• In response to herbivory, plants have evolved a wide variety of defense mechanisms and although relatively less studied than resistance strategies, tolerance traits play a major role in plant defense (Strauss and Zergerl 2002, Rosenthal and Kotanen 1995). (wikipedia.org)
  • I was awarded an ARC DECRA that explores how agricultural management shapes mycorrhizal fungal diversity and how community composition impacts plant defences against insect herbivores. (edu.au)
  • Flöthe CR, M Molis, I Kruse, F Weinberger, U John (2014) Molecular support for temporal dynamics of induced anti-herbivory defences in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus . (uit.no)
  • Methods This study directly evaluates the effects of herbivory on seedling growth and the role of two putative plant defences, saponins and leaf toughness, in limiting herbivory in reforestation. (mpg.de)
  • Patterns of herbivory varied through time, resulting in changes in the importance of plant defences. (mpg.de)
  • Conclusions Plantinsect interactions influence reforestation through growth-limiting herbivore pressure on seedlings, and this herbivory is likely facilitated by reforestation methods that favour monocultures of fast-growing species that lack strong antiherbivore defences. (mpg.de)
  • To reveal possible mechanistic grounds for these discrepancies, we extended an existing simulation model of grassland communities based on plant functional types to include root herbivory. (ufz.de)
  • What mycorrhizal fungal communities effect plant responses to root herbivory? (edu.au)
  • First, I give an overview of the elevational patterns of species diversity/richness and herbivory published in the literature. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The overview illuminates existing debates on elevational patterns of species diversity/richness and herbivory. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Chapter II explores the patterns of invertebrate herbivory and their underlying drivers along extensive elevational and land use gradients on the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Findings also revealed differences in the levels and patterns of herbivory among feeding guilds and between anthropogenic and natural habitats. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Chapter III presents patterns and unravels direct and indirect effects of resource (food) abundance (NPP), resource (food) diversity [Functional Dispersion (FDis)], resource quality (SLA, NP, and CN rations), and climate variables (MAT and MAP) on species diversity of phytophagous beetles. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Results revealed complex (bimodal) and dissimilar patterns of Chao1-estimated species richness (hereafter referred to as species diversity) along elevation and land use gradients. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Since we found that factors affecting species diversity were intimately linked to climate, I concluded that predicted climatic changes over the coming decades will likely alter the species diversity patterns which we observe today. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Ecological communities are defined by both the organisms that persist within habitats, and the interactions that shape the assembly and diversity patterns of these organisms. (springer.com)
  • By placing artificial larvae out on trees, they provide evidence that increased predation in higher diversity urban forest patches might drive patterns in herbivory. (peercommunityin.org)
  • One surprising discovery made about plant tolerance was that plants can overcompensate for the damaged caused by herbivory, causing controversy whether herbivores and plants can actually form a mutualistic relationship (Belsky 1986). (wikipedia.org)
  • Herbivores' effects on plant diversity vary. (wikipedia.org)
  • Herbivores might increase plant diversity or decrease plant diversity. (wikipedia.org)
  • People used to think herbivores increase plant diversity by avoiding dominance. (wikipedia.org)
  • [5] Herbivores do increase bio-diversity by consuming dominant plant species, but they can also prefer eating subordinate species according to plants' palatability and quality. (wikipedia.org)
  • [12] Even in the absence of defensive trade-offs, herbivores may still be able to increase plant diversity, such as herbivores prefer subordinate species rather than dominant species. (wikipedia.org)
  • While it might be tempting to simply plant more of the species that are subject to low current rates of herbivory, other research on the long-term vulnerability of monocultures to attack by specialist pathogens and herbivores (Tooker and Frank 2012) cautions against such an approach. (peercommunityin.org)
  • For example, leaf toughness, which is an effective defence against many herbivores, was negatively related to herbivory at multiple time periods. (mpg.de)
  • They have been descibed from every continent, and dominated megaherbivorous niches over much of the world for 135Ma, and also show great diversity, inferred to have been permitted by niche partitioning, itself unusual for such large herbivores. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Their longevity and diversity indicates them as one of the most successful radiations of terrestrial herbivores, and provide a good candidate for detecting evolutionary signals associated with the evolution of herbivory. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Here, we studied the relative importance of species diversity and seed family (SF) diversity within species for growth and herbivory in experimental subtropical tree assemblages. (uzh.ch)
  • [11] Defenses against herbivory on plant diversity can vary in different situations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Flöthe CR & M Molis (2013) Temporal dynamics of inducible anti-herbivory defenses in the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (Phaeophyceae). (uit.no)
  • Within this context, a clear understanding of the consequences of belowground herbivory for the composition and the diversity of plant communities continue to elude ecologists. (ufz.de)
