Disease in solid organ transplant recipients organ recipients organ transplanted. Medical search. Frequent questions

On March 29, 2011, CDC was notified about a possible transplant-associated hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a liver transplant recipient with no known risk factors for HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
An investigation was begun to learn if other recipients of organs or tissues from the donor had been infected with HBV and to investigate potential sources of the donor's infection. (cdc.gov)
The two recipients who were not infected had serologic evidence of immunity resulting from vaccination or past infection. (cdc.gov)
Organ donors are assessed for their potential to be infected with HBV using criteria adapted from risk factors identified in CDC guidelines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection ( 1 ), because many of the risk factors for HIV and HBV infection overlap. (cdc.gov)
At the time of evaluation, the donor was not identified as being at high risk for HBV infection, based on the medical history available to the organ procurement organization and its behavioral risk assessment, and was therefore screened for HBV infection using serology alone. (cdc.gov)
The number of cases of transplant-transmitted HBV infection is unknown. (cdc.gov)
The cases described in this report might not have been identified had it not been for the diligence of the hospital epidemiologist and transplant clinicians who first suspected possible transplant-associated HBV infection in one of the organ recipients who did not report any other risk factors for HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
Transplanted organs from an HBV seronegative donor can be infectious for HBV if procured during the period between infection and the time when infection becomes detectable by serology. (cdc.gov)
In transplant recipients, MT infection can be due to primary infection, reactivation of latent TB foci favored by immunosuppression (IS), or, in a lesser extent (4%), it can be transmitted by the allograft [ 3 , 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
In July 2004, CDC was notified that 3 recipients of solid organs and 1 recipient of an iliac artery segment from a common donor had died from encephalitis, which was eventually found to be caused by rabies virus infection. (cdc.gov)
In September 2005, West Nile virus (WNV) infection was confirmed in three of four recipients of organs transplanted from a common donor. (cdc.gov)
Two recipients subsequently had neuroinvasive disease, one recipient had asymptomatic WNV infection, and a fourth recipient apparently was not infected. (cdc.gov)
The liver recipient had end-stage liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus infection. (cdc.gov)
Infection is an ever-present threat to the well-being of the lung transplant recipient and is a leading cause of both early and late mortality. (ersjournals.com)
Infection rates among lung transplant recipients appear to be higher than those encountered in other solid organ transplant populations, likely related to the unique exposure of the lung allograft to the external environment and to the greater magnitude of immunosuppression employed 1 , 2 . (ersjournals.com)
Although passive transfer of occult infection with the transplanted organ is an additional concern, the presence of organisms on Gram stain of donor bronchial washings is not predictive of subsequent pneumonia in the recipient 4 . (ersjournals.com)
The primary objectives of this study are: - To determine the proportion of children with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related death, rehospitalization or major complications after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and/or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), and - To determine immunologic mechanisms and immune signatures associated with disease spectrum and subsequent clinical course during the year of follow-up. (stanford.edu)
Through multiple diagnostic methods, we identified LCMV infection in all persons, including in at least 1 sample from the donor and 4 recipients by reverse transcription PCR, and sequences of a 396-bp fragment of the large segment of the virus from all 5 persons were identical. (medscape.com)
For instance, congenital infection can result in birth defects, including hydrocephalus and chorioretinitis, [ 9-12 ] and transplant recipient infection can result in multisystem organ failure. (medscape.com)
Subsequent testing of specimens from the donor and recipients confirmed LCMV infection in all 5 persons, marking the fourth detected cluster of transplant-associated LCMV transmissions in the United States. (medscape.com)
Today, we'll be discussing an article about tularemia infection being spread through organ transplants. (cdc.gov)

