• The properties of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons that innervate the distal colon are poorly defined, hindering our understanding of their roles in normal physiology and gastrointestinal (GI) disease. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are among the most abundant non-neuronal cells in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and closely envelop sensory neurons that detect painful stimuli. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Peripheral sensory neurons are classified based on characteristics such as anatomical structure, physiological responses to stimuli, and expression of gene markers. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Led by David Ginty, Harvard Medical School, Boston, US, researchers performed RNA sequencing of eight well-known, physiologically distinct subtypes of DRG neurons in mice. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Peripheral sensory neurons have previously been characterized and classified based on their molecular characteristics, but this study is the first effort to link molecular characteristics of DRG neuronal subtypes to physiological properties. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Prior studies from our laboratory using cochlear organotypic cultures isolated from postnatal day three rats (P3) have demonstrated that Mn causes significant and selective damage to sensory hair cells and auditory nerve fibers and spiral ganglion neurons in a time and concentration dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • This is because NCCs are a population of stem cell-like progenitors that delaminate and migrate to give rise to a dizzying array of cell types all throughout our bodies and most of the skull: pigment cells, sensory neurons, glia, cartilage, bone, connective tissue, smooth muscle, and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. (biologists.com)
  • Furthermore, we also found that the BTNs synapse onto neurons of the Motor Ganglion, the spinal cord homolog of tunicates. (biologists.com)
  • However, whereas a direct role for Sox10 activity has been established in pigment and glial lineages, this is more controversial in NC-derived sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). (silverchair.com)
  • We proposed that sox10 functioned in specification of sensory neurons, whereas others suggested that sensory neuronal defects were merely secondary to absence of glia. (silverchair.com)
  • Methods: We tested the effect of nociceptin on acid-induced cough in conscious guinea pigs and acid-induced nerve activation in airway-specific vagal sensory neurons using calcium imaging techniques and the gramicidin-perforated patch clamp technique. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In gramicidin-perforated patch clamp recordings on airway-specific capsaicin-sensitive jugular ganglion neurons, acid (pH 5) induced two distinct inward currents. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Neurons in sensory systems often pool inputs over arrays of presynaptic cells, giving rise to functional subunits inside a neuron's receptive field. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The method only requires the neuron's spiking responses under finely structured sensory stimulation and is therefore applicable to large populations of simultaneously recorded neurons. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The TRPM8 knockout mice 67-71-0 Autophagy research extra clearly point towards a function for TRPM8 in sensory neurons in physiological (somatosensation) and pathological circumstances (cold pain), specifically owing to their presence in C plus a fibers, commonly regarded as nociceptors [13, 35, 46]. (idhinhibitor.com)
  • This research is the first to produce induced pluripotent stem cell-derived inner ear sensory neurons in the Neurog1 +/− heterozygote mouse using blastocyst complementation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hearing depends on the mechano-sensory hair cells (HCs) and their innervating neurons, the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), which are responsible for transmitting auditory information from the HCs in the organ of Corti to the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ATP-gated P2X3 receptors of sensory ganglion neurons are important transducers of painful stimuli and are modulated by extracellular algogenic substances, via changes in the receptor phosphorylation state. (shengsci.com)
  • The adult C. elegans hermaphrodite has 302 neurons that belong to two distinct and independent nervous systems: a large somatic nervous system (282 neurons) and a small pharyngeal nervous system (20 neurons). (wormatlas.org)
  • Cell bodies of most neurons are clustered in ganglia in the head or tail ( NeuroFIG 1 ). (wormatlas.org)
  • A few single neurons, including ALM , CAN , or small groups of neurons (lateral ganglia), are also found along the lateral body wall. (wormatlas.org)
  • Neurons of the dorsal ganglion (neuron nuclei) become visible at this level. (wormatlas.org)
  • Notably, genetic deletion of Na V 1.1 in sensory neurons caused profound and visible motor coordination deficits in conditional knockout mice of both sexes, similar to conditional Piezo2-knockout animals, suggesting that this channel is a major contributor to sensory proprioceptive transmission. (elifesciences.org)
