Divergent reproductive isolation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Early stages of lineage divergence in insect herbivores are often related to shifts in host plant use and divergence in mating capabilities, which may lead to sexual isolation of populations of herbivorous insects. (ksu.edu)
To identify incipient mechanisms of lineage divergence and isolation, we compared host choice, mate choice, and phenotypic divergence among natural grasshopper populations in zones of contact with populations encountering only one of the host species. (ksu.edu)
The descendent populations must be in reproductive isolation from ancestral populations. (wikipedia.org)
There must be no reproductive isolation in descendent populations. (wikipedia.org)
Using microsatellites, we found strongly reduced gene flow between adjacent populations from different habitat types, suggesting that local adaptation to sulfidic habitats repeatedly caused the emergence of reproductive isolation. (datadryad.org)
Overall, reproductive isolation and genetic differentiation appear to be replicated and direct consequences of local adaptation to sulfide spring environments, but the relative contributions of different mechanisms of reproductive isolation vary across these evolutionarily independent replicates, highlighting both convergent and nonconvergent evolutionary trajectories of populations in each drainage. (datadryad.org)
The evaluation of the degree of reproductive isolation between divergent populations of polytypic bird species can help solve the great controversy surrounding the status of several taxa as species or subspecies. (luomus.fi)
A total of seven grey alder populations from environmentally divergent habitats were included in the study. (sumari.hr)
Furthermore, we found that phenotypic divergence of the studied grey alder populations can be explained as a result of a significant level of isolation both by distance and by environment. (sumari.hr)
Reproductive isolation is the reduction in successful interbreeding between divergent populations. (metode.org)
Speciation requires that reproductive isolation evolves to completion, that is, to the point where either no mating occurs between populations or mating results only in unviable or sterile offspring. (metode.org)
According to Roger Butlin, to understand how reproductive isolation is achieved to allow new species to appear, we need to take into account three main categories of driving forces: the mutation order process, which occurs when two populations evolve genetic differences due to the spread of new mutations that happen to occur only in one population or the other. (metode.org)
Phenology has important implications for gene flow and reproductive isolation between populations. (usfca.edu)
Ecological speciation is the process by which barriers to gene flow evolve between populations as a result of ecological based divergent selection between environments [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Combined with behavioural preference for favourable host species, these divergent adaptations can induce pre- and post-zygotic barriers between host-specialized aphid populations. (hal.science)
Despite the assumed oversimplification of the traditional categorization of speciation processes (allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric), the spatial context and the extent of gene flow between potentially diverging populations during speciation play a key role in determining whether, and how fast, reproductive isolation can evolve (8,9). (researchsquare.com)
Red wolves exhibited size-assortative mating, a mating behavior widely observed in the animal kingdom and one known to act as a pre-mating reproductive barrier between distinct species and divergent populations. (joeyhinton.com)
Previous phylogeographic work on the brittle star Astrotoma agassizii Lyman, 1875 based on mitochondrial genes suggested isolation across the APF, even though populations in both South American waters and the Southern Ocean are morphologically indistinguishable. (bas.ac.uk)
In total, 955 biallelic SNP loci confirmed the existence of strongly divergent populations on either side of the Drake Passage. (bas.ac.uk)
When Pop.1 and Pop.2 start to diverge, only a few loci on the chromosome (here only one is shown) are under divergent selection, and the exchange of the alleles at these loci between populations is restricted. (biodiversity-science.net)
Patterns of fine-scale animal mobility within heterogeneous landscapes have significant impact on foraging and reproductive success, inter and intra-specific competition, creation and persistence of meta-populations, gene flow and structure, and propagation of infectious diseases [1] - [6] . (cdc.gov)