Stanford Medicine infectious disease expert Anne Liu provides guidance on the RSV, flu and new COVID-19 vaccines this fall. (stanford.edu)
The recognition of this risk led to the screening of donors for some infectious agents, such as, HIV, which made the organ supply substantially safer. (cdc.gov)
The cases highlight the difficulties in diagnosing or recognizing clusters of infectious encephalitis among transplant recipients. (cdc.gov)
Clinicians should be aware of the potential for transplant-associated transmission of infectious disease. (cdc.gov)
Transplant Infectious Disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society, 23 (4), 13637-13637. (touro.edu)
So, the classic story, Sarah, is--in fact, this is a typical question on the infectious disease physician boards, on an exam--is that you have a gentleman who's riding his seated 50-horsepower lawnmower in Martha's Vineyard, and he runs over a rabbit, which kills the creature, and then the patient develops a fever and cough. (cdc.gov)

However, most referral laboratories used by organ procurement organizations do not have access to the ultrasensitive HBV NAT methodology that detected the low-level viremia in this organ donor. (cdc.gov)
When possible, organ transplant candidates should be protected against HBV by pretransplant vaccination to further reduce the risk for transmission from an infected donor ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Kidney transplant candidates with preformed, donor-specific antibodies may undergo a pretransplant desensitizing protocol. (medscape.com)
To avoid the increased risk of desensitization and ABO-incompatible transplants, patients with incompatible living donors may chose to participate in kidney paired exchange (KPD) or donor swap programs. (medscape.com)
1.6 Consider Valganciclovir prophylaxis for at least 3 months after starting treatment for acute allograft rejection if either donor or recipient are CMV positive (D+/R-, D+/R+ or D-/R+) [2C]. (bts.org.uk)
Stem cell transplants remove blood-forming stem cells from a healthy donor, and then inject them into a patient, where they take hold and grow in the bone marrow. (stanford.edu)
Technicians process stem cells from the donor to elimi-nate alpha-beta T cells, immune cells that instigate graft-versus-host disease. (stanford.edu)
As a re-sult, patients can be safely transplanted us-ing stem cells from a donor with only 5 of 10 matching HLA antigens -- such as a parent. (stanford.edu)
The risk for infections caused by pathogens transmitted through solid organ or tissue transplants, referred to here as donor-derived or transplant-transmitted infections, has been recognized for decades and remains a worldwide public health problem. (cdc.gov)
Since 2002, several types of emerging donor-derived infections have been reported with increasing frequency among solid organ transplant recipients seeking medical care for encephalitis. (cdc.gov)
Laboratory and epidemiologic data substantiated this mode of virus transmission and documented that the organ donor had likely acquired West Nile virus through a blood transfusion. (cdc.gov)
however, this may not be the case in the solid organ-transplant setting because organ donor screening has not been mandated. (cdc.gov)
The organ donor, a New York City resident, was hospitalized on August 23 after a traumatic head injury and underwent emergency evacuation of an epidural hematoma, during which he received one unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). (cdc.gov)
The PRBC unit received by the organ donor was donated on July 30 and was negative for WNV RNA by minipool nucleic acid-amplification test (mpNAT). (cdc.gov)
In February 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA) was notified of a cluster of severe illnesses (2 fatal, and 2 in persons who were recovering) among 4 organ recipients linked to 1 donor, who died in late December 2010. (medscape.com)
CDC acquired multiple specimens from the donor and recipients for testing. (medscape.com)
So, it's commonplace to test the donor and test the recipient and treat, as needed, with medications and by changing immunosuppression. (cdc.gov)