  • Thus, Na V 1.1 haploinsufficiency in sensory neurons impairs both proprioceptor function and motor behaviors. (elifesciences.org)
  • Using pharmacology, gene knockout, behavior, and histology in mice, the authors show quite convincingly that Na V 1.1 in sensory neurons is essential for normal motor behavior and contributes to proprioceptor excitability. (elifesciences.org)
  • As long-lived viral DNA within specific cellular reservoirs is responsible for persistent hepatitis B virus, Herpes simplex virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections, the discovery of AAV vectors with strong tropism for hepatocytes, sensory neurons and T cells, respectively, is of particular interest. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ENS forms a complete sensory-motor reflex composed of intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs), interneurons, and motor neurons. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Cortical and basal ganglia neurons maintain the highest level of control. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In flies, three paired thoracic ganglia are fused with the abdominal ganglion to form the ventral nerve cord (Power 1948 ), which is connected to the anterior brain via the cervical connective containing both ascending and descending neurons. (springer.com)
  • Ascending neurons provide sensory and motor feedback to the brain, whereas descending neurons carry sensory and motor-related information from the brain to central pattern generators in the posterior ganglia. (springer.com)
  • Descending neurons can thus initiate and modify behavior based on sensory input, and other higher order processing that takes place in the brain. (springer.com)
  • Indeed, orchestrating complex behavior using only 1100 descending neurons (Hsu and Bhandawat 2016 ), requires efficient integration of sensory input and motor output, as well as higher-order processing, such as learning. (springer.com)
  • In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)
  • We used single neuron recordings and controlled whisker deflections to examine responses of thalamocortical neurons to sensory stimulation in rat survivors of 9 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest incurred on post-natal day 17. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we present a comprehensive identification, classification, and validation of the neuron types in the neural crest (jugular) and placode (nodose) derived vagal ganglia by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) transcriptomic analysis. (nih.gov)
  • Previous classification efforts using similar methods have taken unbiased approaches to determine gene expression differences in sensory neuron populations. (iasp-pain.org)
  • This paper provides a resource of transcriptome profiles as well as distinct in vitro physiological properties of eight functionally and genetically defined somatosensory neuron subtypes," said co-first author Yang Zheng, who has since left the Ginty lab for a postdoc position in Elizabeth Hong's group at Caltech, Pasadena, US. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Although the peripheral nervous systems of tunicate larvae have several sensory neuron subtypes 9 , none of them have been decisively linked to NCCs, either because they do not arise from the neural plate borders or because they more closely resemble non-NCC-derived sensory cells in vertebrates. (biologists.com)
  • Here we provide evidence that in zebrafish,early DRG sensory neuron survival is independent of differentiated glia. (silverchair.com)
  • Critically, we demonstrate that Sox10 is expressed transiently in the sensory neuron lineage, and specifies sensory neuron precursors by regulating the proneural gene neurogenin1 . (silverchair.com)
  • A key step toward understanding the processing of sounds by striatal circuits and the role of different striatal cells in auditory learning is the characterization of sound-evoked responses by distinct striatal neuron classes in naive animals. (eneuro.org)
  • The organization of these subunits provides a signature of the neuron's presynaptic functional connectivity and determines how the neuron integrates sensory stimuli. (ed.ac.uk)
  • D. At a slightly more medial level, multiple labial neuron and support cell nuclei become visible anterior to the NR around the anterior bulb, whereas more lateral ganglion nuclei are visible posterior to the NR. Magnification, 600x. (wormatlas.org)
  • conversely, its contribution to peripheral sensory neuron function is more enigmatic. (elifesciences.org)
  • therefore, our data suggest that sensory neuron dysfunction contributes to the clinical manifestations of neurological disorders in which Na V 1.1 function is compromised. (elifesciences.org)
  • It is the largest and most complex part of the peripheral nervous system, being organized into distinct neuron networks within the gut wall, where individual small ganglia are interconnected by dense fiber bundles. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Gamma (γ) and beta (β) oscillations seem to play complementary functions in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuit (CBGT) during motor behavior. (jneurosci.org)
  • The striatum, as the primary input structure of the basal ganglia and a target of extensive dopaminergic inputs, is ideally positioned to influence behavioral responses to sensory stimuli according to context and previous rewards. (eneuro.org)
