Antifreeze glycoproteins or AFGPs are found in Antarctic notothenioids and northern cod. (wikipedia.org)
For example, these fish have evolved special "antifreeze" glycoproteins that prevent the formation of ice in their cells. (phys.org)
These changes are predicted to have occurred during two key periods in Antarctic icefish history: the evolution of antifreeze glycoproteins and the onset of freezing polar conditions. (phys.org)
Antarctic5
Type III AFPs are found in Antarctic eelpout. (wikipedia.org)
Type III AFPs likely evolved from a sialic acid synthase (SAS) gene present in Antarctic eelpout. (wikipedia.org)
Interestingly, the amino acid changes observed in the Antarctic icefishes were distinct from those conferring cold adaptation in the high-altitude catfishes previously studied by the team, suggesting multiple pathways to adaptation in this protein. (phys.org)
Antarctic fish have "antifreeze" proteins in their blood. (microblife.in)
To identify adaptive compensation of blood oxygen transport in octopods from different climatic regions, we compared haemocyanin oxygen binding properties, oxygen carrying capacities as well as haemolymph protein and ion composition between the Antarctic octopod Pareledone charcoti , the South-east Australian Octopus pallidus and the Mediterranean Eledone moschata . (biomedcentral.com)
Nonhomologous2
There are many known nonhomologous types of AFPs. (wikipedia.org)
In convergent evolution, nonhomologous proteins evolve in separate biological contexts to catalyze the same or similar reactions. (hindawi.com)
MRNA2
Here, we describe further development of an in vivo library selection platform based on self-assembling protein nanoparticles encapsulating their own mRNA genomes (synthetic nucleocapsids or synNCs). (uw.edu)
If viral proteins aberrantly attach to cellular mRNA, they can reverse transcribe copies of genes to create retrogenes. (ipfs.io)
Gene3
It has been suggested that lateral gene transfer could be attributed to this discrepancy, such that the smelt acquired the type II AFP gene from the herring. (wikipedia.org)
Gene duplications can arise as products of several types of errors in DNA replication and repair machinery as well as through fortuitous capture by selfish genetic elements. (ipfs.io)
Some examples of such neofunctionalization is the apparent mutation of a duplicated digestive gene in a family of ice fish into an antifreeze gene and duplication leading to a novel snake venom gene [4] and the synthesis of 1 beta-hydroxytestosterone. (ipfs.io)
Fish1
Aragão C, Gonçalves ATeresa, Costas B, Azeredo R, Xavier MJoão, Engrola S . Alternative Proteins for Fish Diets: Implications beyond Growth . (ualg.pt)
Hydrophobic1
Hydrophobicity was one of the most important physicochemical properties, due to the fact that it is involved in protein interactions, for example, by forming hydrophobic cores. (hindawi.com)
Synthetic1
In this work, we generated and optimized a new synthetic fusion protein using an evolutionary approach. (hindawi.com)
Properties1
Given the intimate relationship between a protein's structure and function, a way to design proteins with targeted properties is to start from a desired structure and find sequences able to fold into it, imposing additional constraints in the process [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The phosphorylated receptor provides multiple docking sites that recruit STAT proteins, of which there are six family members (STAT1-6) ( Pellegrini and Dusanter-Fourt, 1997 ). (jneurosci.org)
Single2
Type I AFP consists of a single, long, amphipathic alpha helix, about 3.3-4.5 kD in size. (wikipedia.org)
VH is derived from a single protein domain of 35 residues [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Work1
They may work in conjunction with ice nucleating proteins (INPs) to control the rate of ice propagation following freezing. (wikipedia.org)
Important2
However, molecular weight is also important due to potential steric incompatibilities within protein cores. (hindawi.com)
You'll learn how to identify and apply three important types of context clues: synonyms, antonyms, and inferences. (cpalms.org)
Similar1
They exhibit similar overall hydrophobicity at ice binding surfaces to type I AFPs. (wikipedia.org)
Authors1
The authors focused on rhodopsin , a temperature-sensitive protein involved in vision under dim-light conditions. (phys.org)
Amphipathic alpha helix2
Type I AFP consists of a single, long, amphipathic alpha helix, about 3.3-4.5 kD in size. (wikipedia.org)
use ANTIMICROBIAL CATIONIC PEPTIDES (NM) to search MICROBICIDAL CATIONIC PROTEINS 1981-2000 BX - Microbicidal Cationic Proteins FX - Blood Bactericidal Activity MH - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active UI - D023241 MN - E2.319.310.75 MS - Drug regimens, for patients with HIV INFECTIONS, that aggressively supress HIV replication. (nih.gov)
Divergence1
However, a significant gap in knowledge concerns how divergent natural selection might drive adaptive divergence when populations evolve to environments that are temporally rather than spatially distinct. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcription1
[ 77 ] This selectively regulates salp16 gene transcription in association with RNAPII and the TATA-binding protein. (medscape.com)
Specific3
[ 19 ] Moreover, A. phagocytophilum has human- and tick-specific operons and paralogs, such as for the major surface proteins p44/msp2 . (medscape.com)
[ 74 ] These findings underscore the existence of specific adaptations to divergent hosts and suggest that this bacterium uses different strategies to colonize tick and mammalian cells. (medscape.com)
The eukaryotic membrane vesicles contain specific sets of proteins that determine vesicle function and shuttle with specific destination. (beds.ac.uk)
Cell3
[ 40 ] Cell surface proteins and the virulence factors AnkA and AptA also appear to be highly induced in tick salivary glands during A. phagocytophilum transmission. (medscape.com)
revised 9/6/2000) TOTAL DESCRIPTORS = 184 MH - Active Transport, Cell Nucleus UI - D021581 MN - G6.535.166.310.100 MN - G6.535.166.700.100 MS - Gated transport mechanisms by which proteins or RNA are moved across the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE. (nih.gov)
Autophagy is a self-digestion process that is activated to remove damaged proteins for preventing cell death in response to various stresses. (beds.ac.uk)
Suggest2
Previous studies suggest that MLF also colocalized with two autophagy machineries, FYVE and ATG8-like protein, and that MLFVs are stress-induced compartments for substrates of the proteasome or autophagy in response to rapamycin, MG132, and chloroquine treatment. (beds.ac.uk)
Our results suggest that MLF family proteins are functionally conserved in evolution. (beds.ac.uk)
Expression2
A. phagocytophilum inhibits tick subolesin and modulates the expression of a tick salivary protein named SALP16 for its own survival. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, human MLF2, like Giardia MLF, can increase cyst wall protein expression and cyst formation in G. lamblia , and it can colocalize with MLFVs and interact with MLF. (beds.ac.uk)
Fikrig and colleagues demonstrated that A. phagocytophilum appears to increase the ability of I. scapularis to survive in cold temperatures by upregulating an antifreeze glycoprotein. (medscape.com)