  • In the past decades to centuries, the structure, composition and diversity of woody vegetation have often been massively altered by humans - either by direct human impact such as selective logging or by indirect human impact such as changes to the frequency and intensity of natural disturbances. (tropentag.de)
  • 2002. Effects of grassland plant species diversity, abundance, and composition on foliar fungal disease. (balzan.org)
  • 2014. Soil mutualists modify priority effects on plant productivity, diversity, and composition. (montana.edu)
  • Gentry, A. H. Changes in plant community diversity and floristic composition on environmental and geographical gradients. (lostobject.org)
  • Has herbivory negatively impacted genetic variability in the flora of the California Channel Islands? (usd.edu)
  • Herbivory was negatively related to sapling growth, and damage during the first 6 mo of plot establishment decreased growth even after 5 yr. (mpg.de)
  • College of Agriculture and Natural Resources researchers Mike Walters and Gary Roloff are teaming up to study ways to increase sustainability and diversity of Michigan's valuable northern hardwood forests. (msu.edu)
  • The first is ensuring that a healthy diversity of tree species are regenerating in these forests, and the second is restoring the northern hardwood forests that have been degraded by beech bark disease. (msu.edu)
  • When we manage forests for diversity, they are less susceptible to invasive pests, and they contain multiple sources of food for wildlife. (msu.edu)
  • The loss of tree species diversity and, in some cases, reduced stocking levels in Michigan's northern hardwood forests are linked to many factors. (msu.edu)
  • Herbivory by arthropods can substantially affect tree growth and reproduction (Whittaker and Warrington 1985), and so understanding factors that influence herbivory in urban forests is important to effective management. (peercommunityin.org)
  • It is worth reading to better understand the role of diversity in driving plant-insect community interactions and given the implications of the findings for sustainable long-term management of urban forests. (peercommunityin.org)
  • In "Insect herbivory on urban trees: Complementary effects of tree neighbors and predation" Stemmelen and colleagues (Stemmelen et al. (peercommunityin.org)
  • Positive plant diversity-ecosystem function relations are ultimately driven by variation in functional traits among individuals that form a community. (uzh.ch)
  • To date, research has largely focused on the role of species diversity for ecosystem functioning. (uzh.ch)
  • Firstly, in future studies regarding biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships, intraspecific genetic diversity should be given similar weight as species diversity as it has often been neglected and its effects are not well understood. (uzh.ch)
  • We suggest that previously marginal species can achieve a degree of functional redundancy, and that their compensatory herbivory may play an important role in ecosystem resilience. (nature.com)
  • Biodiversity impacts ecosystem productivity as much as resources, disturbance, or herbivory. (balzan.org)
  • To address this deficit we studied an aquatic plant community in an ecosystem subject to gradients in mute swan (Cygnus olor) herbivory, riparian shading, water temperature and distance downstream of the river source. (bournemouth.ac.uk)
  • Results from path analysis showed that temperature and climate-mediated changes in NPP had a significant positive direct and indirect effect on species diversity of phytophagous beetles, respectively. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • 2010. Regeneration dynamics in remnant Tsuga canadensis stands in the northern Lake States: potential direct and indirect effects of herbivory. (mtu.edu)
  • The existing body of empirical evidence reveals partly contradictory responses ranging from negative to neutral or positive effects of belowground herbivory on grassland diversity. (ufz.de)
  • Ecological mechanisms associated with the positive diversity-productivity relationship in an N-limited grassland. (balzan.org)
  • Carbon-negative biofuels from low-input high-diversity grassland biomass. (balzan.org)
  • Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment. (balzan.org)
  • For each belowground feeding mode, we systematically varied the intensity and frequency of herbivory events for three different levels of soil fertility both in the presence and absence of additional aboveground grazing. (ufz.de)
  • Interestingly, aboveground biomass production was largely unaffected by diversity changes induced by belowground herbivory except in the case of selective feeding modes that were related to specific functional traits. (ufz.de)
  • Different levels of plant resource availability affected the strength, but not the direction of the belowground herbivory effects. (ufz.de)
  • Our findings provide possible explanations for the broad spectrum of belowground herbivory effects on plant community diversity. (ufz.de)
  • Furthermore, the presented theoretical modelling approach provides a suitable conceptual framework to better understand the complex linkage between plant community and belowground herbivory dynamics. (ufz.de)
  • I was then awarded an independent research fellowship at Charles Sturt University in Wagga Wagga where I continued to pursue my interests in belowground ecology by exploring aspects of how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affect plant performance and responses to insect herbivory. (edu.au)
  • Between the inception of life, estimated to be about 3.5 to 4 billion years ago, and today, biotic diversity has increased in a process of enormous evolutionary radiation and specialisation. (groms.de)
  • Tree growth (stem diameter, plant height and crown expansion) and herbivory (percentage leaf loss due to leaf chewers) were monitored annually from 2011 to 2013. (uzh.ch)