  • It results from dysfunction of the language centers in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia or of the white matter pathways that connect them. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In this chapter, we analyzed the density and distribution of cells of the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) and estimated the upper limits of the spatial resolving power of 12 species of snakes from the Colubridae family, 6 diurnal and 6 nocturnal, which inhabit different habitats. (intechopen.com)
  • The superior colliculus mediates a set of innate behaviors, receiving input from >30 retinal ganglion cell types and projecting to behaviorally important targets including the pulvinar and parabigeminal nucleus. (sissa.it)
  • 30 retinal ganglion cell types and projecting to behaviorally important targets including the pulvinar and parabigeminal nucleus. (sissa.it)
  • Rhythmic activity in the brain is thought to reflect coordinated network activity and to influence single-cell responses during sensory, cognitive, and motor behaviors ( Buzsáki, 2006 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • We have investigated the ontogeny of light-driven responses in mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). (biorxiv.org)
  • The identified subunit layouts allow improved predictions of ganglion cell responses to natural stimuli and reveal shared bipolar cell input into distinct types of ganglion cells. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Proceeding in an ascending pathway, the second control step occurs in the prevertebral ganglia, which mediates visceral reflex responses [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Emotional stimuli are processed very effi ciently, infl uencing physiological and behavioral responses as well as attention, perceptual processes and sensory-motor integration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Functional aspects of this system, such as peristaltic movements, substance transport, and local blood flow, are regulated by an intrinsic network of neuronal ganglia known as the enteric nervous system (ENS). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • These nerve plexuses are organized into two layers of neuronal ganglia and enteroglial cells that are interconnected: The myenteric plexus (Auerbach plexus) and the submucosa plexus (Meissner plexus). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Conclusions The lateral arcading branches of the DNP provide a sensory pathway on the ventral and lateral penile shaft, and the termination of the fibres at the corpus spongiosum is consistent with pudendal innervation of the penile urethra. (cirp.org)
  • In contrast, the nodose ganglion contains 18 distinct types dedicated to surveying the physiological state of the internal body. (nih.gov)
  • However, it is essential that neural crest and placodes associate together throughout embryonic development to coordinate the emergence of several features in the head, including almost all of the cranial peripheral sensory nervous system and organs of special sense. (frontiersin.org)
  • Tenascin-R mRNA was expressed by distinct neural cell types in the unlesioned olivocerebellar system. (researchgate.net)
  • Although pharmacologic manipulation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and the neural pathways that mediate photophobia may be possible in the future, current therapies are directed at the underlying cause of the photophobia and optical modulation of these cells and pathways. (researchgate.net)
  • We showed that the BTNs receive synaptic inputs from sensory cells embedded in the epidermis of the tail 11 . (biologists.com)
  • This developmentally important process is crucial not only for the representation of different sensory inputs but also for their integration. (mdpi.com)
  • Combining transsynaptic circuit tracing with in vivo and ex vivo electrophysiological recordings, we observed a projection-specific logic where each collicular output pathway sampled a distinct set of retinal inputs. (sissa.it)
  • Single-Cell Analysis of Dorsal Root Ganglia Reveals Metalloproteinase Signaling in Satellite Glial Cells and Pain. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of tumor cells from the primary tumors reveals a distinct transcriptional signature that is predictive of metastatic potential and patient survival. (pklab.org)
  • Applied to recordings from ganglion cells in the salamander retina, the method retrieves the receptive fields of presynaptic bipolar cells, as verified by simultaneous bipolar and ganglion cell recordings. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The delivery of proteins to the presynaptic terminals of guinea pig retinal ganglion cells by two of the major components of axonal transport, and the subsequent persistence and turnover of those proteins were examined in this study. (shengsci.com)
  • The visual response properties of retinal ganglion cells correlated well with those of their disynaptic targets. (sissa.it)
  • HA-positive cells are concentrated mostly in the brain, while GABA-positive cell somata contribute equally to brain and segmental ganglia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both substances were revealed in high numbers in bipolar sensory cells in the palps. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent evidence indicates that the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells play a key role in the pathophysiology of photophobia. (researchgate.net)
