• Distinct roles for cyclin-dependent kinases in cell cycle control. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell-cycle events are controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), whose periodic activation is driven by cyclins. (nature.com)
  • Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are essential for cell-cycle control in eukaryotes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
  • Cell cycle progression is governed by a complex network of cyclin-dependent kinases that define not only the phase of the cell cycle, but also the timing of transitions between phases 13 . (biorxiv.org)
  • In pro-B cells PTBP1 ensures precise synchronisation of the activity of cyclin dependent kinases at distinct stages of the cell cycle, suppresses S-phase entry and promotes progression into mitosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Differentiation is the process that refers to the specialization of cells. (proprofs.com)
  • During differentiation, cells acquire specific structures and functions that allow them to perform specific tasks in the body. (proprofs.com)
  • This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Sequential rounds of division and differentiation give rise to an enormous amplification of cell numbers, necessary for the production of mature blood cells. (justia.com)
  • This process of division and differentiation is subject to regulation at many levels to control cell production. (justia.com)
  • For example, the epithelial−mesenchymal transition phenotype presents more cells with a lower degree of differentiation and greater cell dissociation in the ITF than in other tumor areas 14 , 15 . (nature.com)
  • This is due to the lack of expression of cell cycle inhibitors, which ultimately determines naïve pluripotency by holding back differentiation. (upf.edu)
  • This differentiation of stem cells to a cell type that performs a specific function is thought to be irreversible. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Replication Timing (RT) is a stable epigenetic property that is cell type specific and is extensively regulated during differentiation in units that range from 400-800kb called replication domains. (fsu.edu)
  • But the dynamics of this relationship during differentiation and cell cycle have been poorly understood. (fsu.edu)
  • Stern, B. & Nurse, P. A quantitative model for the cdc2 control of S phase and mitosis in fission yeast. (nature.com)
  • Fisher, D. L. & Nurse, P. A single fission yeast mitotic cyclin B p34 cdc2 kinase promotes both S-phase and mitosis in the absence of G1 cyclins. (nature.com)
  • Because Cdc2 kinase is important for cell entry into mitosis, cyclin C's ability to regulate cell cycle progression may be attributed, in part, to modulation of Cdc2 protein expression.6 Cyclin C has a predicted molecular weight of 36 kD. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Finally, in the G2 phase, cells continue to grow and prepare for mitosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of the parent cell splits into two identical nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)
  • A fifth phase has been identified, G0, in which the cell is resting just after mitosis but still carrying out normal functions. (coursehero.com)
  • The M phase consists of mitosis, in which the cell divides, producing two new, identical cells. (coursehero.com)
  • Interphase is collectively the gap 1 (G1), synthesis (S), and gap 2 (G2) phases of mitosis, in which a cell grows, replicates its DNA, and grows again. (coursehero.com)
  • Other cellular structures are duplicated during G2, such that each replicated daughter cell produced during mitosis will have all necessary organelles (such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, etc. (coursehero.com)
  • When cells pass from S to G 2 , the nuclei migrate toward the VZ surface where mitosis occurs. (jneurosci.org)
  • After mitosis, daughter cells can either remain proliferative and re-enter the cell cycle or become terminally postmitotic and migrate out of the VZ ( McConnell, 1995 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The present study confirmed previous observations by others of a progression from G0 through G1 and S phase to G2/mitosis during the first 3 d in culture. (rupress.org)
  • Cell-cycle manipulation with vinblastine and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BUdR) revealed that previous passage through both S phase and mitosis was required for entry into this newly observed late phase. (rupress.org)
  • 4. Mitosis: The cell divides into two daughter cells. (careforlifee.com)
  • Mitosis, or cell division, is a vital process that happens throughout our lives. (careforlifee.com)
  • But what all these life forms have in common is that their genetic code is copied from cell to cell thanks to the process of mitosis, whereby the nucleus of a cell splits into two before the cell divides. (visionlearning.com)
  • The rate at which mitosis occurs depends on the cell type. (visionlearning.com)
  • Consistent with this hypothesis, we discovered a protein Rif1 that enters the nucleus right after mitosis and its knockout has a profound disruptive effect on RT in both mouse and human cells. (fsu.edu)
  • Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Our results further indicate that MCT4 promotes proliferation and survival by altered cell cycle regulation and cell death mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • For this purpose, we designed an MCT4 overexpression and knockdown/inhibition model to explore the functional consequences of MCT4 expression on cancer cell metabolism, survival, proliferation, migration, invasion potential, and angiogenesis as well as on cell cycle profiles and cell death mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • Cell division, proliferation, and apoptosis and death are integral parts of life. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Cell proliferation is an increase in the number of cells as a result of growth and division. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis is important for both development and normal tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • A number of techniques are used to assess cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Using analogs to these nucleosides provides a way to measure cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Several cell cycle-associated proteins, such as Ki-67, are also used as indicators of cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Fluorescent or nonfluorescent cytoplasmic proliferation dyes can also be used as a measure cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • BD Biosciences offers BD Horizon™ Violet Proliferation Dye 450 and BD Horizon™ CFSE for the detection of cell proliferation with the violet laser and blue laser, respectively, which facilitates the use of larger panels. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
  • Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
  • Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
  • Sorafenib (Sor) can block receptor tyrosine kinases, which are involved in the development of new blood vessels, as well as cell proliferation as a result [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Understanding the mechanisms regulating cell cycle, proliferation and potency of pluripotent stem cells guarantees their safe use in the clinic. (upf.edu)
  • Thereby, the activation of the Wnt pathway, a known mitogenic pathway in somatic tissues, restores G1 phase and drastically reduces proliferation of mESCs without perturbing pluripotency. (upf.edu)
  • All together, here we showed that Wnt signaling controls mESC pluripotency and proliferation through non-overlapping functions of distinct Tcf factors. (upf.edu)
  • Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, most of our knowledge about cell proliferation comes from studies that average data from large and mixed cell populations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Taken together, our study provides a detailed functional and molecular characterization of HSCs at different phases of regeneration and identifies a gene set associated with the transition from proliferation to quiescence. (lu.se)
  • Manifest illness stage (days to weeks postexposure)--The basal layer is repopulated through proliferation of surviving clonogenic cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Our results reveal a previously unrecognised mechanism mediated by a RBP that is essential for B cell ontogeny and integrates transcriptional and post-translational determinants of progression through the cell cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
  • Among Harlow's discoveries was the demonstration that the retinoblastoma protein interacts with viral transforming proteins, thereby linking tumor viruses with the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Clb5-specific targets include several proteins (Sld2, Cdc6, Orc6, Mcm3 and Cdh1) involved in early S-phase events. (nature.com)
  • This pathway stimulates the production of proteins important in alerting the stem cells. (stanford.edu)
  • During the first stage called G1, cells monitor their environment and, when the requisite signals are received, the cells synthesize RNA and proteins to induce growth. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The histone H2A.F/Z (H2AZ) variant is a functionally distinct, highly conserved histone subgroup that likely represents a separate evolutionary lineage of histone H2A proteins. (sdbonline.org)
  • Background The neddylation pathway conjugates NEDD8 to cullin-RING ligases and controls the proteasomal degradation of specific proteins involved in essential cell processes. (nih.gov)
  • Invadopodia are cancer cell protrusions rich in structural proteins (e.g. (biorxiv.org)
  • Polypyrimidine tract-binding proteins are essential for B cell development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Alternatively, spliced mRNAs typically encode distinct proteins or harbor modified cis-regulatory elements, thereby altering the level of protein expression. (unil.ch)
  • Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)
  • Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
  • These vectors have a number of appealing features including the expression by using the machinery of the host cell instead of depending abilities to ef®ciently transduce cells in the central nervous system, on recombinant regulatory proteins. (lu.se)
  • In contrast, no significant alteration of apoptosis in the BCa cells with downregulated LAPTM5 was noticed. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cells are also programmed for death at the genetic level as a response to DNA damages through the process of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Apoptosis is an organized process that signals cells to self-destruct for cell renewal or to control aberrant cell growth. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • As cells become damaged or are no longer needed, they undergo apoptosis or programmed cell death, a normal physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Apoptosis controls the orderly death of damaged cells, whereas necrosis occurs as a result of tissue damage, causing the loss of both damaged and surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Methods for detecting apoptosis or dead cells (viability) by cell preparation type. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • However, some cell types do not display characteristic features of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In those cases, multiple aspects of apoptosis might need to be analyzed to confirm the mechanism of cell death. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide double staining of nuclear chromatin and the formation of gaps into the lymphendothelial barrier in a three-dimensional co-culture model consisting of MCF-7 tumour cell spheroids and human lymphendothelial monolayers. (nature.com)
  • In HL-60 leukaemia cells, di-GA activated caspase 3 and dose-dependently induced apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • These data show that di-GA exhibits three distinct anticancer activities: induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and disruption of cancer cell-induced lymphendothelial disintegration. (nature.com)
