful for HLA-DRB1-linked disease-association studies. (geneticsmr.com)

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and reactivity of these antibodies and aimed to identify factors that underlie antibody formation against HLA-DRB3. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
In conclusion, our study provides information on the immunogenicity and reactivity patterns of antibodies against HLA-DRB3 in kidney transplantation, and it points towards the possibility of HLA expression as a factor underlying antibody formation. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
B-cells , which express antibody, can very efficiently present the antigen to which their antibody is directed, but are inefficient APC for most other antigens. (wikidoc.org)
HIV infection can be diagnosed by antibody, nucleic acid (HIV RNA), or antigen (p24) testing. (msdmanuals.com)

Successful antigen recognition requires T cells to effectively recognize the body's MHC and coordinate a response. (biorxiv.org)
This junctional region of the TCR chains, also known as the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3), is highly diverse and is an important determinant of antigen recognition by T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Antigen-specific T-cell recognition and HLA class II immunopeptidome diversity correlated with clinical outcome. (acir.org)

HLA-B*46:01 is part of the human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) system, which plays a crucial role in presenting viral antigens to cytotoxic T cells, a type of immune cell responsible for destroying virus-infected cells. (healthcarechannels.com)
Here we show the features of repertoire diversity and the gene expression profile of HLA-A24 cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells in actual recipients according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern. (nature.com)

T cells that encounter their specific cognate MHC-presented antigen will bind and proliferate, leading to an immune response. (biorxiv.org)
Their encoded proteins are involved in presenting antigen derived from pathogens to immune cells, which then trigger a cascade of immune responses [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A key mechanism of immune evasion deployed by tumour cells is to reduce neoantigen presentation through down-regulation of the antigen presentation machinery. (portlandpress.com)
Their expression in tumour cells is modulated by a complex interplay of genomic, transcriptomic and post translational factors involving multiple intracellular antigen processing pathways. (portlandpress.com)
T cells are activated by proteins made by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene during an infection. (yale.edu)
Functional relevance of shared AML/LSC antigens is illustrated by presence of their cognizant memory T cells in patients. (acir.org)
The goal of vaccination is to induce immunity against pathogens and cancer cells by stimulating antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
These cells allow different types of assays to be performed, covering the T cell-mediated immune response from antigen uptake to T cell proliferation. (ddw-online.com)
The antigen priming of CD4+ T cells by mature MoDCs leads to the proliferation of CD4+ T cells in in-vitro PBMC assays. (ddw-online.com)
During thymic selection, T cells that have not yet encountered their cognate antigen are considered naive T cells. (frontiersin.org)
A person's immune system uses HLA markers to know which cells belong in your body. (jcracetiming.uk)
A close HLA match helps ensure that the new blood will be accepted by the patient's body, allowing them to grow and make new, healthy blood cells. (jcracetiming.uk)
Non-microbial exogenous (non-self) antigens can include pollen, egg white, and proteins from transplanted tissues and organs or on the surface of transfused blood cells. (wikidoc.org)
By endocytosis or phagocytosis , these antigens are taken into the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and processed into fragments. (wikidoc.org)
These antigens can sometimes be presented by tumor cells and never by the normal ones. (wikidoc.org)
More common are antigens that are presented by tumor cells and normal cells, and they are called tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) . (wikidoc.org)
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognize these antigens may be able to destroy the tumor cells before they proliferate or metastasize . (wikidoc.org)
T cells cannot bind native antigens, but require that they are processed by APCs, while B cells can be activated by native ones. (wikidoc.org)
Antigen presentation stimulates T cells to become either "cytotoxic" CD8+ cells or "helper" CD4+ cells. (wikidoc.org)
Dendritic cells , which have the broadest range of antigen presentation, and are probably the most important APC. (wikidoc.org)
The cellular response is mainly a lymphocyte-mediated reaction, whereas the humoral response includes production of antibodies against the antigen by the plasma cells. (medscape.com)

We showed in our patient cohort that HLA-DRB3 antibodies are identified in about 7% of all patients that were screened with solid phase assays. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
The antibodies then specifically bind to only those particular antigens. (medscape.com)

This paper then, discusses the particulars (of which ethical considerations) of blood transfusion diversity and the consequences for donors, patients, and society. (frontiersin.org)
A patient's likelihood of finding a potential unrelated donor or CBU has increased due to advances in transplantation and the continuing growth and increasing ethnic diversity of the Be The Match Registry, which provides the most diverse listing of potential donors and cord blood units in the world. (bethematchclinical.org)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disorder with complex etiology, diversity of clinical manifestations, and an unpredictable disease course. (biomedcentral.com)
It is strongly associated with a genetic marker, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1*06:02, indicating an autoimmune-mediated process [9] , [10] . (plos.org)
The RAS etiology is less described, despite the overall agreement about the role of autoimmune reaction to oral mucosa or cross-reactive antigens. (ac.ir)