  • Because correlations increased information consistency, they enhanced the conversion of sensory information into behavioral choices, overcoming their detrimental information-limiting effects. (nature.com)
  • B. On the lateral side are left-side lateral ganglion nuclei posterior to the NR. C. At a more medial level, more NR fibers are seen extending from the VNC and growing around the isthmus ( black circle ). (wormatlas.org)
  • Many insects have an anterior, cephalic brain which is largely devoted to processing sensory information, and more posterior ganglia in the thorax and abdomen, which generate the motor commands that control, e.g. neck, wing and leg movements. (springer.com)
  • Through the pterygopalatine ganglion, this causes ocular vasodilation and activation of ocular trigeminal afferents through the trigemino-autonomic reflex [85]. (researchgate.net)
  • This NO-induced K ATP channel activation was not altered in ganglia from animals that demonstrated sustained hyperalgesia-type response to nociceptive stimulation following spinal nerve ligation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using sensory information to trigger different behaviors relies on circuits that pass through brain regions. (sissa.it)
  • In the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, hunger has a significant impact on its sensory systems and brain functions, and consequently modifies related behaviors. (sdbonline.org)
  • In vitro electrophysiological recordings revealed distinct electrical stimulus-evoked signatures for each of the eight populations. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Sensory neurones co-express voltage-gated sodium channels that mediate TTX-sensitive (TTX-S) and TTX-resistant (TTX-R) currents, which may contribute to chronic pain after nerve injury. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, correlations in association cortex can benefit task performance even if they decrease sensory information. (nature.com)
  • This approach led Flourens to conclude that the various sensory and motor functions are not localized to specific regions in the cerebral cortex. (slideserve.com)
  • The second largest collection of cell bodies is in the tail ganglia (the left lumbar ganglion and preanal ganglion are shown). (wormatlas.org)
  • Additionally, this approach corrected non-sensory deficits associated with Neurog1 heterozygosity, indicating that complementation is specific to endogenous Neurog1 function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Each cell population has its own distinct developmental features and generates unique cell types. (frontiersin.org)
  • Species differences in the retinal specializations, i.e., areas of higher cell density, among the species, represent specific regions of the visual field of higher importance for a better spatial resolution and indicate distinct evolutionary pressures on the structures of the visual system, which can be related to many aspects of the species evolutionary history. (intechopen.com)
  • However, it is not clear whether different striatal cell classes code for distinct features of sounds or how different striatal output pathways may use acoustic information to guide behavior. (eneuro.org)
  • Ganglion cell proteins were radiolabeled by intravitreal injection of radiolabeled am. (shengsci.com)
  • We previously demonstrated that TTX-R channels were decreased acutely in human sensory cell bodies after central axotomy, but accumulated in nerve terminals after peripheral axotomy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • PN1 showed temporal changes similar to the TTX-R channels in sensory cell bodies of injured DRG. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Aphasia is distinct from developmental disorders of language and from dysfunction of the motor pathways and muscles that produce speech (dysarthria). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The neuropathy was axonal in all, in five pure sensory and in four sensorimotor. (bmj.com)
  • Infection with the herpes virus is categorized into one of several distinct disorders based on the site of infection. (biopremier.com)
  • Sensory functions of the vagus nerve are critical for conscious perceptions and for monitoring visceral functions in the cardio-pulmonary and gastrointestinal systems. (nih.gov)
  • Serotonin is a monoamine that acts as an important signal molecule in various processes such as the regulation of muscle contraction, sensory processes and regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurogenesis [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The very first level occurs in the ENS, where it depends on the myenteric ganglia, sub-mucosae ganglion, and EGCs [ 7 ] [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • C-LTMRs, for example, displayed delayed firing patterns that were distinct from the strong adaptation of Aδ-LTMRs. (iasp-pain.org)
  • PNI and Brain III are distinct targets for novel analgesics. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Global brain hypoxia-ischemia during cardiac arrest has a long-term impact on processing and transfer of sensory information by thalamic circuitry. (cdc.gov)
  • The clinical spectrum of peripheral neuropathies encountered in Sjögren syndrome patients is wide, 6-9 with sensory neuropathies being the most common. (bmj.com)