  • Wu X, Song M, Qiu P, Li F, Wang M, Zheng J, Wang Q, Xu F, Xiao H. A metabolite of nobiletin, 4'-demethylnobiletin and atorvastatin synergistically inhibits human colon cancer cell growth by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Bufalin induces G0/G1 phase arrest through inhibiting the levels of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4, and triggers apoptosis via mitochondrial signaling pathway in T24 human bladder cancer cells. (umassmed.edu)
  • Methods Melanoma cell lines and patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTX) treated with pevonedistat were assessed for viability/apoptosis and tumor growth, respectively, to identify sensitive/resistant models. (nih.gov)
  • 0.3 μM) and induced apoptosis in a subset of melanoma cell lines. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, the current study used integrated in vitro and in silico approaches to figure out Amy and Sor's possible synergistic activity in targeting AMPK/mTOR and BCL-2 for anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis cell death in HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A substantial synergistic interaction between Amy and Sor was observed (CI 50 = 0.56), which was connected to cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M stages and increased apoptosis and potential necroptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This inhibition of AMPK ultimately leads to inhibition of mTOR and thus induces apoptosis in the HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • P-Tex cells could aggregate in the antigen-presenting cell niches and activate certain signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
  • Pope PA, Pryciak PM. Functional overlap among distinct G1/S inhibitory pathways allows robust G1 arrest by yeast mating pheromones. (umassmed.edu)
  • Gene expression microarray and gene set enrichment analyses were performed in cell lines to determine the expression profiles and pathways of sensitivity/resistance. (nih.gov)
  • sensitive models were enriched for genes involved in DNA repair, replication and cell cycle regulation, while immune response and cell adhesion pathways were upregulated in resistant models. (nih.gov)
  • Her contributions place as a key molecular hub, that regulates key signaling pathways to coordinate cell metabolism and cellular function and overall promote anabolism in the context of cycling cells and in differentiated tissues (6-8) . (unil.ch)
  • A number of direct and indirect radiation interaction pathways can produce damage to the DNA of irradiated cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Donaldson, A. D. The yeast mitotic cyclin Clb2 cannot substitute for S phase cyclins in replication origin firing. (nature.com)
  • Saw1, Slx1, and Slx4 are critical for replication-coupled ICLR in mus81 deficient cells. (nih.gov)
  • We propose that Rad1-Rad10 makes distinct contributions to ICLR depending on cell cycle phase: in G1, Rad1-Rad10 removes ICL via NER, whereas in S/G2, Rad1-Rad10 facilitates NER-independent replication-coupled ICLR. (nih.gov)
  • This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
  • With each replication event the amount of dye in the cell is decreased, leading to a characteristic pattern. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Regulatory signaling systems that control the progression of the CELL CYCLE through the G1 PHASE and allow transition to S PHASE when the cells are ready to undergo DNA REPLICATION. (umassmed.edu)
  • During the S phase, the replication of the cell's genetic material, DNA, occurs. (coursehero.com)
  • Pevonedistat (MLN4924) is a selective small molecule targeting the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) and inhibits an early step in neddylation, resulting in DNA re-replication, cell cycle arrest and death. (nih.gov)
  • In G2 phase, the replication timing-program is lost while inter-phase chromatin structure acquired in early G1 was retained. (fsu.edu)
  • Lastly, we explored the conservation of replication timing at single cell level that revealed a highly conserved yet stochastic regulation of replication timing. (fsu.edu)
  • This is consistent with a model of replication timing regulation where the timing is the outcome of stochastic origin firing and is not affected by the precise environment within a cell. (fsu.edu)
  • In summary, the work descried in this thesis uncovers a model where replication-timing is regulated at the unit of chromatin structure called TADs, which are generally stable across cell-types, but the compartment that they reside in corresponds to the time of their replication. (fsu.edu)
  • Interestingly, P-Tex cells expressed CDK4 genes as high as cancer cells, which could be simultaneously inhibited by CDK4 inhibitors and might be a potential reason for the ineffectiveness of CDK4 inhibitors in treating HPV-positive HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
  • The reduced expression of most of these genes in htz1Delta cells was reversed by the deletion of SIR2 (sir2Delta) suggesting that H2A.Z antagonizes telomeric silencing. (sdbonline.org)
  • We further defined groups of genes that best classified the cells parsed into 12 distinct cell clusters to generate a scaled expression heat map of discriminative gene sets for each cluster. (stowers.org)
  • Tcf1, but not Tcf3, is recruited to a palindromic motif enriched in the promoter of cell cycle repressor genes, such as p15Ink4b, p16Ink4a and p19Arf, which mediate the Wnt-dependent anti-proliferative effect in mESCs. (upf.edu)
  • Here, we used quantitative real-time PCR, profiling the expression of 93 genes in single-cells from three different cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
  • Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we employed single-cell gene expression profiling to describe the dynamic transition between cell proliferative states in three different cell lines using a panel consisting of 93 marker genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • During her PhD, Isabel studied the regulation of the alternative splicing of the Fibronectin (FN1) and Lamin A/C ( LMNA ) genes, and their role in host cell invasion (1) , aging (2) and metabolism (3,4) . (unil.ch)
  • The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)
  • The survival prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely different, and little is known about the anti-tumor mechanism of tumor-infiltrated exhausted CD8 + T cells (Tex) in HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
