Divergence convergence ocular. Medical search. Frequent questions

Divergence insufficiency (DI) describes the condition where the patient has a decompensated esophoria for distance vision with either no or a lesser amplitude of well compensated esophoria at near (Evans, 1997). (academy.org.uk)
For specific symptomatic vergence disorders, the prevalence was: 1.4% basic esophoria, 1.4% basic exophoria, 8.6% convergence insufficiency, 1.8% convergence excess, 0.8% fusional vergence dysfunctions and 0.8% divergence excess. (avehjournal.org)
No participant had symptomatic divergence insufficiency. (avehjournal.org)
3 Vergence disorders (binocular vision disorders 4 functionally classified descriptively by clinical signs as convergence insufficiency, convergence excess, divergence insufficiency, divergence excess, basic exophoria, basic esophoria and fusional vergence dysfunctions 5 ) have considerable impact on learning, social life and academic achievement in general 6 and thus can have significant negative effects on quality of life. (avehjournal.org)
9 Vergence disorders, such as convergence insufficiency, do become a significant clinical problem most especially when a patient reaches the teenage years. (avehjournal.org)
10 Various studies have proved convergence insufficiency and accommodation infacilityto be leading causes of asthenopia. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
Minus lenses can be used as bifocals if lower segment in exodeviation associated with convergence insufficiency and the same can be used as upper segment bifocals in acses of divergence excess exodeviation. (optography.org)
Other types of exotropia include divergence excess and convergence insufficiency. (eyehealthweb.com)
Progressive cerebellar tonsillar herniation with recurrent divergence insufficiency esotropia. (ouhsc.edu)

Both types may be associated with convergence excess. (academy.org.uk)
Convergence excess ( CE) describes a decompensated esophoria at near with any esophoria for distance being of less amplitude and well compensated (Evans, 1997). (academy.org.uk)
In the high AC/A and low CA/C scenario, early presbyopes had mean DBI of 0.17 (95%CI 0.28-0.06), compared to DBI of -0.31 in convergence excess esotropes. (reading.ac.uk)
It has three types-Excess divergence, basic and weakness in convergence. (optography.org)
Excess convergence, basic and weak divergence are it's three types. (optography.org)
Excess convergence causes esophoria and less use of it causes exophoria as seen in patients of presbyopia. (optography.org)

Binocular diplopia resolves with either eye being closed and indicates ocular misalignment as an underlying problem. (eyewiki.org)
Accommodative effort is thought to precipitate a convergent misalignment of the eyes as a result of increased hyperopic refractive error (an increased accommodative demand) and/or increased accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC/A) ratio (excessive accommodative convergence). (arvojournals.org)
A form of ocular misalignment characterized by an excessive convergence of the visual axes, resulting in a "cross-eye" appearance. (ouhsc.edu)
Exotropia is an ocular misalignment often accompanied by double vision, abnormal eye movement of one or both eyes, impaired vision and discomfort. (nvisioncenters.com)

Strabismus is defined as acquired if the deviation is noticed after 6 months of age, following a presumed normal ocular alignment. (nih.gov)
Current models of concomitant, intermittent strabismus, heterophoria, convergence and accommodation anomalies are either theoretically complex or incomplete. (reading.ac.uk)
Abnormality of the accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio may cause certain types of strabismus . (medscape.com)

Reflexes that involve eye movements are the optokinetic reflex and the vestibular ocular reflex. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)
As patients move their heads in different positions, their eyes are assessed to determine whether they move in an equal and opposite direction-this is the vestibular ocular reflex. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)
After the functional binocular vision exam, I look at the closely linked vestibular system, for which, intact binocular visual function is necessary, I look at the athlete's gaze stability or vestibular ocular reflex (VOR), or ability to keep an image centered on the fovea during horizontal and vertical head motion. (neurosync.health)

Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. (wikipedia.org)
incomitant describes an ocular deviation that varies with the direction of gaze. (medscape.com)
The term A-pattern designates a vertically incomitant horizontal deviation in which there is more convergence in midline upgaze and less convergence (increased divergence) in midline downgaze. (medscape.com)
By convention, an A-pattern is not considered to be clinically significant unless the distance measurements of the ocular deviation in midline upgaze (25° above primary gaze) and midline downgaze (25° below primary gaze) differ by at least 10 prism diopters. (medscape.com)
An A-pattern exotropia is an outward deviation of the visual axes in which there is more divergence of the eyes in midline downgaze than in midline upgaze. (medscape.com)
In this situation, little change occurs in the amount of ocular deviation from midline upgaze to primary position, but increased divergence occurs between primary position and downgaze. (medscape.com)
Heterophoria is defined as an ocular deviation kept in control by a fusional mechanism. (nih.gov)
There are individual reports on the effect of some preoperative characteristics of visual functions (like convergence, angle of deviation, presence of fusion and type of binocular vision) on the success of exotropia surgery. (ozhurnal.com)

