AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
Cell CycleSpindle ApparatusMitosisCell Cycle ProteinsMeiosisMicrotubulesG1 PhaseOocytesMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsS PhaseTubulinCyclinsDisease ProgressionCDC2 Protein KinaseChromosomesG2 PhaseCell DivisionCyclin BMuscle SpindlesProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesCyclin-Dependent KinasesSaccharomyces cerevisiaeCell Cycle CheckpointsPhosphorylationCryopreservationCell ProliferationSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsMutationRetinoblastoma ProteinNuclear ProteinsCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27Molecular Sequence DataSchizosaccharomyces pombe ProteinsSchizosaccharomycesDNA ReplicationCentrosomeCell NucleusInterphaseCyclin-Dependent Kinase 2DNA-Binding ProteinsFungal ProteinsSignal TransductionCell Line, TumorApoptosisCyclin D1AnaphaseHeLa CellsGenes, FungalCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase ComplexesCyclin EProtein KinasesAnaphase-Promoting Complex-CyclosomeTranscription FactorsMetaphaseNocodazoleCyclin ACell LineAmino Acid SequenceStarfishTime FactorsCyclin B1Genes, cdcKinetochoresE2F Transcription FactorsRNA, MessengerCyclin-Dependent Kinase 4Transcription, GeneticBase SequenceCDC2-CDC28 KinasesXenopus ProteinsModels, BiologicalG0 PhaseChromosome SegregationGene Expression Regulation, FungalTumor Suppressor Protein p53E2F1 Transcription FactorDNA DamageTumor Suppressor Proteinscdc25 PhosphatasesFlow CytometryCells, CulturedAurora KinasesG2 Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsPhenotypeTumor Cells, CulturedM Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsProtein BindingBlotting, WesternRNA, Small InterferingZygoteRNA InterferenceFertilizationXenopusCyclin DGene Expression RegulationTelophaseKinesinCell SurvivalSpores, Fungal
ProliferationApoptosisMitosisCytoskeletonArrestCheckpointPathwayDifferentiationChromosomeRegulationChromosomalMammalianCytoplasmCentrosomesCentrosomeTumorigenesisChromosomesCytokinesisPhenotypeDownregulationPathwaysInducesMalignantInterphaseMicrotubulesMutationsKinasesKinaseProteinTumorsMechanismsCellularDefectsNucleusRolesBiolInhibits cell replicationStructuresPrognosisBasalFormationReplicationAdhesionDivisionTumourTransitionProphaseGeneRegulatesCentriolesTissuesCancerSynthesisProteinsBiologyInhibitionEukaryotic cellsFunctionalEpithelial cellsOccurs
Proliferation19
  • Further, high NEK2 expression promoted proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of HCC cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
  • The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
  • Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
  • These results indicate that JNK activity may regulate cell proliferation through the regulation of cell cycles. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Our results strongly support the idea that SP600125 inhibits cell proliferation by inhibiting mitosis through extended tubulin polymerization. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
  • It exerts cytotoxic effect by inhibiting rapid proliferation of cancer cells. (medscape.com)
  • This causes cell proliferation to arrest in the late S or early G2 portion of the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Since 1858, when Rudolf Virchow formulated the idea that cancer cells are the body's own cells ( Virchow, 1858 ), many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of cancer cells and how they develop such a heterogenetic morphology, increased proliferation, metastatic capacity, and invasive behavior. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we have determined the mechanism of inhibition of cell proliferation in TRAIP-depleted cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Features of tissue morphogenesis were assessed, including proliferation, basement membrane formation, polarization of alpha-6 beta-4 integrin to the basement membrane, formation of cell:cell junctions, and apoptosis for luminal clearance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Universal features of breast cancer include a loss of control of cell proliferation and organization, a loss of cell polarity, as well as a loss of cell: cell adhesion and cell: basement membrane adhesion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum , loss of the CLN5 homolog, cln5 , impacts various cellular and developmental processes including cell proliferation, cytokinesis, aggregation, cell adhesion, and terminal differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pharmacological USP7 inhibition by P5091 retarded cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By overexpressing PLK1, USP7 that had been depleted by RNAi ceased to induce chromosome misalignment in mitosis and again supported cell proliferation and cell survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types. (lookformedical.com)
  • The most significant pathways and BPs that were deregulated in the primary disease condition were associated with the cell cycle and fibroblast proliferation procedures. (genominfo.org)
Apoptosis13
  • The encoded protein plays a role in many cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA repair and apoptosis by regulating the activity of protein phosphatase 1. (nih.gov)