  • Different regions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have particular histopathological and molecular characteristics limiting the standard tumor−node−metastasis prognosis classification. (nature.com)
  • Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck malignant tumor and is ranked the eighth leading cause of cancer worldwide. (nature.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic differences of oral squamous cell carcinoma of never-smokers/never-drinkers and smokers/drinkers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Oral squamous cell carcinoma in never-smokers/never-drinkers was associated with the female gender (p (bvsalud.org)
  • To conclude oral squamous cell carcinoma of the never-smokers/never-drinkers appears to be a distinct type of tumor, as it appears to have unique clinical and pathologic features and a more immunogenic microenvironment. (bvsalud.org)
  • While promising results were observed in patients with lung cancer, the role of TIGIT in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target remains elusive. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some chemotherapy drugs work by targeting cells in specific phases of the cell cycle. (careforlifee.com)
  • They can also be used for increasing white blood cell survival and for chemotherapy. (justia.com)
  • After harvesting, the patient is given high dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy and the bone marrow function is reconstituted by infusion of the cells harvested earlier. (justia.com)
  • The use of high-dosage chemotherapy or radiotherapy for bone marrow ablation requires subsequent incorporation of hematopoietic stem cells into the patient, in which case prior harvesting of such cells is required. (justia.com)
  • [ 2 ] Options for second-line therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease include chemotherapy-free regimens with biologic targeted agents such as covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, lenalidomide,venetoclax, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. (medscape.com)
  • High-risk features such as stage IC, higher grade, or clear-cell histology should prompt consideration of adjuvant chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • Chemotherapy, either at conventional levels or in the higher-dosed myeloablative protocols used in conditioning regimens (with or without total body radiation in preparation for hematopoietic cell transplantation [HCT]), often results in erythema, edema, atrophy, and ulceration of the oral mucosa, a condition generally referred to as oral mucositis. (medscape.com)
  • Normally, adult, tissue-specific stem cells are held in a kind of cellular deep freeze called quiescence to avoid unnecessary cell division in the absence of injury. (stanford.edu)
  • However, the functional consequences of MCT4 expression on the distinct hallmarks of cancer have not yet been explored at the cellular level. (hindawi.com)
  • Pack LR, Daigh LH, Meyer T. Putting the brakes on the cell cycle: mechanisms of cellular growth arrest. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • DNA DAMAGE, or the deficiencies in specific cellular components or nutrients may cause the cells to halt before progressing through G1 phase. (umassmed.edu)
  • Using in vitro and cellular techniques, we present a mVP40 assembly model highlighting two distinct oligomerization interfaces: the (N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD)) in mVP40. (uci.edu)
  • These advances establish a third mechanism of chromatin reconfiguration, raising fundamental questions about the stability of nucleosomes in nonreplicative phases of the cell cycle and the cellular machinery responsible for incorporating histone variants into nucleosomes (Mizuguchi, 2004). (sdbonline.org)
  • Cellular morphology, time-lapse imaging, and nuclear staining demonstrated that this activity occurred in mitotically active cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • In particular, we are aiming to characterize the molecular and cellular mechanisms which control and shape the quality and quantity of antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses during viral infections or vector-based vaccination. (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
  • The presence of neoplastic islands, classified as large or small according to the number of cells in the ITF, has been described as the most aggressive pattern compared to tumors with a more uniform growth pattern, as tumor invasion occurs in a more widespread manner as cellular islands or single cells 4 . (nature.com)
  • Testing of IgG autoantibodies to human cellular antigens was performed by the HEp-2 cell immunofluorescence assay using slides from INOVA Diagnostics, San Diego, CA (Cat # 508100) following the manufacturer's instructions and evaluated primarily using their NOVA View system. (cdc.gov)
  • The various mature blood cell types are all ultimately derived from a single class of progenitor cell known as hematopoietic stem cells. (justia.com)
  • In a recent issue of Nature , Fan Zhou, Bing Liu and colleagues present their work on tracing the developmental origin of blood stem cells, also known as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in mice. (usc.edu)
  • The cell replicates its DNA, forming sister chromatids. (coursehero.com)
  • 2. S phase: The cell replicates its DNA. (careforlifee.com)
  • Eukaryotic genomes replicate via the synchronous firing of clusters of origins that together produce multi-replicon domains, each of which replicates at a defined time during S-phase. (fsu.edu)
  • DNA that replicates at distinct times during S-phase is also spatially separated in the nucleus. (fsu.edu)
  • Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions are provided herein for mobilizing hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow into peripheral blood, comprising the administration of an effective amount of an inhibitor of GTPases, such as Rac1 and Rac2 alone or in combination. (justia.com)
  • Specifically, methods are disclosed for mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood. (justia.com)