  • I recorded standing leaf herbivory from leaf chewers, leaf miners and gall-inducing insects on 55 study sites located in natural and anthropogenic habitats distributed from 866 to 3060 meters above sea level (m asl) on Mt. Kilimanjaro. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • 2016). Identification of herbivory in these tetrapods is based primarily on their dentition and skull structures, which indicate, to varying degrees, the ability to crop and masticate vegetation. (palaeo-electronica.org)
  • Petrowski S, M Moils, A Bender, C Buschbaum (2016) Effects of continuous and sporadic presence of kelp thalli on Arctic marine soft bottom assemblage structure and diversity. (uit.no)
  • 2016. The beta-diversity of species interactions: Untangling the drivers of geographic variation in plant-pollinator diversity and function across scales. (montana.edu)
  • Tolerance is the ability of plants to mitigate the negative fitness effects caused by herbivory. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although genetic diversity within stands of trees is known to have community-level consequences, whether such effects are present at an even finer genetic scale is unknown. (mdpi.com)
  • However, the effects on plant diversity caused by variation in dominance could be beneficial or negative. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2010. Diversity, productivity and landscape-level effects of grasslands managed for biomass production. (mtu.edu)
  • Krishnadas, M. & Comita, L. S. Edge effects on seedling diversity are mediated by impacts of fungi and insects on seedling recruitment but not survival. (lostobject.org)
  • We discuss amplicon-based DNA barcoding and metabarcoding for the analysis of community diversity and molecular gut content analysis for assessing predator-prey relationships. (springer.com)
  • There is evidence of soil microbes and their implications for plant community diversity. (lostobject.org)
  • The effect of temperature on community diversity varied between upstream and downstream sites by altering the relative competitiveness of species at these sites. (bournemouth.ac.uk)
  • Population genetic diversity and species relationships in the genus Rhinanthus L. based on microsatellite markers, 495-502. (usd.edu)
  • Our study uncovers the role of leaf nutrient stoichiometry and its linkages to climate in explaining the variation in leaf herbivory along climatic gradients. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • We examined the hypothesis that genetic variability (heterozygosity) within an individual plant would affect its dependent community, which adds a new dimension to the importance of genetic diversity. (mdpi.com)
  • Minimum sampling intensity required to capture extant genetic diversity in ex situ seed collections: examples from the endangered plant Sibara filifolia (Brassicaceae). (usd.edu)
  • Do the island biogeography predictions of MacArthur and Wilson hold when examining genetic diversity on the near mainland California Channel Islands? (usd.edu)
  • Genetic diversity following demographic recovery in the insular endemic plant Galium catalinense subspecies acrispum. (usd.edu)
  • 2010. Elevational gradients of bryophyte diversity, life forms, and community assemblage in the southern Appalachians. (mtu.edu)
  • Zwerschke N, M Bollen, M Molis, Scrosati, RA (2013) An environmental stress model correctly predicts unimodal trends in overall species richness and diversity along intertidal elevation gradients. (uit.no)
  • Insect Conservation and Diversity. (lu.se)
  • There were two very early pathways to tetrapod herbivory in edaphosaurid evolution, one toward generalized browsing on high-fiber plant items ( Edaphosaurus ) and the other ( Gordodon ) toward more specialized browsing, at least some of it likely on higher nutrient, low fiber plant items. (palaeo-electronica.org)
  • Here, ecosystems are typically shaped by frequent natural disturbances such as wildfire and herbivory. (tropentag.de)
  • 2015. Wildfire disturbance and productivity as drivers of plant species diversity across spatial scales. (montana.edu)
  • Results revealed an unimodal pattern of total leaf herbivory along the elevation gradient in natural habitats. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The paper also demonstrates the importance of tree species identity in determining leaf herbivory. (peercommunityin.org)
  • This study demonstrates the potential for reducing herbivory and improving sapling growth by reforesting with polycultures of fast-growing and well-defended species. (mpg.de)
  • The results also revealed that the effect of NPP (via beetles abundance and diversity of food resources) on species diversity is stronger than that of temperature. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Declining tree diversity has caused concern among natural resource managers and researchers. (msu.edu)
  • The course may not be included in a higher degree together with BIOR74 The Ecology and Evolution of Plants 15 credits, BIOR54 The Evolution and Diversity of Plants 15 credits, or BIOR26 Plant Biology 15 credits. (lu.se)
  • High-throughput sequencing (HTS), particularly DNA metabarcoding, enables community-wide analyses of diversity and interactions at unprecedented scales and at a fraction of the cost that was previously possible. (springer.com)
  • These results suggest that herbivory is a dominant factor controlling competition for light and plant diversity," says first author Anu Eskelinen. (eurasiareview.com)
  • In contrast, SF diversity reduced growth and increased herbivory but only so in species mixtures. (uzh.ch)
  • Can chemical ecology and diverse planting designs be applied to decrease herbivory in tropical reforestation? (mpg.de)
  • Our modelling approach successfully reproduced various empirically reported diversity responses, merely on the basis of the different feeding modes. (ufz.de)
  • The only exception was the scenario with low resource levels, which promoted neutral (neither positive nor negative) diversity responses for some of the feeding modes. (ufz.de)
  • However, it has been particularly difficult to adequately characterize communities of these animals because of their exceptionally high diversity and abundance. (springer.com)