  • That SP600125 induces endoreduplication signals, promotes tubulin polymerization, a critical process in cell division, and induces delayed apoptosis in leukemia Aurora kinases cells. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Cellular apoptosis (ie, programmed cell death) is another potential mechanism of many antineoplastic agents. (medscape.com)
  • These paclitaxel resistant ovarian cells demonstrate: (1) Increased IC 50 for paclitaxel and docetaxel (10 to 75-fold) and cross-resistance to anthracyclines (2) Reduced cell apoptosis in the presence of paclitaxel (3) Gene depletion involving mitotic regulators BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase, cyclin BI (CCNB1), centromere protein E (CENPE), and centromere protein F (CENPF), and (4) Functional data validating gene depletion among mitotic regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
  • cells have been found in association with cytotrophoblasts and present a periarteriolar attention around maternal bloodstream in metrial gland and decidua.In the mouse, it was described that after mid gestation some of these cells introduced DNA fragmentation, binucleation, indicating a failure in cytokinesis and enlargement of the cytoplasm accompanied by degranulation suggesting that these cells undergo apoptosis and/or necrosis. (pimpathway.com)
  • The activation of caspase 3, obtained in our experiments, suggested the occurrence of apoptosis in the uterine maternal tissues, indicating that the decidua and metrial gland is suffering on day 14 maximum caspase activation, leading to a programmed cell death, which might explain the regression histologically located on this day, along with our previous studies using the TUNEL assay and active caspase 3 expression. (pimpathway.com)
  • Pim-1 is mainly involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcriptional activation. (pimsignaling.com)
  • Cell apoptosis or cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and chromosome misalignment was observed by a fluorescent microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • USP7 inhibition induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle G2/M arrest, and overcomes taxane resistance by inducing the protein degradation of PLK1, resulting in chromosome misalignment in mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • USP7 specifically dequbiquitinates and stabilizes both p53 and MDM2 to various degrees, and USP7 inhibition is expected to inactivate MDM2 and activate p53, thereby leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in cancer cells with functional p53 signaling [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The available data suggest that USP7 inhibitors induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells through the p53 pathway, and sensitize cancer cells to PARP inhibitor-induced cell death [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
Mitosis17
  • The protein controls the nucleation of microtubules by interacting with the microtubule nucleation component γ-tubulin, thus anchoring the γ-tubulin ring complex to the centrosome, which is essential for bipolar spindle formation and chromosome assembly in early mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently, certain cancer chemotherapy agents have been found to exert their anticancer activities by disrupting the dynamics of microtubule assembly, thus perturbing the formation and function of the mitotic spindle apparatus and arresting cells in mitosis. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Inhibition of NEK6 can lead to the termination of mitosis, chromatin spindle defects, and abnormal chromosomal differentiation [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • But what all these life forms have in common is that their genetic code is copied from cell to cell thanks to the process of mitosis, whereby the nucleus of a cell splits into two before the cell divides. (visionlearning.com)
  • The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell splits into two identical daughter nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)
  • The rate at which mitosis occurs depends on the cell type. (visionlearning.com)
  • EB1-null cells also exhibit decreased adhesion during mitosis. (biologists.com)
  • Our data reveal a spindle-directed signalling pathway that regulates SCAR activity, migration and adhesion at mitosis. (biologists.com)
  • Mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS) is an unusual form of DNA replication that occurs during mitosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • At the onset of mitosis, centrosomes become the core structures of spindle poles and direct the formation of mitotic spindles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In early mitosis, the cohesion between the two pairs of centrioles is broken and each of them participates in the formation of the mitotic spindle pole. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During mitosis the two centrosomes are present and form the mitotic spindle poles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As each chromosome contains a single centromere, it remains unclear how acentric fragments derived from shattered chromosomes are inherited between daughter cells during mitosis 6 . (nature.com)