Surprisingly, we find that shared antigen exposure to CMV leads to fewer shared TCRβ clones, even after controlling for HLA, indicative of a largely private response to major viral antigenic exposure. (biorxiv.org)
Weiskopf suspects that this diversity is key to better understanding the nuances of human responses to viral infections. (yale.edu)
BK polyomavirus diversity-Why viral variation matters. (uc.edu)
The diversity motifs and their incidences at each of the nonamer positions allow evaluation of the mutation transmission dynamics and selectivity of the viral sequences in relation to the animal and the human hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
Endogenous antigens are antigens that have been generated within the cell, as a result of normal cell metabolism , or because of viral or intracellular bacterial infection . (wikidoc.org)

HLA polymorphism can directly affect the bonding capacity of antigens and thus affect antigen-specific T-cell response (17). (ac.ir)

The human adaptive immune system must generate extraordinary diversity to be able to respond to all possible pathogens. (biorxiv.org)
This diversity plays a critical role in shaping individual immune responses to various pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. (healthcarechannels.com)

Here, we describe the endogenous peptide repertoire of â ¼3,000 sequences for HLA-C *0602 that defines the peptide -binding motif for this HLA allomorph. (bvsalud.org)
These structures revealed that HLA-C *0602 possesses a deep peptide -binding groove comprising two electronegative B- and E-pockets that coincide with the preference for P2 and P7 arginine anchors. (bvsalud.org)
Collectively, our results provide the structural basis for understanding peptide repertoire selection in HLA-C *0602. (bvsalud.org)
Diversity was higher in the peptide-binding region, which suggests balancing selection. (biomedcentral.com)

Extensive HLA allelic diversity and limited clinical samples limit the study of neoantigen-targeted T cell responses during patient therapy. (medicaltrend.org)

Currently available HLA-II prediction servers offer only a limited prediction accuracy and the development of improved predictors is needed for large-scale studies, such as proteome-wide epitope mapping. (biomedcentral.com)

However, certain factors such as low junctional diversity, thymic selection, and T-cell proliferation upon antigen exposure can affect TCR sharing among individuals. (biorxiv.org)
Analysis of TRBJ gene usage and complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) length distribution of MIS-C expanded TRBV11-2 clones revealed extensive junctional diversity. (mendeley.com)

Another complication relates to the population size of Neanderthals estimated from the genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA sequences. (reasons.org)

Thus, we conducted immune- and RNA-sequencing of HLA-A24-restricted CMVpp65-specific CTLs to better understand the immune reconstitution of CMV-CTLs after allo-HCT. (nature.com)
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the features of TCRβ-CDR3, diversity, and GEP of HLA-A24 CMV-CTLs according to the CMV-reactivation pattern among recipients after allo-HCT. (nature.com)

As a result, VDJ recombination, HLA restriction, and antigen exposure collectively contribute to a largely private TCRβ repertoire. (biorxiv.org)

The body's immune system can react adaptively against the antigen via 2 pathways: cellular or humoral. (medscape.com)

Medigene AG (Medigene, FSE: MDG1, Prime Standard), a clinical stage immuno-oncology company focusing on the development of T cell immunotherapies, today presents the screening and identification of novel immunogenic tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) derived from non-coding regions of the human genome at the American Association for Cancer Research Virtual Annual Meeting (AACR) 2021. (medigene.com)
In this case, they are called tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) and, in general, result from a tumor-specific mutation. (wikidoc.org)

The only so far reported ligand of KIR2DL4 is the non-classical HLA class 1 gene HLA-G, leading to the inhibition of the cytolytic NK cell function. (wikipedia.org)
This study identifies and functionally validates LSC-associated HLA class I and HLA class II-presented antigens, paving the way to the development of LSC-directed T cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches for patients with AML. (acir.org)
High-throughput genotyping of KIR2DL2/L3, KIR3DL1/S1, and their HLA class I ligands using real-time PCR. (unityhealth.to)
However, the relationship between HLA-class I (HLA-A, -B and -C) and HLA-class II (DR, -DQ - DP) with oral disorder has not yet been investigated extensively (16). (ac.ir)

In this study, we utilized NGS to assess whether changes in T cell repertoire diversity in PB of SLE patients correlate with or predict changes in disease activity. (biomedcentral.com)
No significant correlation between the overall repertoire diversity and clinical disease activity was observed for most SLE patients with only two of eleven SLE patients showing a decreasing trend in repertoire diversity approaching the flare time point. (biomedcentral.com)
A significant decrease in T cell repertoire diversity was observed in PB of SLE patients compared to HC. (biomedcentral.com)
However, in most SLE patients, repertoire diversity did not change significantly with increases in disease activity to a flare. (biomedcentral.com)