Because of immunosuppression and underlying co-existing conditions in transplant recipients, infections can be severe and fatal. (cdc.gov)
These cases can present a diagnostic challenge for clinicians and highlight the need to increase awareness among transplant clinicians regarding the necessity for prompt recognition and treatment of transplant-transmitted infections. (cdc.gov)
For these infections, the initial link to the transplanted organ was made by histopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemical testing of tissue from an organ recipient who died 4 weeks after undergoing transplantation. (cdc.gov)
An extensive experience accrued to date in transplanting CF patients has generally allayed these concerns, demonstrating arate of bacterial pulmonary infections similar to that encountered in other patient populations 5 . (ersjournals.com)
In February 2011, we identified a fourth cluster of organ transplant-associated LCMV infections. (medscape.com)
In both instances, infections are associated severe disease. (medscape.com)
Three previous clusters of organ transplant-transmitted LCMV infections have been identified in the United States, affecting 10 organ recipients, 9 of whom died. (medscape.com)
We describe the laboratory investigation and clinical outcomes of this recent cluster of transplant-transmitted LCMV infections ( Table 1 ). (medscape.com)
Dr. Kuehnert was previously with CDC and has done another podcast with me about infections in transplants. (cdc.gov)
Sarah Gregory] Okay, so, how common are infections transmitted by transplants? (cdc.gov)
Matthew Kuehnert] Well, in general, just looking in general for transplant-transmitted infections, unexpected events are very rare. (cdc.gov)

In addition, the cost of HBV NAT screening, the ability to have test results before transplantation, and concerns about possible false-positive results have contributed to the limited use of HBV NAT for low-risk organ donors. (cdc.gov)
recipients who are seronegative for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) receiving an organ from HSV seropositive donors [2D]. (bts.org.uk)
A method that broadens the pool of potential donors for stem cell transplants recently saved two young brothers from a severe genetic disease. (stanford.edu)
Before she came to Stanford, their doctor Alice Bertaina , MD, PhD, developed a technique that greatly reduces the risk of graft vs. host disease and broadens the potential pool of stem cell donors. (stanford.edu)
Both were from cytomegalovirus (CMV) positive donors and the recipient was CMV positive as well. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, it may prove challenging to implement West Nile virus screening of potential organ donors. (cdc.gov)

The initial post-transplant course was uneventful aside from blood-product receipt. (cdc.gov)
Nonetheless, the post-transplant course is often marked by complications that threaten both the quality and duration of the recipient's life. (ersjournals.com)

On August 28, the liver and kidneys were transplanted into three recipients at two transplant centers in New York City, the lung was transplanted into a recipient at a transplant center in Pittsburgh, and the vessels were discarded. (cdc.gov)

Announcer] This program is presented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Since 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has investigated clusters of encephalitis among transplant recipients. (cdc.gov)

Histopathologic findings showed multifocal hepatocellular necrosis (Figure 1) in the lung transplant recipient, and Old World arenavirus antigens subsequently were identified by immunohistochemical testing (IHC). (medscape.com)

In addition to the immunosuppressed status of the recipient, other factors that predispose to early bacterial pneumonias include the need for prolonged mechanical ventilatory support, blunted cough due to postoperative pain and weakness, disruption of lymphatics, and ischaemic injury to the bronchial mucosa with resultant impairment in mucociliary clearance. (ersjournals.com)
However, the same immunosuppressive medications that are required to prevent the child's immune system from attacking and rejecting the transplanted organ can predispose these individuals to developing a very serious cancer that is linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). (stanford.edu)

It is likely that signs and symptoms of encephalitis among transplant recipients during a West Nile virus outbreak led to the recognition that West Nile virus had been transmitted through organ transplants. (cdc.gov)
The patient went home on post-transplant day 16 but was readmitted the following day with fever and dyspnea requiring endotracheal intubation, followed by altered mental status, seizures, and acute flaccid paralysis consistent with WNV encephalitis. (cdc.gov)

In transplanted patients the incidence of this opportunistic agent is even more frequent, with 512 cases/100.000 inhabitants/year and it is often linked to adverse outcomes [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, we investigated the incidence of BL in 203,557 solid organ recipients in the U.S. Transplant Cancer Match Study (1987-2009) and compared it with the general population using standardized incidence ratios. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial pneumonia is most frequently encountered in the first post-transplant month, with an incidence of 16% reported in a recent series 4 . (ersjournals.com)