Parallel speciation differs from this slightly, as it is a form of parallel evolution, but the traits that are independently evolving in these differing lineages are those that are responsible for reproductive isolation. (wikipedia.org)
However, identifying and demonstrating the cases of parallel speciation is not an easy task to perform because of the many challenges especially in-depth analysis have to be performed in multiple aspects like phylogenetics, ecology, phenotypes and specifically the recurrent formation of reproductive isolation between species. (wikipedia.org)
Understanding the genetic basis of speciation and adaptive radiation without geographic isolation, and determining how and when such diversification is possible, is a key aim of evolutionary biology. (biorxiv.org)
Our study provides evidence of imprinting in an amphibian and suggests that this rarely considered combination of rival and sexual imprinting can reduce gene flow between individuals that bear divergent mating traits, which sets the stage for speciation by sexual selection. (nature.com)
Ecological speciation results from divergent natural selection acting on adaptive traits responsible for reproductive isolation. (edu.au)
Recent studies have shown that the evolution of reproductive isolation and niche divergence during ecological speciation can take place fast and in the presence of gene flow (i.e. in the absence of physical barriers). (edu.au)
Phylogeography provides a valuable framework for assessing the existence of allopatric phases during speciation and, as a result, improves our ability to identify signatures of divergent natural selection associated with ecological divergence. (edu.au)
We were arguably the first to describe a scenario of fish speciation in South America driven by divergent natural selection. (edu.au)
We showed that niche divergence due to estuarine colonization by marine silverside fish (genus Odontesthes ) led to isolation by adaptation and speciation in the presence of high gene flow - one of the most convincing reports of parapatric speciation in an aquatic organism from the Southern Hemisphere. (edu.au)
Hybrid zones between recently diverged taxa are natural laboratories for speciation research, allowing us to determine whether there is reproductive isolation between divergent forms and the causes of that isolation. (bioone.org)
However, the hypothesis of host-driven speciation is seldom tested formally and must be weighed against overlooked explanations involving geographic isolation and non-ecological reproductive barriers in the process of speciation. (hal.science)
It is suggested that divergent natural selection in contrasting habitats might trigger reproductive isolation through local adaptation, and consequently speciation, by limiting the chances of interaction between potentially reproducing individuals (3-5). (researchsquare.com)
Such dynamics resulted in new selective pressures and/or geographic isolation within lineages, causing events of genetic diversification, adaptation, and eventually speciation (11). (researchsquare.com)
This pattern was interpreted as evidence for the speciation-with-gene-flow model, and genomic islands in divergence landscape were hypothesized to be caused by divergent selection in the face of gene flow. (biodiversity-science.net)
Rapid speciation via the evolution of pre-mating isolation in the Iberá Seedeater. (nih.gov)

No evidence for reinforcement in the zone of contact was detected, suggesting that divergent selection for host plant use promotes sexual isolation in this species. (ksu.edu)
Sexual imprinting-a phenomenon in which offspring learn parental traits and later use them as a model for their own mate preferences-can generate reproductive barriers between species 1 . (nature.com)
My research group uses genomic approaches to quantify levels of introgression and reproductive isolation among genetically differentiated phylogroups of avian species/superspecies coming together along contact zones. (luomus.fi)
Anopheles merus is the most divergent of the three species, supporting a recent new phylogeny based on chromosomal inversions. (kemri-wellcome.org)
Divergence between A. gambiae and A. arabiensis does not vary across the autosomes but is higher in X-linked inversions than elsewhere on X or on the autosomes, consistent with the suggestion that this inversion (or a gene within it) is important in reproductive isolation between the species. (kemri-wellcome.org)
We further assessed patterns of admixture and reproductive isolation within the group, including two additional species ( B. stricta and B. retrofracta ) that are widespread across North America. (biomedcentral.com)
Further, when inferring reproductive isolation on the basis of presence and absence of admixture, we found that the accumulation of reproductive isolation between species does not seem to occur linearly with time since divergence in this system. (biomedcentral.com)
On the other hand, with high rates of gene flow and low levels of reproductive isolation (RI), introduced alleles could be transmitted in such a way that the genomes of locally adapted species with small population sizes (e.g. in alpine glacial refugia) could ultimately become extinct by being swamped by a different lineage [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite the variety of scenarios and species targeted by our projects, our focus is on incipient ecological species - these present an opportunity to investigate ongoing evolutionary processes in scenarios where adaptive divergence and reproductive isolation are closely associated. (edu.au)
In some species, body size is thought to be a 'classic' magic trait, in that body size evolved under divergent selection and also acted on mating cues, although there are few conclusive examples [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromosomal Inversions and Species Differences: When are Genes Affecting Adaptive Divergence and Reproductive Isolation Expected to Reside within Inversions? (bioone.org)
Experimental and field studies below the species level support reproductive isolation between host races as partly due to divergent selection by their host plants. (hal.science)
Owing to their geographical isolation, it was challenging for birds to fly across islands, and even if they could, the genetic makeup, behavioural traits, and mating rituals of the various species prevented interbreeding. (anthroholic.com)
The two groups were separated because of the Tana river in Kenya which led to the isolation of several generations along with the desired mutations eventually forming into two different species of giraffes. (anthroholic.com)
These species are distinct from others found elsewhere in the globe as a result of isolation. (anthroholic.com)
Darwin's Origin of Species contains the majority of Wagner's views on geographic isolation, and Darwin even stated that the majority of Wagner's arguments were not well substantiated. (anthroholic.com)
By emphasising geographic isolation in the emergence of new species, Wagner went on to fully disregard the significance of natural selection. (anthroholic.com)
18. Evolution of different species in a given area starting from a point and spreading to other geographical areas is known as (a) adaptive radiation (b) natural selection (c) migration (d) divergent evolution. (recruitmenttopper.com)
Also, among organisms that reproduce only asexually , the concept of a reproductive species breaks down, and each clone is potentially a microspecies. (atozwiki.com)
Ernst Mayr emphasised reproductive isolation, but this, like other species concepts, is hard or even impossible to test. (atozwiki.com)
When the members of a species do not interbreed with the members of other species or same species due to differential modification is called reproductive isolation. (cleariitmedical.com)
There is limited understanding of the genome-wide evolutionary processes that act within and between species as such fungi adapt to different environments, leading to physiological differences and reproductive isolation. (ualberta.ca)
We identified 103,430 singlenucleotide variations that separated the Grosmannia strains into divergent Gs and Gc clades, and further divided each of these clades into two subclades, one of which may represent an additional species. (ualberta.ca)
The investigated species are the syntopic leaf beetles Phaedon cochleariae and P. armoraciae which have a common host plant range, but use divergent host species when occurring at the same site. (logos-verlag.de)
Sexual isolation between species ceases when beetles feed upon the same host plant species. (logos-verlag.de)