  • Here we tracked micronucleated chromosomes with live-cell imaging and show that acentric fragments cluster in close spatial proximity throughout mitosis for asymmetric inheritance by a single daughter cell. (nature.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Further studies showed that P5091 induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and particularly induced chromosome misalignment, indicating the key roles of USP7 in mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
Cytoskeleton3
  • This ensures normal function and organization of the centrosomes, mitotic spindles, and cytoskeleton, and by extension, regulation over cell cycle progression and checkpoints. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, SP600125 has a strong anticancer effect against leukemia cells in a dose and time dependent manner by promoting tubulin polymerization and disrupting the organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Centrosomes nucleate the formation of the microtubule cytoskeleton in interphase cells and form the poles of the mitotic spindle during cell division. (elifesciences.org)
Arrest5
  • Therefore, the upregulation of p21 expression may contribute to G2 M arrest in the early stages, and then Cdk2 may regulate endoreduplication by treating leukemia cells in the middle stages in the presence of SP600125. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • We conclude that upon rapid TRAIP degradation, specifically in S-phase, cells cease to proliferate, arrest in G2 stage of the cell cycle and undergo senescence. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interest in ALMS1 is heightened by the recent discovery of its involvement in neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, a process with potential relevance to regenerative medicine. (springer.com)
  • Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)
  • MCF-10AT cells grown in three-dimensional basement membrane culture form complex multi-acinar structures that produce a basement membrane but undergo delayed cell cycle arrest and have incomplete luminal development. (biomedcentral.com)
Checkpoint10
  • Downregulation of PCNT disrupted mitotic checkpoints and arrested the cell at the G2/M checkpoint, leading to cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • It also directly binds to BubR1, a kinetochore-associated kinase implicated in the mitotic checkpoint, the major cell cycle control pathway in which unattached kinetochores prevent anaphase onset. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, CENP-E is required for enhancing recruitment of its binding partner BubR1 to each unattached kinetochore and for stimulating BubR1 kinase activity, implicating it as an essential amplifier of a basal mitotic checkpoint signal. (rupress.org)
  • The early preinvasive stage was characterized by cell-cycle checkpoint activation triggered by DNA replication stress and dramatic downregulation of basic transmembrane signaling processes that maintain epithelial/stromal homeostasis in the normal mucosa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The G2 M checkpoint is especially important in protecting normal cells from tumor formation driven by the accumulation of mutations. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Therefore, elimination of the checkpoint increases the sensitivity of human tumor cell lines to anticancer agents. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We have generated model systems to explore drug resistance in ovarian cancer, which have revealed a key pathway related to the spindle assembly checkpoint underlying paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous evidence points to numerous components of the spindle assembly checkpoint and mitotic regulation playing a major role in several cancers [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lastly, through gene expression profiling we have demonstrated disruption of the spindle assembly checkpoint in the paclitaxel resistant cell lines, indicating a potential therapeutic pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway4
  • ORC1b is expressed in both proliferating and endoreplicating cells, accumulates during G1 and is rapidly degraded upon S-phase entry through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • The download Hanging Sam: A Military Biography of General of Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Proteins( IGFBPs) phase 50 response pathway good research with reviewed N cell and C formation enzymes binding for conjugating Insulin like Growth Factors I and II( IGF I and IGF II). (evakoch.com)
  • Proteolytic activity of caspase 8 had the same report as caspase 9 indicating the pres-ence of the death receptor dependent signalling pathway, as caspase 8 is the initiator caspase associated with the Fas mediated cell death on the other hand. (pimpathway.com)
  • However, the precise function of CLN5 in the cell and the pathway(s) regulating its function are not well understood. (frontiersin.org)
Differentiation2
  • However, the tumour cells have undergone hypermutation, 21 23 a feature of the GC reaction during B-cell activation and differentiation. (bmj.com)