  • In particular, embodiments of the method involve inhibition of both Rac1 and Rac2 GTPases to increase the numbers of hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood of a subject. (justia.com)
  • Therefore, hematopoietic stem cells mobilized into a subject's peripheral blood by the method of the invention is useful as a source of donor cells in bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of a variety of disorders, including cancer, anemia, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. (justia.com)
  • The present invention relates generally to improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions for mobilizing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell from bone marrow into peripheral blood by administration of at least one inhibitor of a GTPase, such as Rac1 and/or Rac2 GTPase. (justia.com)
  • Leukocytic, hematopoietic cells are important in maintaining the body's defense against disease. (justia.com)
  • Other cell types derived from hematopoietic stem cells include platelets and erythrocytes. (justia.com)
  • These therapies decrease a patient's white blood cell counts, suppress bone marrow hematopoietic activity, and increase the patient's risk of infection and/or hemorrhage. (justia.com)
  • Current treatments to manage the problems that result from prolonged bone marrow suppression include the reinfusion of a patient's own previously harvested hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (justia.com)
  • In such procedures, patients undergo successive treatments with cell mobilization agents to cause mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral circulation for harvesting. (justia.com)
  • The success of treatment crucially depends on the mobilization of the bone marrow stem cells, the subsequent return of which permits the patient to achieve reconstitution of a functioning hematopoietic system. (justia.com)
  • In many cases, successfully mobilization is not effected in the patient and inadequate numbers of hematopoietic stem cells are harvested from these patients using current methods. (justia.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) enable hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) through their ability to replenish the entire blood system. (lu.se)
  • Rando, who also directs Stanford's Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging , is the senior author of the study, published April 18 in Cell Reports . (stanford.edu)
  • Rodgers is now an assistant professor of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine at the University of Southern California. (stanford.edu)
  • Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreased LAPTM5 as well, which could lead to delayed BCa cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A cell cycle arrest in early S-phase and in G 0 /G 1 -phase was also found after exposure to cisplatin and sunitinib malate, in isolation, respectively. (hindawi.com)
  • A proliferative exhausted CD8 + T cell cluster (P-Tex) which was beneficial to survival outcomes of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC was identified. (elifesciences.org)
  • The compelling conclusion that proliferative exhausted T cells are associated with response in HPV+ head and neck cancer is supported by the cohort of 14 patients with paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue and rigorous bioinformatic analysis of nearly 50,000 single CD3+ T cell transcriptomes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Both intrinsic and extrinsic signals are likely to influence the proliferative potential and eventual fates of precursor cells within the VZ. (jneurosci.org)
  • Tumor cell invasion and metastasis require cancer cells to be both proliferative and invasive, i.e. migrate through the tissue and assemble invadopodia. (biorxiv.org)
  • When stimulated to divide, they give rise to more committed, differentiated daughter cells with less proliferative potential, called "early progenitor" cells. (justia.com)
  • Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • More recently, cyclins are being shown to have additional functions not restricted to cell cycle regulation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Group 3 cyclins (G1, G2 and I) may play a role distinct from either cell cycle or transcriptional regulation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. (cancerindex.org)
  • These results demonstrate distinct patterns of spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i change in cortical precursor cells and raise the possibility that these dynamics may contribute to the regulation of neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • Consistently, ablation of β-catenin or Tcf1 expression impairs Wnt-dependent cell cycle regulation. (upf.edu)
  • During EMT, cells will undergo transformation from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype ( 14 ) and many characteristics of cells will change including loss of cell-cell adhesion and acquisition of aggressive and metastatic ability ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
  • During this time, precursor cells undergo interkinetic nuclear migration ( Seymour and Berry, 1975 ) in which cells in the DNA synthetic S phase have their nuclei in the upper third of the VZ. (jneurosci.org)
  • Hair follicles, the structures that produce hair , undergo several cycles of growth over an individual's lifetime. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In one of the locations-called the bulge- these McSCs undergo self-renewal to maintain a population of immature stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Throughout the 19th century, as microscopes developed, scientists had been seeing clues of structures in dividing cells of eukaryotes . (visionlearning.com)
  • The cascade continued until several weeks later, millions of cells were dividing - powering the exponential pattern of growth that eventually formed all of the organs and tissues of your body. (visionlearning.com)
  • He began a series of live observations under the microscope using dyed samples of animal tissues and found that a particular mass of material inside the nucleus of cells absorbed the dye quite well. (visionlearning.com)