The loss of adaptive genetic diversity has been associated with an increase in the risk of extinction, especially in species with low population sizes [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Narcolepsy cataplexy syndrome, characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, is strongly associated with a genetic marker, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1*06:02. (plos.org)
In modern pharmacogenomic studies, important steps have been taken to prevent some forms of DIH by identifying relevant genetic variants, especially those that encode drug-metabolizing enzymes and human leukocyte antigens (HLA). (nephrologyjournal.ru)
These antigens should, under normal conditions, not be the target of the immune system, but, due to mainly genetic and environmental factors, the normal immunological tolerance for such an antigen has been lost in these patients. (wikidoc.org)
Before delving into the genetic link, it's essential to grasp the significance of Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) in our immune system. (healthcarechannels.com)
The discovery of the genetic link between HLA-B*46:01 and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection opens up new avenues of research and potential interventions. (healthcarechannels.com)
Characterization of maize genotypes for genetic diversity on the basis of inter simple sequence repeats. (geneticsmr.com)

Furthermore, the HLA-DRB3 gene is only present in a subset of individuals. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)

Reasons for this diversity of outcome include differences in challenge dose, age, gender, comorbidity and host genomic variation. (bvsalud.org)

This work identified candidate TCRs potentially suitable for TCR-T design targeting HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor antigen. (thno.org)

Here we demonstrate that LSCs present HLA-restricted antigens that induce T-cell responses allowing for immune surveillance of AML. (acir.org)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms may influence immune response and disease outcome. (bvsalud.org)

A wide range of clinical manifestations of DIH and the participation of various drugs in its development, as well as the diversity of pathogenetic mechanisms make the diagnosis and management of DIH extremely difficult. (nephrologyjournal.ru)
While the exact mechanisms responsible for HLA-B*46:01's role in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection are still being studied, there are several hypotheses that researchers have put forth. (healthcarechannels.com)

The T-cell repertoire derives this high diversity through somatic recombination of the T-cell receptor (TCR) locus, a random process that results in repertoires that are largely private to each individual. (biorxiv.org)
Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that increased age is correlated with decreased overall TCRβ clone sharing, indicating that the pattern of private TCRβ clonal expansion is a general feature of the T-cell response to other infectious antigens. (biorxiv.org)
Together, these antigens shared among AML and LSCs represent prime targets for T cell-based therapies with potential of eliminating residual LSCs in patients with AML. (acir.org)
This molecular model shows a T cell receptor and an HLA-A white blood cell antigen bound to part of a virus. (mskcc.org)
Overall primary concerns are: extrapolating human clinical studies, seeding durable effective T cell resident memory (Trm), population human leucocyte antigen (HLA) coverage, and the potential for T cell-mediated immune escape. (mdpi.com)
Because of the continuing growth and increasing ethnic diversity of the Be The Match Registry, an overwhelming percentage of patients who need an unrelated donor transplant will have a suitably matched, available donor or a CBU with an adequate cell dose on the Be The Match Registry. (bethematchclinical.org)
HLA match likelihoods for hematopoietic stem-cell grafts in the U.S. registry. (bethematchclinical.org)
Template:Seealso An antigen-presenting cell ( APC ) or accessory cell is a cell that displays foreign antigen complexed with MHC on its surface. (wikidoc.org)
An additional co-stimulatory signal is then produced by the antigen-presenting cell, leading to activation of the T cell. (wikidoc.org)

Hence, TCR repertoire estimation vastly outnumbers the actual diversity of a person's TCR repertoire ( 27 ). (frontiersin.org)

Given the lack of diversity on the bone marrow donor registry, we focus on under-represented groups, to improve the odds of all blood cancer patients finding a life-saving donor match. (jcracetiming.uk)

It is believed that HLA-B*46:01 may have a unique binding characteristic that enables it to efficiently present SARS-CoV-2 antigens to the immune system. (healthcarechannels.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms3

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs86

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes35

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care4

Alleles20

Molecules22

Epitopes8

Genes8

Allele11

Mismatched betwe1

Receptors1

Molecule8

Peptides9

Corresponding antigen-specific1

Tumor antigens2

Histocompatibility3

Loci4

Tissue Antigens1

Specificity2

DRB18

Antibody4

Recognition3

Cytotoxic T cel2

Cells21

Antibodies2

Donors2

Autoimmune3

Viral5

Polymorphism1

Pathogens2

Peptide4

Allelic diversity1

Epitope1

Junctional diversity2

Sequences1

CTLs2

Collectively1

Pathways1

TSAs2

Class4

Repertoire diversity4

Genetic7

Gene1

Variation1

TCRs1

Induce1

Disease1

Mechanisms2

Cell9

Person's1

Patients1

Efficiently present1