  • Here we report on the growth and differentiation properties of these three matched cell lines in three-dimensional basement membrane culture. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromosome2
  • The stochastic inheritance of chromosome fragments by both newly formed daughter cells could in part contribute to the alternating DNA copy-number states that are characteristic of chromothripsis 2 . (nature.com)
  • The maintenance of a single centromere per chromosome is critical for establishing bipolar microtubule attachments to the mitotic spindle and achieving high-fidelity genome segregation 17 . (nature.com)
Regulation2
  • In addition HIV-1 Vpr protein alters the cell-cycle regulation by hijacking centrosome functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the functional and pathological significance of MUC1, MUC4 and MUC5AC in Computer progression and their regulation by inflammatory setting inside the human disorder, we analyzed the irritation in the pancreas of KrasG12DPdx1 Cre mice. (micrornainhibitors.com)
Chromosomal3
  • 26 27 In contrast, the chromosomal breakpoint in sBL and HIV-associated BL occurs most commonly in the class switch region, 28 but since both somatic hypermutation and class switching are events that are normally confined to GC B cells and GC centroblast markers are expressed on BL cells, the BL progenitor cells most likely arise from B cells subjected to chromosomal rearrangements in the GC. (bmj.com)
  • and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)
  • Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. (lookformedical.com)
Mammalian3
  • The best understood of these involves myosin-II-dependent constriction around the cell equator, but both Dictyostelium and mammalian cells also use a parallel, adhesion-dependent mechanism to generate furrows. (biologists.com)
  • Single-cell transcriptomic signatures and gene regulatory networks modulated by W1s in mammalian midline facial formation and clefts. (stowers.org)
  • Epithelial to mesenchymal transition during mammalian neural crest cell delamination. (stowers.org)
Cytoplasm4
  • The protein encoded by this gene is expressed in the cytoplasm and centrosome throughout the cell cycle, and to a lesser extent, in the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, during recent decades, in several transfer experiments (nucleus and mitochondrial transfer) the tumor-suppressing effect of normal cytoplasm, as well as of normal mitochondria, could be demonstrated, despite the presence of cancerous nuclear genomes ( Seyfried, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Inactivation of CIP2A-TOPBP1 caused acentric fragments to disperse throughout the mitotic cytoplasm, stochastically partition into the nucleus of both daughter cells and aberrantly misaccumulate as cytoplasmic DNA. (nature.com)
  • Histologically, BL cells are monomorphic medium sized cells with round nuclei, a number of nucleoli and abundant cytoplasm. (bmj.com)
Centrosomes5
  • Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing structures in vertebrate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Centrosomes were first described at the end of the 19th century by Theodor Boveri who had also the intuition of their central role in cell life [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Centrosomes are animal-specific non-membranous organelles that localize in close proximity to the cell nucleus for the duration of interphase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In animal cells, centrosomes represent the major microtubule-organizing structures (MTOC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The number of centrosomes within a cell is strictly controlled [ 5 ] (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Centrosome7
Tumorigenesis2
  • This allowed us to distinguish between pathways whose dysregulation is probably necessary throughout tumorigenesis and those whose involvement specifically drives progression from one stage to the next. (biomedcentral.com)
  • miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Chromosomes9
Cytokinesis2
Phenotype2
  • Loss of SCAR in both Dictyostelium and Drosophila leads to a similar mitotic phenotype, with severe mitotic blebbing, indicating conserved functionality. (biologists.com)
  • 17 - 22 The cell surface phenotype of BL tumour cells reflects a GC origin but the site of tumour growth is frequently the jaw or ovary, neither of which normally contain GCs. (bmj.com)
Downregulation1
  • S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). (biomedcentral.com)
Pathways6
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Random set analysis was used to identify biological pathways enriched for genes differentially regulated in tumors (compared with 59 samples of normal mucosa). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell division requires the tight coordination of multiple cytoskeletal pathways. (biologists.com)
  • were able to show that the introduction of non-cancerous mitochondria into highly malignant breast cancer cells could reverse malignancy and down-regulate several oncogenic pathways such as invasion, in vivo tumor growth, and others. (frontiersin.org)