  • We used confocal microscopy to track one of these endophytes from Palmer's agave and demonstrated that it enters other plants' tissues and participates in the rhizophagy cycle, a process by which microbes cycle between the soil and roots and bring nutrients into the plant. (mdpi.com)
  • The LMU team analyzed the motions of two types of hair-like cell protrusions made up of proteinaceous filaments-the so-called flagella found on the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the primary cilium found on many epithelial tissues in multicellular organisms. (genengnews.com)
  • In cell division, a cell makes a copy of its DNA and then separates itself into two identical cells - each with its own copy of DNA enveloped inside a nucleus. (visionlearning.com)
  • advanced organisms-including animals, plants, fungi, and protists-whose cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. (visionlearning.com)
  • mostly one-celled organisms, bacteria for example, whose cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. (visionlearning.com)
  • During this phase, the cell makes sure that its DNA is intact and that the chromosomes are correctly arranged in the nucleus. (careforlifee.com)
  • The cell's chromosomes are duplicated during this phase, but they remain in the nucleus. (careforlifee.com)
  • Each cell (except for red blood cells) contains a nucleus that houses these chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
  • Metaphase: The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in this phase. (careforlifee.com)
  • We've shown that muscle and bone marrow stem cells enter a stage of alertness in response to distant injury that allows them to spring into action more quickly. (stanford.edu)
  • Stem cells represent a very small percentage of bone marrow cells, and are normally quiescent. (justia.com)
  • The study focused on understanding the interaction between bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) and head and neck cancer (HNC) cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2. Presence of a FLT3 (ITD and/or TKD) or CBL mutation in a bone marrow or peripheral blood sample taken no more than 42-days prior to cycle 1 day 1 if treatment on this treatment arm. (who.int)
  • Thus, Clb5 and Clb2 use distinct mechanisms to enhance the phosphorylation of S-phase and M-phase substrates. (nature.com)
  • It further inhibited cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase by four different mechanisms: rapid downregulation of cyclin D1, induction of Chk2 with simultaneous downregulation of Cdc25A, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21 Cip/Waf and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity resulting in reduced dCTP and dTTP levels. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, one focus of our work is the identification of key mechanisms essential for the efficient generation (priming) and expansion (recall) of anti-viral or vaccine-induced T cell responses. (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
  • This phase is important because it ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. (careforlifee.com)
  • During this phase, the cell's chromosomes are separated into two equal sets, and each set is moved into a separate daughter cell. (careforlifee.com)
  • Prometaphase: In this phase, the chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers, which will help to pull them apart during division. (careforlifee.com)
  • The chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move to opposite ends of the cell. (careforlifee.com)
  • In Cell Division I: The Cell Cycle , we learned that Flemming observed how chromosomes became visible in patterns that repeated each time the cells of fire salamanders divided. (visionlearning.com)
  • In recent years, cell cycle regulators have been shown to exhibit roles in both tumor suppression and tumor promotion, particularly cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) p27 kip1 and p21 cip1 14 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Moderate or strong cytochrome CYP3A inhibitors are prohibited 7 days prior to cycle 1 day 1. (who.int)
  • This study provides fundamental insight into the functional impact of CDK4 inhibition on cells in the tumor microenvironment, which is of high importance and interest to the field. (elifesciences.org)
  • We sought to identify PKA phosphorylation sites in PLIN5 and assess their functional relevance in cultured cells and the livers of mice. (uci.edu)
  • Unfortunately, the dyes killed the cells, and since the structures under the microscope were difficult to see as it was, Flemming's forerunners weren't sure they were seeing anything characteristic of a live, functional cell. (visionlearning.com)
  • Here, we analyzed the different phases of regeneration after transplantation. (lu.se)
  • Treatment selection takes into account patient age, fitness, and whether autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is planned. (medscape.com)
  • In the metabolic symbiosis model, these cells have been proposed to overexpress MCT4 to release high amounts of lactate produced during anaerobic glycolysis into the tumor microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
  • The microenvironment of the cell and the interactions of many growth factors have a role in tumor development and survival [ 2 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In recent research, the tumor microenvironment has been shown to attract mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which is of particular interest due to its implications for cancer progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, we established a BCa cell model with downregulated LAPTM5, revealing a significantly delayed growth rate in the BCa cells with knockdown of LAPTM5. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Stable F98 glioma cell lines with MCT4 overexpression, normal expression, and knockdown were generated. (hindawi.com)
  • Rather, p53 accumulation by either knockdown of Mdm2 or addition of an Mdm2 inhibitor, Nutlin-3, before irradiation strongly attenuated the UV-induced DDR and increased cell survival. (rupress.org)
  • Cell cycle progression is faster in cells in which invadopodia are abolished (by Tks5 knockdown), evidenced by earlier induction of cyclins A and B. A close look at the regulators of G1 revealed that the overexpression of p27 kip1 , but not p21 cip1 , causes faster turnover of invadopodia and increased ECM degradation. (biorxiv.org)