Studies have shown that decreased ocular motor function can be an early sign of Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative disorders .5 Assessing eye movement can not only reveal the signs of disease, dysfunction, or degeneration that might have otherwise been missed but also monitor some of those neurodegenerative conditions known to be present. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)

Patients with surgery success (postoperative orthotropes) were compared to those who had a residual exotropia of more than 10 prism diopters (PD) postoperatively in terms of the preoperative accommodative convergence-accommodation (AC/A) ratio, near point of convergence (NPC), distance stereopsis and near stereoacuity threshold. (ozhurnal.com)
It is caused by either uncorrected hyperopic refractive error and/or a high accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio. (retinalaser.com)

These patterns are named using letters of the alphabet whose shapes have visual similarities to the ocular motility patterns that they describe. (medscape.com)
Von Noorden GK, Campos E. Binocular Vision and Ocular motility. (ozhurnal.com)

Lastly, this thesis demonstrates that myopic children show reduced vergence adaptation when fusional convergence was initiated through plus adds or base-out prisms but not when fusional divergence was initiated through minus addition lenses. (uwaterloo.ca)
Tests include measurement of fusional divergence (break and recovery point), fusional convergence (break and recovery point) and accommodative facility (cycles per minute). (ophthalmologytimes.com)
Fusional convergence exercises were repeated five times in each of the first three sessions, seven times in each of the next three sessions, then ten times in each of the last four sessions. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
[ 4 , 5 , 6 ] Fusional convergence and divergence are optomotor reflexes that are designed to position the eyes such that the image of regard falls on the fovea of each eye. (medscape.com)

It can be due to refractive error, binocular fusion abnormalities, or neuromuscular anomalies of ocular movements. (nih.gov)
Vision therapy looks at your eyes ability to move in multiple directions, together and independently doing movements such as tracking, saccades, convergence, divergence, dynamic visual acuity and your ability to use your vestibular ocular reﬂex (VOR). (functionalperformance.com)
This evaluation assesses the size, frequency and direction of your eye-turn if present as well as the flexibility and range of inward (convergence) and outward (divergence) eye-teaming movements. (eyeconsee.com)
Indeed, ocular saccades are very fast movements of both eyes, in the same direction and with the same amplitude. (scirp.org)

In comparison with certain ocular diseases also, binocular vision disorders are regularly diagnosed. (avehjournal.org)
They are not equipped to check for eye diseases that can affect your child's long-term ocular health, or binocular vision disorders that can hinder their ability to learn. (clinevada.com)

If ocular diseases or vision disorders are detected, your eye doctor will have the equipment and expertise to properly treat them. (clinevada.com)

The surgical procedures were performed under local anesthesia, the researchers wrote, and they retrospectively analyzed pre-op- and postop data with regards to visual acuity, ocular alignment, and stereopsis. (symptoma.com)

1.Exphoria- The tendency of divergence of the eyes is observed in exophoria. (optography.org)

This has also been termed the push-up test and tests a combination of both reflex and voluntary convergence (Mallett, 1988). (academy.org.uk)
Whilst it is not possible to isolate completely reflex convergence, the Capobianco test, which employs a deep red filter placed before one eye to produce partial dissociation , is purported to provide a measure of reflex convergence with little or no voluntary input (Capobianco, 1952). (academy.org.uk)

Symptoms may be particularly associated with close work and may include frontal headache, ocular fatigue, blurred vision, inertia of accommodation (see notes on Anomalies of Accommodation). (academy.org.uk)
Causes include 3rd N anomalies, head trauma, Parinaud s syndrome (convergence paralysis + vertical gaze palsy). (academy.org.uk)

AC/A Ratio- accommodative convergence / accommodative (measured in prism diopters/diopters). (retinalaser.com)

Diplopia worse with distance is more typical of sixth nerve palsy because of difficulty with divergence at distance of the eyes while diplopia worse at near is more suggestive of medial rectus palsy because of the need for convergence of the eyes at near. (eyewiki.org)

The earliest description of this type is the Duane-White classification of divergence and convergence malfunction (Borisch, 1970). (academy.org.uk)

Patients with any ocular pathology or who had undergone any previous vision training were excluded. (ophthalmologytimes.com)

Monocular diplopia is typically due to an ocular cause and will not be discussed further here. (eyewiki.org)

Orthophoria is defined as the perfect ocular alignment, even when no stimulus for fusion is present. (nih.gov)

The abducting force is greatest in downgaze, the superior oblique's primary field of action, causing an increased relative divergence of the eyes in downgaze. (medscape.com)
Divergence/Convergence Cover Test: The eyes are observed for their ability to align properly. (vision-surgery.com)
The near point of convergence (NPC) of the eyes can be investigated by placing a fixation object at 30 to 40 cm in the mid-plane of the patient s head. (academy.org.uk)
Convergence/Divergences - The ability to focus both eyes in and out on an object. (visiontherapysa.com)
Fact: Permanently crossed eyes do not occur as a result of a person with a healthy ocular system consciously crossing them. (optometrists.org)
Convergence is movement of both eyes nasally, and divergence is movement of both eyes temporally. (medscape.com)
Accommodative convergence is convergence of the eyes stimulated by accommodating or focusing on a near target. (medscape.com)
Virtually any member of the family can gain this technique through its hereditary transfer, although its true power can only be harnessed by those who are also born with the Six Eyes - an ocular jujutsu trait passed down among the Gojo clan which affords extraordinary perception that transcends human limits. (edu.vn)