Analysis of the joint site frequency spectrum (JSFS) pointed toward an ancestral divergence in complete isolations followed by a secondary contact resulting in gene flow between the two diverging groups, but heterogeneous across sites. (seanoe.org)
The implication of these results in terms of ecological divergence and build-up of reproductive isolation are discussed. (seanoe.org)
Intra-specific competition is one source of such divergent selection, and small-scale differences between individuals in resource use have been recognized as an important initial step towards further population divergence (Bolnick et al. (springer.com)
Servedio and Noor 2003 ), or through the evolution of any kind of reproductive barrier as a by-product of ecological divergence (e.g. (springer.com)

This leads to a circumstance where independently evolved lineages have developed reproductive isolation from their ancestral lineage, but not from other independent lineages that inhabit similar environments. (wikipedia.org)
Before complete reproductive isolation is achieved, hybrid zones may form between divergent lineages either through primary intergradation or secondary contact. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
Hybridization facilitates recombination between divergent genetic lineages and can be shaped by both neutral and selective processes. (nsf.gov)

During this process, reproductive isolation results from divergent ecological selection, or ecologically-mediated, sexual selection 1 , 2 . (biorxiv.org)

Pairing data indicate that assortative mating is either very weak or absent, suggesting that this reproductive isolation is largely due to postmating barriers. (bioone.org)
What are some reproductive barriers? (brainscape.com)

Furthermore, transient transposase gene overexpression allowed the isolation of an unexpected spliced transcript in cultured cells and in embryos. (irjs.info)

Together, these results indicate a role for a combination of factors including assortative mating and/or early hybrid inviability in the maintenance of this hybrid zone and suggest that hybrid zones with intermediate levels of reproductive isolation are likely to be maintained by multiple interacting isolating mechanisms. (mcmaster.ca)

However, genomic islands can also arise from other evolutionary processes, such as introgression, divergent sorting of ancient polymorphisms, and linked selection. (biodiversity-science.net)
Prospects We suggest more attention should be paid to the ecological and genetic basis of reproductive isolation after discerning the mechanism underlying the formation of genomic islands. (biodiversity-science.net)
A complex genomic architecture underlies reproductive isolation in a North American oriole hybrid zone. (nih.gov)

Their evolution is a puzzle, however, because although the sexes commonly experience divergent selection pressures, their independent response to selection is constrained by the largely shared genome. (uu.se)
Our results indicate that reuse of globally shared standing genetic variation, including chromosomal inversions, has an important role in repeated evolution of distinct marine and freshwater sticklebacks, and in the maintenance of divergent ecotypes during early stages of reproductive isolation. (scilifelab.se)
1. The wings of a bird and the wings of an insect are (a) phylogenetic structures and represent divergent evolution (b) homologous structures and represent convergent evolution (c) homologous structures and represent divergent evolution (d) analogous structures and represent convergent evolution. (recruitmenttopper.com)
b) analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution. (recruitmenttopper.com)
19. Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution? (recruitmenttopper.com)
The aim of this study rests on three premises: (i) humans are altering ecosystems worldwide, (ii) environmental variation often influences the strength and nature of sexual selection, and (iii) sexual selection is largely responsible for rapid and divergent evolution of male genitalia. (ncsu.edu)
They show divergent evolution. (cleariitmedical.com)