  • P-Tex cells could aggregate in the antigen-presenting cell niches and activate certain signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
  • Notably, exposure of cancer cells to TTFields has been shown to result in immunogenic cell death, which is reflected by damage-associated molecular patterns and the formation of micronuclei that further activate DNA sensor-related inflammatory pathways, indicating the immunomodulatory role for TTFields. (conditionmed.org)
Induces1
  • Etoposide is an epipodophyllotoxin that induces DNA strand breaks by disrupting topoisomerase II activity. (medscape.com)
Malignant9
  • Although the intended target is the malignant cells of Hodgkin lymphoma, the effects of chemotherapy on normal cells of the body are considerable and account for the adverse effects observed with these agents. (medscape.com)
  • This difference allows normal cells to recover more quickly than malignant ones after chemotherapy and is the rationale behind current cyclic dosage schedules. (medscape.com)
  • The pre-malignant MCF-10AT cells and malignant MCF-10CA1a lines were sequentially derived from the MCF-10A parental cell line first by expression of a constitutively active T24 H-Ras generating the MCF-10AT cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The matched series of normal MCF-10A, pre-malignant MCF-10AT, and malignant MCF-10CA1a cells offers a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms of malignant progression both in a three-dimensional microenvironment and in the same cell background. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, the MCF-10A series of matched cell lines provides a complete spectrum of cell phenotypes, from normal to pre-malignant to fully malignant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
  • Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
  • Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. (lookformedical.com)
Interphase1
  • They localize in close proximity to the nucleus for the duration of interphase and play major roles in numerous cell functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Microtubules1
  • Disruption of the Pebble-interacting domain leaves Tum localised to the cell equator on cortically associated microtubules, again with no evidence of furrowing. (biologists.com)
Mutations4
  • This finding stands in contrast to the mutation hypothesis because, if mutations really are the exclusive cause of cancer, then how can the hypothesis explain, on the one hand, the existence of cancers without mutations , and on the other, the fact that normal tissues can display massive genetic changes including changes in cancer-initiating and cancer-driving genes? (frontiersin.org)
  • TRAIP is essential for cell viability, and mutations in TRAIP ubiquitin ligase activity lead to primordial dwarfism in patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens-factors in the environment which can damage DNA and generate mutations. (jove.com)
  • If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are disrupted. (jove.com)
Kinases1
  • Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Regulates Aurora Kinases and Mitotic Progression. (nih.gov)
Kinase2
  • By analysing tum/RacGAP50C mutant Drosophila embryos we show that cells lacking Tum do not form furrows and fail to localise the key cytokinetic components Pebble (a RhoGEF), Aurora B kinase, Diaphanous, Pav-KLP and Anillin. (biologists.com)
  • Centriole duplication occurs once per cell cycle and is regulated by Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4). (elifesciences.org)
Protein11
  • Centromere-associated protein-E (CENP-E) is an essential mitotic kinesin that is required for efficient, stable microtubule capture at kinetochores. (rupress.org)
  • The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
  • Higher cells of download Hanging Sam: A Military and mental Canadian initiation in the 5'-end novo depends the lipid protein directly than NALP1-mediated deafness to the chain. (evakoch.com)
  • By performing cell biological and biochemical experiments using human cells, Moyer and Holland show that PLK4 interacts with a protein called STIL that is found in the central part of the centriole. (elifesciences.org)
  • The modification of STIL at a specific location by PLK4 was needed to link it to another protein in the outer wall of the centriole, and was also necessary for the cells to build new centrioles. (elifesciences.org)
  • The protein is phosphorylated in a cell-cycle dependent manner, with late prophase phosphorylation remaining through metaphase. (cancerindex.org)
  • In addition to the effect on the respiratory parameters, neutrophil infiltration and chemoattractant expression, we examined the effect of VT30 and iPSC CM government on the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 2, nitrate/nitrite, malondialdehyde and whole glutathione from lung cells in wild type recipients and Akt heterozygous knockout recipients. (pimpathway.com)
  • 1 BL tumour cells usually express IgM, 13 - 15 B-cell markers such as CD19, CD20 and CD22 and markers of germinal centre (GC) centroblasts such as CD10, BCL6 4 and the human germinal centre-associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein. (bmj.com)