Implementation of the Ebola Virus Persistence in Ocular Tissues and Fluids (EVICT) study: Lessons learned for vision health systems strengthening in Sierra Leone. (cdc.gov)
Extra-ocular muscle strength, , volumes of the tissues and the ligaments, optical axis variations that are seen on the eye. (optography.org)

We suggest clinicians look carefully at details of accommodation and convergence changes induced by lenses, dissociation and prisms and use these to plan treatment in relation to the model. (reading.ac.uk)

Accommodation and vergence are two interacting ocular motor systems that function to maintain clear and single vision across a wide range of distances. (uwaterloo.ca)
Consistent with the models of accommodation and vergence, the thesis highlights that it is necessary to measure changes to both accommodation and vergence when evaluating the response of the ocular motor system. (uwaterloo.ca)
I look at eye teaming skills (convergence and divergence), eye focusing skills (accommodation) and eye tracking skills. (neurosync.health)
Having 20/20 vision also does not ensure the mastery of visual skills like convergence and divergence, visual tracking and accommodation. (optometrists.org)
Establishing disparity or blur bias, together with knowing whether convergence to target demand exceeds accommodation or vice versa explains clinical patterns more effectively than AC/A and CA/C ratios alone. (reading.ac.uk)
1. Schor C. The influence of interactions between accommodation and convergence on the lag of accommodation. (reading.ac.uk)
5. Horwood A, Riddell P. The use of cues to convergence and accommodation in naïve, uninstructed participants. (reading.ac.uk)
Subjective ratings of symptoms and objective static and dynamic accommodation and convergence responses were recorded during and after a 2-hour visually demanding computer task. (cdc.gov)
While there was little effect of viewing distance on symptoms, an elevated static accommodation response and a reduced dynamic divergence response were found for the natural near viewing distance condition (33 cm) compared to the far viewing distance (100 cm). (cdc.gov)

Convergence cannot be elicited even with a prism. (academy.org.uk)

Convergence is the tendency of group members to change into extra alike over time. (qaalot.com)
Divergence is the tendency of group members to change into much less like different group members over time. (qaalot.com)

The definition of convergence refers to 2 or extra issues coming collectively, becoming a member of collectively or evolving into one. (qaalot.com)

The presence of asthenopia was confirmed with the Asthenopia Symptoms Survey, with calculation of the asthenopia score.Each subject was given ten sessions of therapy using the software (Figure 1).Fusional divergence exercises were repeated five times in each of the first five sessions and three times in each of the next five sessions. (ophthalmologytimes.com)

Sustained fixation results in the adaptation of these ocular motor systems and has been widely investigated in adults but not in children. (uwaterloo.ca)
Jump convergence (phasic or step convergence) is tested by asking the patient to change fixation from a distant target to a near target positioned in the mid-plane 15 cm from the patient s head. (academy.org.uk)

The squint is undercorrected to prevent inactivity of the mechanism of fusion divergence. (optography.org)

Cultural convergence is the speculation that two cultures shall be an increasing number of like one another as their interactions improve. (qaalot.com)

Convergence concept states that as nations transition from the start levels of industrialization to extremely industrialized nations, the identical societal patterns will emerge, ultimately creating a worldwide tradition. (qaalot.com)

His ocular health was normal, with no signs of macula changes, and no Amsler grid distortion. (symptoma.com)

If we suspect an ocular condition or disease, we will immediately schedule or perform diagnostic tests to determine our next steps. (susanfisherod.com)

Convergence is an essential notion for a set of routers that interact in dynamic routing. (qaalot.com)

Future studies should differentiate these parameters when evaluating adaptation of the ocular motor system. (uwaterloo.ca)

Further, myopic children also showed variations in other ocular motor parameters such as higher accommodative lags, greater variability of accommodative response, larger accommodative after-effects, and higher AV/A ratios compared to emmetropes. (uwaterloo.ca)

Anatomy33

Organisms33

Diseases47

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes76

Disciplines and Occupations8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science7

Health Care14

Geographicals2

Insufficiency9

Excess6

Misalignment4

Strabismus3

Vestibular ocular reflex3

Deviation8

Decreased ocular motor1

Accommodative convergence-accommodation2

Motility2

Fusional convergence4

Movements4

Binocular vision disorders2

Disorders1

Stereopsis1

Exophoria1

Reflex2

Anomalies2

Ratio1

Sixth-nerve1

19701

Pathology1

Diplopia1

Alignment1

Eyes8

Tissues2

Prisms1

Accommodation9

Prism1

Tendency2

Refers1

Symptoms1

Fixation2

Mechanism1

Interactions1

Patterns1

Signs1

Tests1

Dynamic1

Motor system1

Response1