  • We found that regenerating HSCs initially produced rapidly expanding progenitors and displayed distinct changes in fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, we observed molecular changes in cell cycle, MYC and mTOR signaling in both HSCs, and progenitor subsets. (lu.se)
  • Analysis of gene activity enabled identification of distinct subpopulations. (usc.edu)
  • The cdc25 gene product is a tyrosine phosphatase that acts as an initiator of M-phase in eukaryotic cell cycles by activating p34 cdc2 . (biologists.com)
  • Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
  • Phosphorylation of Clb5-specific targets during S phase was reduced by replacing Clb5 with Clb2 or by mutating the substrate RXL motif, confirming the importance of Clb5 specificity in vivo . (nature.com)
  • A series of signal transduction events starting from the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) to binding of E2F -target transcription to phosphorylation of Rb helps maintain cell-cycle progression. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)
  • DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
  • We found that CTL responses against MVA-produced antigens were dominated by cross-priming in vivo , despite the ability of the virus to efficiently infect professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) such as dendritic cells (DC). (uniklinik-duesseldorf.de)
  • G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" by people in this website by year, and whether "G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • Many more investigations have been made on cells, sorted according to size, or artificially arrested at various cell cycle checkpoints. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pretreatment with a stem-cell-activating protein significantly enhances healing in mice, Stanford researchers say. (stanford.edu)
  • Like drag car racers revving their engines at the starting line, stem cells respond more quickly to injury when they've been previously primed with one dose of a single protein, according to a study from the Stanford University School of Medicine . (stanford.edu)
  • Harnessing the power of this protein may one day help people recover more quickly from surgery or restore youthful vigor to aging stem cells. (stanford.edu)
  • In a 2014 paper published in Nature , Rodgers and Rando showed in laboratory mice that an injury to the muscle of one leg caused a change in the muscle stem cells of the other leg. (stanford.edu)
  • These cells entered what the researchers called an "alert" phase of the cell cycle that is distinct from either fully resting or fully active stem cells. (stanford.edu)
  • The fact that muscle stem cells distant from the injury were alerted indicated that the damaged muscle must release a soluble factor that can travel throughout the body to wake up quiescent stem cells. (stanford.edu)
  • After 2.5 days, the researchers found that muscle stem cells from the recipient animals were in an alert state and completed their first cell division much more quickly than occurred in animals that had received blood serum from uninjured mice. (stanford.edu)
  • Clearly, blood from the injured animal contains a factor that alerts the stem cells," said Rando. (stanford.edu)
  • It is also responsible for inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factors receptors, plateletderived growth factor receptors, and stem cell factor receptor [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • True stem cells are both pluripotent-that is they can give rise to all cell types-and capable of self-renewal. (justia.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) present a fast cell cycle with a short G1 phase. (upf.edu)
  • A study discovered a new underlying mechanism with stem cells causing the hair to turn gray, which could lead to potential treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Hair follicles contain several different types of cells, including melanocyte stem cells that generate cells that produce the pigment melanin responsible for hair color. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A new study in mice shows that these melanocyte stem cells migrate between two sites in the hair follicle during each cycle of hair growth and shedding- from a site where they produce the pigment for hair color to another where they produce stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The study found that aging results in a greater portion of these melanocyte stem cells getting stuck at the site where they produce stem cells, which leaves a smaller portion of stem cells to generate melanin-producing cells, resulting in the graying of hair. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The increase in the number of follicle growth cycles with aging is associated with deficits in melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) , the stem cells residing in the follicle that can form hair pigment-producing melanocytes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Melanocyte stem cells are found in two distinct locations at the base of each hair follicle. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Instead, a recent study published in Nature suggests that the McSCs can migrate back and forth between the two aforementioned locations, differentiating to produce hair pigment-producing melanocytes in the hair germ area and then translocating to the bulge and dedifferentiating to ensure the maintenance of an adequate supply of stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This results in fewer stem cells that can develop into pigment-producing melanocytes, thus leading to hair graying. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • D . , a cell biologist at New York University, said, "[Our] analysis revealed melanocyte stem cells are more dynamic/mobile than previously thought. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • We revealed that as melanocyte stem cells move within the hair follicle, stem cells can reversibly alter cell state from immature to mature state, and this reversibility is critical for the proper maintenance of these stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Dr. Ito also noted, "The study is built upon previous studies showing that maintaining healthy melanocyte stem cells is the key to preserving hair color. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Our study suggests that melanocyte stem cells are mobile but can start the regeneration of hair melanocytes only when they are present in a specific area within the hair follicle (hair germ compartment). (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Our study also suggests that melanocyte stem cell localization may be altered during the course of aging. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Among the wide variety of cells present in the hair follicle include stem cells . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Stem cells in the body are responsible for the regeneration of tissue in the body and can differentiate to form an array of specialized cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Specifically, the division of a stem cell can result in the formation of identical daughter stem cells and/or cells that can differentiate to assume different fates. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The stem cells in the hair follicle generate the cells to help regenerate hair follicle cells and facilitate hair growth. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In the final stages of the process, dying cells become fragmented into apoptotic bodies and consequently are eliminated by phagocytic cells without significant inflammatory damage to surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Did you know that every organ and tissue in your body was formed as the result of individual cells making copies of their DNA and separating themselves into two identical cells? (visionlearning.com)
  • then eight became 16 individual cells with identical DNA . (visionlearning.com)
  • Most plant and animal cells replicate by splitting into two identical daughter cells. (visionlearning.com)
  • Analysis of the changes of migration and invasion, showed significant reduced LAPTM5 suppressed cell metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Metastasis is a complex, multi-step process that is initiated when cancer cells in the primary tumor acquire invasive properties, including motility and the ability to breakdown the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1 , and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related mortalities 2 . (biorxiv.org)
  • When conditions are right, cells enter the S stage of the cell cycle and commit to DNA synthesis and replicate their chromosomal DNA. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Some cells replicate faster and others slower, and the entire process can be interrupted. (visionlearning.com)
  • In many insects, ecdysis, such as egg-hatching, pupation, and eclosion, each of which takes place once in the life cycle, occurs at a certain time of the day. (bioone.org)
  • Although spontaneous changes of [Ca 2+ ] i have been examined in immature cortical neurons, the calcium dynamics of cortical precursor cells have received less attention. (jneurosci.org)
  • Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that these events occurred primarily in precursor cells rather than in postmitotic neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • The morphological characteristics of these cells and immunohistochemical staining suggested that the coordinated events occurred in gap junction-coupled precursor cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cell division is the process by which a parent cell splits into two or more daughter cells. (careforlifee.com)
  • This dynamic oscillatory behavior is regulated by the activity of ECM receptor integrin β1, which determines the length of time a cell spends in each state. (biorxiv.org)
  • Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. (cancerindex.org)
  • Alternative splicing involves the differential joining of exonic sequences within a nascent pre-mRNA transcript, to form distinct mature mRNAs. (unil.ch)
  • Lluis Fajas at UNIL and investigated the role of the cell cycle regulator CDK4 in metabolism. (unil.ch)
  • We previously demonstrated that invasive cells oscillate between two distinct states, termed the Invadopodia state and the Migration state 10 . (biorxiv.org)
  • The Invadopodia state is characterized by cell stasis and the presence of invadopodia, whereas the Migration state is defined by cell translocation and the absence of invadopodia. (biorxiv.org)
  • The study also showed that the migration of the cells between these regions is disrupted with repeated hair follicle growth cycles. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Diagnosis is by identifying eggs or adult worms in stool, adult worms that migrate from the nose or mouth, or rarely larvae in sputum during the pulmonary migration phase. (msdmanuals.com)
  • To make the decision of whether to enter the cell cycle or not, cells integrate information from a variety of intracellular and extracellular signals. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In turn, the plant produces GA, which seems to combat the improper growth signals and re-establishes cell-cycle control. (nature.com)
  • When the cell receives signals for division, it moves to the S phase. (coursehero.com)
  • This allows for the spread of electrical and chemical signals to cells within a defined radial compartment within the VZ. (jneurosci.org)
  • The first thing that happens is that your body sends signals to the cells in the area to start dividing. (careforlifee.com)
  • This process is essential for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms, as it allows cells to differentiate into various types, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or blood cells, each with its own specialized function. (proprofs.com)
  • They have developed a method that can differentiate between the active motions characteristic of living cells and those driven by the random molecular movements that give rise to passive diffusion. (genengnews.com)
  • In other words, during each growth cycle, the McSCs can differentiate into a pigment-producing partially differentiated state and then revert back to an undifferentiated state. (medicalnewstoday.com)