  • During growth, genes associated with protein ubiquitination/deubiquitination, cell cycle progression, and proteasomal degradation were affected, while genes linked to protein and carbohydrate catabolism were affected during early development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Protein stability is critical for normal cellular homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • USP7 was originally identified as a binding partner for the herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected cell protein and named herpes-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumors10
  • Tumor xenograft data from Balb/c nude mice demonstrated that HCC cells with high NEK2 expression formed larger tumors than those with low NEK2 expression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cell-division rates vary for different tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Most common cancers grow slowly compared with normal tissues, and the growth rate may be decreased in large tumors. (medscape.com)
  • This is supported by studies in knockout mice showing development of soft-tissue sarcomas, ovarian stromal cell tumors and a high sensitivity to carcinogenic treatments. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that functions as a tumor suppressor of lung tumors. (cancerindex.org)
  • This was followed by repeated selection for increasingly aggressive tumor formation from cells recovered from xenograft tumors in immuno-compromised mice, generating the MCF-10CA1a cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When inoculated subcutaneously into the flanks of immuno-compromised mice, MCF-10AT cells occasionally form tumors, whereas MCF-10CA1a cells invariably form tumors with a shorter latency than MCF-10AT derived tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MCF-10CA1a cells grown in three-dimensional basement membrane culture form large, hyper-proliferative masses, that retain few characteristics of MCF10A acini and more closely resemble tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. (lookformedical.com)
  • B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. (lookformedical.com)
Mechanisms6
  • We have generated paclitaxel resistant ovarian cell lines from their corresponding native cell lines to determine driver mechanisms of drug resistance using gene expression arrays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These pre-clinical models were used to observe cytotoxicity, cell cycle modulation and changes in gene expression to examine the mechanisms driving drug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the mechanisms controlling their availability during the cell cycle are less well defined. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cells are key players in at least some of these mechanisms. (stanford.edu)
  • One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). (lookformedical.com)
  • Future research using Muc4 knock out and MUC4 transgenic animals about the KrasG12D murine back ground can help delineate the molecular mechanisms and contribution of Muc4 in Computer progression and metas tasis. (micrornainhibitors.com)
Cellular2
  • Meiosis is a specialized cellular program required to create haploid gametes from diploid parent cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • These cellular changes c-Met Inhibitor were also detected in our animal type, which supports the event of cell death and indicates that the prominence of Bax expression could be accountable for the cell death observed in the conclusion of pregnancy. (pimpathway.com)
Defects1
Nucleus2
  • For a century, the nucleus has been the focus of extensive investigations in cell biology. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)
Roles1
  • Centrioles play critical roles in organizing the assembly of the mitotic spindle and templating the formation of primary cilia. (elifesciences.org)
Biol3
Inhibits cell replication1
Structures5
  • Scientists in the preceding years had already been seeing faint structures in cells , but their dyes were not good enough to reveal what any of these structures did. (visionlearning.com)
  • Throughout the 19th century, as microscopes developed, scientists had been seeing clues of structures in dividing cells of eukaryotes . (visionlearning.com)
  • Unfortunately, the dyes killed the cells, and since the structures under the microscope were difficult to see as it was, Flemming's forerunners weren't sure they were seeing anything characteristic of a live, functional cell. (visionlearning.com)
  • For this reason, the first function of any cell is to prevent the permanent threat of disintegration that is described by thermodynamic laws and to preserve highly ordered cell characteristics such as structures, the cell cycle, or metabolism. (frontiersin.org)
  • New replacement cells-the progeny of basal stem cells-are born without barrier-forming structures such as a specialized apical membrane and occluding junctions. (stanford.edu)
Prognosis2
  • The survival prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely different, and little is known about the anti-tumor mechanism of tumor-infiltrated exhausted CD8 + T cells (Tex) in HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
