Two alternatively spliced isoforms of TFII-I exhibit opposing but necessary functions for mitogen-induced transcriptional activation of c-fos. (nih.gov)
Nrf2 is the dominant cellular stress response factor that protects cells through transcriptional responses to xenobiotic and oxidative stimuli. (bvsalud.org)
The SCP is the strongest core promoter observed in vitro and in cultured cells and yields high levels of transcription in conjunction with transcriptional enhancers. (wikiversity.org)
COUP-TFII interacts with Runx2 to repress Runx2 transcriptional activity in mesenchymal cell. (guidetopharmacology.org)
COUP-TFII stimulates the transcriptional activity of the rat cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A) promoter by binding to the nucleotide sequence located between 74 and 54 (relative to the transcription start site), which contains a direct repeat of two hormone response element half-sites separated by 4 nucleotides. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Polymerase7
Like other NCLDVs, transcripts for DNA polymerase, a capsid protein and a TFII-like transcription factor were found. (wikipedia.org)
Initiation marks the beginning of transcription, where RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for transcription, recognizes specific DNA sequences known as promoters and binds to them. (microbiologynote.com)
This process continues until the RNA polymerase reaches a termination signal, which signals the end of transcription. (microbiologynote.com)
Finally, we show that active RNA polymerase II is found in distinct domains in the nucleus that constitute a subset of the total Comr stained chromatin. (biologists.com)
Genes5
Although it is harder to regulate the transcription of genes with multiple transcription start sites, "variations in the expression of a constitutive gene would be minimized by the use of multiple start sites. (wikiversity.org)
The three eukaryotic RNA polymerases are complex multisubunit enzymes that play a central role in the transcription of nuclear genes. (nih.gov)
To identify host factors that support the HBV life cycle, we previously established the HC1 cell line that maintains HBV infection and identified host genes required for HBV persistence. (inrae.fr)
It can also stimulate transcription of genes involved in the metabolism of GLUCOSE and CHOLESTEROL. (lookformedical.com)
Mutant primary spermatocytes fail to initiate transcription of a large number of genes, and arrest before entry into the meiotic divisions. (biologists.com)
Transcription factors that form transcription initiation complexes on DNA , bind to specific DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASES and are required to initiate transcription. (nih.gov)
Transient1
During early mesoderm induction, the mesoderm-associated transcription factors MESP1 and EOMES showed a transient up-regulation, which decreased later in the cardiac induction stage. (nih.gov)
Initiation1
The transcription process in eukaryotes can be divided into three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. (microbiologynote.com)
COUP6
In addition, COUP-TF activates transcription through protein-protein interaction with DNA-bound factor, such as with HNF-4 in the HNF-1a gene promoter. (guidetopharmacology.org)
The carboxyl terminus of the COUP-TF proteins interacts with multiple FOG2 zinc finger and FOG-2 serves as a co-repressor for COUP-TFII. (guidetopharmacology.org)
COUP-TFII interacts with SMAD4 to modulate TGF-β signaling mediating prostate tumorigenesis. (guidetopharmacology.org)
COUP-TFII physically interacts with Prox1 to specify lymphatic endothelial cell fate. (guidetopharmacology.org)
A COUP transcription factor that was originally identified as a homodimer that binds to a direct repeat regulatory element in the chicken albumin promoter. (lookformedical.com)
A COUP transcription factor that negatively regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and competes with other hormone receptors for the common response element AGGTCA. (lookformedical.com)
Promoter1
The core promoter includes the transcription start site(s) (TSS). (wikiversity.org)
Eukaryotic transcription is a complex process that allows eukaryotic cells to convert genetic information stored in DNA into RNA molecules, which can be transported and used for various cellular functions. (microbiologynote.com)
Eukaryotic transcription produces different types of RNA molecules with diverse functions. (microbiologynote.com)
While the basic process of transcription is similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, there are notable differences due to the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles in eukaryotic cells . (microbiologynote.com)
In summary, eukaryotic transcription is a vital process that enables cells to convert DNA information into functional RNA molecules. (microbiologynote.com)