15. Genetic variation in a population arises due to (a) recombination only (b) mutation as well as recombination (c) reproductive isolation and selection (d) mutations only. (recruitmenttopper.com)
Genetic variability arises from mutations and recombination , while organisms themselves are mobile, leading to geographical isolation and genetic drift with varying selection pressures . (atozwiki.com)

Geographic isolation can lead to genetically divergent groups due to mutation and variation in accordance to the environment. (anthroholic.com)
Geographic isolation in Darwin's thinking: the vicissitudes of a crucial idea. (anthroholic.com)

In the former scenario, reproductive isolation may be unlikely to evolve because the chance that loci under divergent selection will be linked to a trait that causes reproductive isolation is slim, and a genome-wide correlated response to divergent selection is lacking 16 , 17 . (biorxiv.org)
PRRSV causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory distress in pigs of all ages, resulting in significant economic losses for the swine industry worldwide (1, 2). (researchsquare.com)

These biases can act similarly to natural selection to maintain variation in traits and mate preferences, which facilitates reproductive isolation driven entirely by sexual selection. (nature.com)

The mtDNA data also support a divergent desert population, but other relationships differ and suggest mtDNA introgression. (nsf.gov)

Here, I leverage heterogeneous landscapes to study how precipitation mediates local adaptation and reproductive isolation in plants that occur in specialized habitats. (usfca.edu)

The most direct way to link divergent natural selection to reproductive isolation is via 'magic traits', i.e., traits under selection that also contribute to non-random mating or genes under selection that pleiotropically affect non-random mating [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The most divergent transcripts were homologs to genes involved in calcium/potassium fluxes across the membrane, calcium transduction signal and saxitoxin production. (seanoe.org)
Thus, despite extensive hybridization the two forms are distinct evolutionary groups carrying genes for divergent adaptive peaks, and this situation appears relatively stable. (bioone.org)

We investigated mechanisms of reproductive isolation in livebearing fishes (genus Poecilia) inhabiting sulfidic and nonsulfidic habitats in three replicate river drainages. (datadryad.org)
I predict that the amounts of drought stress and competition stress within serpentine and non-serpentine habitats are more divergent in regions with higher precipitation. (usfca.edu)

The inferred strength of sexual selection against immigrants (RIs) was negatively correlated with the strength of natural selection (RIm), a pattern that could be attributed to reinforcement, whereby natural selection strengthens behavioral isolation due to reduced hybrid fitness. (datadryad.org)
Divergent selection is where natural selection operates in different directions in two environments, such as favouring thick-shelled snails in the presence of crab predation but thin-shelled snails where crabs are absent. (metode.org)

Some of the surviving red wolves pair-bonded with coyotes and the loss of wolf reproduction to hybridization was a form reproductive interference that typically accompanied human-caused killing of wolves. (joeyhinton.com)
To avoid nonspecific detection of divergent sequences related to transposon relics, we applied high-stringency conditions for our hybridization experiments. (irjs.info)

Although sulfide spring fish convergently evolved divergent phenotypes, it was unclear if mechanisms of reproductive isolation also evolved convergently. (datadryad.org)

Understanding factors involved in maintaining stable hybrid zones is important for predicting the ultimate fate of the interacting taxa, but the relative importance of mechanisms such as ecological selection and intrinsic reproductive isolation remains unclear. (mcmaster.ca)

Due to the phenotypic differences that result in reproductive isolation, it is difficult for members of these two groups to interbreed if they come together. (anthroholic.com)

Most studies of reproductive isolation in hybrid zones have focused either on zones with strongly bimodal patterns in genotype or phenotype frequencies, with relatively strong isolation, or unimodal zones with relatively weak isolation, whereas less is known about more intermediate classes of hybrid zone. (mcmaster.ca)

mutation order , divergent selection and reinforcement . (metode.org)
And traditionally people have thought that mutation order processes only happen in spatial isolation. (metode.org)

An illustration of reproductive isolation is seen in Darwin's finches . (anthroholic.com)

We also use a simple population-genetics model to demonstrate that when both male aggression biases and female mate preferences are formed through parental imprinting, sexual selection alone can (1) stabilize a sympatric polymorphism and (2) strengthen the trait-preference association that leads to behavioural reproductive isolation. (nature.com)

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