  • Together, our findings suggest a promising role for P-Tex cells in the prognosis of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC by providing modest but persistent anti-tumor effects. (elifesciences.org)
Basal1
  • In quiescent cells, centrioles dock at the plasma membrane and act as basal bodies that template the formation of cilia and flagella ( Breslow and Holland, 2019 ). (elifesciences.org)
Formation5
  • It is presumed to stop the metaphase stage therefore preventing microtubule formation in the mitotic spindle. (medscape.com)
  • Sequencing of daughter cell pairs derived from micronucleated mother cells demonstrated that complex rearrangements are indeed a common outcome of micronucleus formation. (nature.com)
  • Although the positioning signal is likely to be transmitted via the anaphase microtubule array to the cell cortex, exactly how the microtubule array determines the site of contractile ring formation remains unresolved. (biologists.com)
  • These data support a model in which Tum/RacGAP, via its interaction with Pbl, provides a critical link between the anaphase microtubule spindle and cytokinetic furrow formation in Drosophila cells. (biologists.com)
  • To further examine the effect of gene dosage of ZNF804A on neurite morphology, both knockdown and overexpression of ZNF804A in primary neuronal cells significantly attenuate dendritic complex and spine formation. (biomedcentral.com)
Replication5
  • In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Rapidly dividing mouse pluripotent stem cells are highly transcriptionally active and experience elevated replication stress, yet paradoxically maintain genome integrity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we study FOXD3, a transcriptional repressor enriched in pluripotent stem cells, and show that its repression of transcription upon S phase entry is critical to minimizing replication stress and preserving genome integrity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Initially, MiDAS was characterized as a process associated with intrinsically unstable loci known as common fragile sites that occurs after cells experience DNA replication stress (RS). (bvsalud.org)
Adhesion1
  • Additionally, cln5 - cells displayed increased intracellular and extracellular amounts of discoidin, which is involved in cell-substrate adhesion and migration. (frontiersin.org)
Division6
  • After cells divide, they enter a period of growth (ie, phase G1), followed by DNA synthesis (ie, phase S). The next phase is a premitotic phase (ie, G2), then finally a mitotic cell division (ie, phase M). (medscape.com)
  • This continues for 10 minutes after division before the daughter cells revert to normal random motility, indicating that this is a tightly regulated process. (biologists.com)
  • Cell division is the basis for the propagation of life and requires accurate duplication of all genetic information. (bvsalud.org)
  • This suggests that the modification of STIL by PLK4 is important for normal cell division across different species. (elifesciences.org)
  • This includes finding out what other proteins the SUNs bind to and what functions they have during cell division. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. (lookformedical.com)
Tumour3
  • A regulated PNUTS mRNA to lncRNA splice switch mediates EMT and tumour progression. (nih.gov)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
Transition2
  • M transition in the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Efforts of this type have already identified several genetic and epigenetic changes that seem to occur at the transition from normal mucosa to precancerous lesions. (biomedcentral.com)
Prophase1
Gene4
  • not only can gene expression be manipulated and lineages traced at single-cell and whole-tissue levels, but complete population counts of all cell types are possible. (stanford.edu)
  • It has been known for many years that the fundamental transforming event in BL is the translocation of the MYC gene, and the events that bring about this translocation and those that allow cells to survive with the constitutive expression of MYC have been the subject of intense investigation. (bmj.com)
  • The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
  • Morphological profiling is an omics-based approach for predicting intracellular targets of chemical compounds in which the dose-dependent morphological changes induced by the compound are systematically compared to the morphological changes in gene-deleted cells. (waseda.jp)
Regulates1
  • Our goal is to understand how this nutrient-driven mechanism regulates stem cell behavior for lifelong optimization of organ form and function. (stanford.edu)
Centrioles2
Tissues4
  • Analysis of multiple microarrays in the Oncomine database revealed that NEK2 expression was higher in HCC tissues than adjacent normal liver tissues. (oncotarget.com)
  • During colonoscopy, benign lesions of all sizes are routinely removed to prevent their progression toward cancer, and this provides a valuable source of tissues for molecular studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both USP7 and PLK1 were overexpressed in taxane-resistant cancer cells, and negatively correlated with the MP scores in tumor tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)
Cancer16