Let's delve into the functions and characteristics of these enzymes involved in eukaryotic transcription. (microbiologynote.com)
Operating within the nucleoplasm, RNA Pol II takes on a central role in eukaryotic transcription. (microbiologynote.com)
Regulation2
Here we discuss how a multitude of signaling inputs target TFII-I isoforms, which may exert their functions in distinct phases of the cell cycle and play a key role in the coordinated regulation of cellular proliferation. (nih.gov)
Regulation of follicular development and differentiation by intra-ovarian factors and endocrine hormones. (docslib.org)
Regulates2
Glia maturation factor-γ regulates murine macrophage iron metabolism and M2 polarization through mitochondrial ROS. (nih.gov)
Glia Maturation Factor-γ Regulates Monocyte Migration through Modulation of β1-Integrin. (nih.gov)
Activates1
Binding of extracellular ligands such as growth factors, cytokines and hormones to their cell-surface receptors activates RAS and this initiates RAF1 activation. (cusabio.com)
Promoters1
From a teleological standpoint, this arrangement [of focused promoters] is consistent with the notion that it would be easier to regulate the transcription of a gene with a single transcription start site than one with multiple start sites. (wikiversity.org)
Enzyme1
However, three distinct aminoacyl tRNA synthetase enzyme transcripts and four unknown mRNA molecules specific to mimivirus were also found. (wikipedia.org)
Cellular3
Despite the fact that cellular growth and division are mechanistically distinct steps, they are usually coordinately regulated, which is critical for normal cellular proliferation. (nih.gov)
16. Viral and Cellular Genomes Activate Distinct DNA Damage Responses. (nih.gov)
1 , 2 This disease can arise from many distinct etiologies that elicit diverse cellular and molecular responses during cardiac development. (nih.gov)
Regulatory1
Termination can occur in different ways, depending on the specific gene and regulatory factors involved. (microbiologynote.com)
Pathways1
TFII-I is a unique, signal-induced multifunctional transcription factor that is activated upon a variety of signaling pathways and appears to participate in distinct phases of cell growth. (nih.gov)
MRNA2
[6] Or, transcription factories are present and the euchromatin is brought within the nearest transcription factory and A1BG messenger RNA (mRNA) is transcribed. (wikiversity.org)
catalyzes the transcription of DNA to synthesize precursors of mRNA and most snRNA and microRNA . (wikiversity.org)
Cardiac2
Gata4, a cardiogenic transcription factor essential for heart development, is also expressed in cardiac fibroblasts. (bvsalud.org)
GATA4 is a conserved GATA family transcription factor that is essential for cardiac and dorsal epidermal development. (bvsalud.org)
Differentiation1
Transcription factor GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) is proved to be essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone remodeling. (bvsalud.org)
Role1
It is a transcription factor that plays an important role in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. (lookformedical.com)
General1
18. The Adenovirus E4-ORF3 Protein Stimulates SUMOylation of General Transcription Factor TFII-I to Direct Proteasomal Degradation. (nih.gov)
Start site2
The transcription start site is the location where transcription starts at the 5'-end of a gene sequence. (wikiversity.org)
let the subscript (+1) indicate the specific nucleobase along the template strand that is a transcription start site. (wikiversity.org)
Human1
There are "nearly 50,000 acetylated sites [punctate sites of modified histones] in the human genome that correlate with active transcription start sites and CpG islands and tend to cluster within gene-rich loci. (wikiversity.org)
Entry1
In Drosophila spermatogenesis, transcription is essentially shut off upon entry into the meiotic divisions, therefore all transcripts required at later stages must be made in primary spermatocytes( Olivieri and Olivieri, 1965 ). (biologists.com)
Treatment1
The hepatic bile acid profile of the 25-day treatment group was distinct. (inrae.fr)
Form1
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. (lookformedical.com)
Activation1
of NETs Ansatrienin A is usually partially due to impaired NET clearance by extracellular DNases as DNase substitution improved NET dissolution and reduced FXII activation for articles that Pcdhb5 included the following search terms: Inflammation and thrombosis in COVID-19, NETs and COVID-19, and Factor XII and COVID-19. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Cell2
Kruppel-like factor 1-GATA1 fusion protein improves the sickle cell disease phenotype in mice both in vitro and in vivo. (nih.gov)
PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow). (lookformedical.com)
Similar1
Similar mechanism are observed for other transcription factor (Sp1). (guidetopharmacology.org)