Delayed diagnosis of TB and drug interactions may contribute to extremely high mortality in RT recipients [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, mortality (23.08% in SOT recipients vs. 23.14% in controls, P = .21) and highest level of supplemental oxygen (P = .32) required during hospitalization did not significantly differ between groups. (touro.edu)

Outcomes of COVID-19 in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Matched C" by Marcus R. Pereira, Selim Arcasoy et al. (touro.edu)
Whether solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at increased risk of poor outcomes due to COVID-19 in comparison to the general population remains uncertain. (touro.edu)
In this study, we compared outcomes of SOT recipients and non-SOT patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in a propensity score matched analysis based on age, race, ethnicity, BMI, diabetes, and hypertension. (touro.edu)
In this propensity matched cohort study, SOT recipients hospitalized with COVID-19 had similar overall outcomes as non-SOT recipients, suggesting that chronic immunosuppression may not be an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in COVID-19. (touro.edu)

Kidney transplant recipients tend to mount impaired antibody responses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants after standard two-dose COVID-19 vaccination, according to new research published in CJASN. (medicalxpress.com)
Potential recipients of kidney transplants undergo an extensive immunologic evaluation that primarily serves to avoid transplants that are at risk for antibody-mediated hyperacute rejection. (medscape.com)
Antibody-based hematopoietic stem cell transplants may transform the treatment of patients with blood and immune diseases including cancers. (stanford.edu)

Virtually all transplant programs have a formal committee that meets regularly to discuss the results of evaluation and select medically and surgically suitable candidates to place on the waiting list. (medscape.com)

Although kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment for children with kidney failure, rejection of the transplanted organ by the recipient's immune system is a major concern. (medicalxpress.com)
This article will review the major medical complications, excluding allograft rejection, which may be encountered in the lung transplant recipient. (ersjournals.com)

One potentially fatal complication, graft vs. host disease , occurs when the new, donated cells respond to the immune markers on a patient's own cells -- known as HLA antigens -- as if they are foreign, and mount an immune attack against the patient's body. (stanford.edu)

Liver from a 62-year-old woman (lung transplant patient) showing acute necrosis of hepatocytes and minimal inflammation. (medscape.com)

[ 1 ] Transplantation is the renal replacement modality of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease, especially those with diabetic nephropathy and pediatric patients. (medscape.com)
The first kidney recipient had end-stage renal disease attributable to IgA nephropathy. (cdc.gov)
The second kidney recipient had end-stage renal disease caused by Alport syndrome. (cdc.gov)

Tuberculosis is a disease relatively frequent in renal transplant patients, presenting a wide variety of clinical manifestations, often involving various organs and potentially fatal. (hindawi.com)
The authors report two cases of isolated gastro-intestinal tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients that illustrates the difficulty of making this diagnosis and a brief review of the literature on its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapeutic approach. (hindawi.com)

A successful kidney transplant offers enhanced quality of life and increased life expectancy and is more effective (medically and economically) than long-term dialysis therapy for patients with chronic or end-stage kidney disease. (medscape.com)

So, transmission of emerging pathogens are very unusual and should not deter an organ candidate from accepting an organ, in general. (cdc.gov)

In this cluster, all recipients developed severe illness, but 2 survived. (medscape.com)

She had no immediate post-transplant complications, received no blood products, and was discharged home on day 3. (cdc.gov)
While offering a vital therapeutic option for patients with advanced lung disease, LTx remains fraught with complications that threaten both the quality and duration of the recipient's life. (ersjournals.com)