  • Therefore, microtubule disrupting agents provide a novel approach to cancer chemoprevention and or cancer therapy. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • The activity of NEK6 is enhanced in several cancer cells, including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Cancer chemotherapy is based on an understanding of tumor cell growth and of how drugs affect this growth. (medscape.com)
  • Ovarian cancer is frequently sensitive to chemotherapy at diagnosis but rapid development of drug resistance leads to disease progression and ultimately death in the majority of patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human ovarian cancer cell lines TOV21G (representing clear cell ovarian carcinoma) and TOV112D (representing endometrioid adenocarcinoma) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). The human ovarian epithelial-serous cell line COV504 was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, by comparing the activity of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines after treating with resveratrol, it was found that resveratrol has more significant cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
  • Possibly, 1 day, one of these cells will show an autonomous and aggressive behavior-it will be a cancer cell. (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, because MiDAS is a prominent feature of aneuploid cancer cells, we will discuss how targeting MiDAS might potentially lead to improvements in cancer therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, in most cases, these patterns of chromothripsis differed from those in cancer genomes as the rearrangements were largely restricted to a single daughter cell and lacked the canonical oscillations in DNA copy-number states 2 . (nature.com)
  • Mitotic clustering drives the unequal inheritance of acentric fragments by a single daughter cell, providing an explanation for the origins of distinct patterns of chromothripsis found across diverse cancer types and congenital disorders. (nature.com)
  • Interestingly, P-Tex cells expressed CDK4 genes as high as cancer cells, which could be simultaneously inhibited by CDK4 inhibitors and might be a potential reason for the ineffectiveness of CDK4 inhibitors in treating HPV-positive HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
  • The compelling conclusion that proliferative exhausted T cells are associated with response in HPV+ head and neck cancer is supported by the cohort of 14 patients with paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue and rigorous bioinformatic analysis of nearly 50,000 single CD3+ T cell transcriptomes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Intensities of c Met immunoreactivity had been defined as: 0, total absence of membrane staining or membrane staining in under 30 of cancer cells, 1t, faint and partial membrane staining in not less than 30 of cancer cells, 2t, robust and finish staining in at least 30 of cancer cells. (wee1signaling.com)
  • MKN45 was a gastric cancer cell line that was made use of as a good manage, as a result of its high expression of c Met and phospho Met. (wee1signaling.com)
  • TTFields can induce a number of biological responses, including mitotic catastrophe, to kill cancer cells by targeting polarizable intracellular molecules. (conditionmed.org)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
Synthesis1
Proteins3
  • Here we identified Nup2 in a pool of enriched proteins that co-purify with tagged Ndj1 from meiotic cell extracts. (biorxiv.org)
  • I'm using cell and molecular biology techniques, biochemistry as well as microscopy to characterise the plant SUN proteins. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Single-cell imaging of ATP-reduced yeast mutants revealed that ATP levels in these mutants underwent stochastic and transient depletion, which promoted the cytotoxic aggregation of endogenous proteins and pathogenic proteins, such as huntingtin and α-synuclein. (waseda.jp)
Biology2
  • I am a senior lecturer in Cell Bilogy and a member of the plant biology group. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Previous to this I completed my BSc in Cell and Human Biology here at Oxford Brookes University. (brookes.ac.uk)
Inhibition1
  • This study provides fundamental insight into the functional impact of CDK4 inhibition on cells in the tumor microenvironment, which is of high importance and interest to the field. (elifesciences.org)
Eukaryotic cells2
  • In eukaryotic cells the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane system called the nuclear envelope (NE). (brookes.ac.uk)
  • The Nuclear Envelope is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells. (brookes.ac.uk)
Functional1
  • But, basic questions remain largely unanswered: How do stem cells sense different levels of functional demand? (stanford.edu)
Epithelial cells2
  • MCF-10A cells are near diploid and normal human mammary epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other particles may be engulfed by epithelial cells, primarily in the vicinity of the bronchial-alveolar duct junctions, and retained for much longer periods, with gradual removal to lymph nodes. (cdc.gov)
Occurs1
  • Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)