Individuals with kidney failure and those who have received a kidney transplant are especially vulnerable to COVID-19 and are thought to have a higher risk of dying from it than adults in the general population. (medicalxpress.com)
Title : Burkitt lymphoma risk in U.S. solid organ transplant recipients Personal Author(s) : Mbulaiteye, Sam M.;Clarke, Christina A.;Morton, Lindsay M.;Gibson, Todd M.;Pawlish, Karen;Weisenburger, Dennis D.;Lynch, Charles F.;Goodman, Marc T.;Engels, Eric A. (cdc.gov)
Case reports of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in transplant recipients suggest that the risk is markedly elevated. (cdc.gov)
it's important to understand that the benefits of an organ transplant far outweighs the risk of remaining on the transplant list. (cdc.gov)

After unexplained neurologic illness occurred in two organ recipients, an investigation was initiated. (cdc.gov)

Six clusters of organ transplant-transmitted West Nile virus were reported to CDC during 2002 to 2013. (cdc.gov)

New guidelines on reducing HIV and hepatitis B and C transmission through organ transplantation currently are being written and include recommendations to use NAT. (cdc.gov)

A complete cardiac workup, including angiography, is not necessary in every transplant candidate, but patients with a significant history, symptoms, diabetes mellitus, or hypertensive kidney disease should undergo a thorough evaluation to rule out significant coronary artery disease (CAD). (medscape.com)
Consider stopping treatment for CMV disease after resolution of symptoms AND two consecutive, CMV viral load tests that confirm that CMV is not detected (below the local laboratory threshold for detection) [2D]. (bts.org.uk)

It may be that transmission is possible because of viral persistence in donated organs after peripheral viremia has cleared or because of intermittent viremia from a reservoir organ, such as a kidney. (cdc.gov)

Brothers Ronnie and Levi Dogan were born with IPEX syndrome , a life-threatening genetic disease that causes patients' immune systems to attack their own healthy tissues. (stanford.edu)
But traditional stem cell transplants are so risky that they've usually been offered only to patients who would otherwise die. (stanford.edu)
Gastrointestinal tuberculosis, although rare in the general population, is about 50 times more frequent in renal transplant patients. (hindawi.com)
However, unlike general population, in renal transplant (RT) patients, extrapulmonar (occurring in 15%) and disseminated diseases (33-49%) are very frequent [ 1 - 3 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Improvements in immune-modulating therapy, critical care medicine, and surgical techniques have led to the increased success of organ transplantations, and more patients are now eligible for these procedures. (cdc.gov)
After propensity matching, 117 SOT recipients and 350 non-SOT patients were evaluated. (touro.edu)

They hope that their approaches will provide useful therapies not just for IPEX syndrome, which is extremely rare, but also for other, more common autoimmune diseases as well. (stanford.edu)

The lung recipient had end-stage lung disease caused by pulmonary fibrosis. (cdc.gov)

A new story I wrote for Stanford Medicine magazine explains how an unusual stem cell transplant technique used at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford saved the lives of the boys, who are now 2 and 1. (stanford.edu)
[ 8 ] Person-to-person transmission of LCMV is unusual and has been reported only through vertical transmission from a pregnant woman to her fetus and through solid organ transplantation. (medscape.com)

Several Stanford teams are now working on research to make the transplants gentler and safer, which would broaden the circle of people who could be helped. (stanford.edu)
A team of researchers have found a new way to remove blood-producing stem cells, introducing the possibility of safer, and non-matched, transplants. (stanford.edu)

Solid organ transplantation is an important therapeutic option for children with a variety of end stage diseases. (stanford.edu)

High-dimensional profiling of pediatric immune responses to solid organ transplantation. (stanford.edu)

The transplants were first developed for people with blood cancers, but have the potential to be used much more widely for a variety of genetic diseases. (stanford.edu)

This article provides an overview of the evaluation of a potential kidney transplant candidate and the management of a kidney transplant recipient. (medscape.com)

The processing method allowed Ronnie and Levi to receive a stem cell transplant from their father, who does not have the autoimmune disease. (stanford.edu)
Overall, SOT recipients were more likely to receive COVID-19 specific therapies and to require ICU admission. (touro.edu)

Anatomy3

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