Disease clostridium difficile. Medical search. Frequent questions

Comparison of pediatric and adult antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infections. (nih.gov)
Clostridium Difficile Infections (Clostridium Difficile Associated Disease) - Pipeline Insight, 2020 report outlays comprehensive insights of present scenario and growth prospects across Clostridium Difficile Infections (Clostridium Difficile Associated Disease). (researchandmarkets.com)
Join host Dr. Jay Goldstein as he welcomes Dr. Christian Stone, associate professor of medicine at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, to discuss the recent trends of C. difficile infections among inflammatory bowel disease patients. (reachmd.com)
Overview of Clostridial Infections Clostridia are spore-forming, gram-positive, anaerobic bacilli present widely in dust, soil, and vegetation and as normal flora in mammalian gastrointestinal tracts. (msdmanuals.com)
ACG Clinical Guidelines: Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Clostridioides difficile infections. (msdmanuals.com)
Fast Five Quiz: Are You Able to Confront Clostridium Difficile Infections? (medscape.com)
NTCD) a novel treatment approach for preventing recurrent C. difficile infections (CDI). (prnewswire.com)
Because antibiotic use and overuse is associated with C difficile infections, children on antibiotics should be taken off these medicines as soon as possible. (healthychildren.org)
This therapeutic product is presently indicated for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infections (rCDIs). (ipsnews.net)
Clostridium dicffi ile is the most common pathogen causing incidence of CDI rose dramatically with age, from 47/100 000 health care-acquired infections and the leading cause of death in younger adults aged 18-44 years to 148.5 in persons aged associated with gastroenteritis in the United States [1, 2]. (sagepub.com)
Overview of Clostridial Infections Clostridia are bacteria that commonly reside in the intestine of healthy adults and newborns. (merckmanuals.com)
This type of bacteriotherapy has a longstanding history in animal health and has been used sporadically against chronic infections of the bowel, especially as a treatment of last resort for patients with severe Clostridium difficile syndromes including recurrent diarrhea, colitis, and pseudomembranous colitis. (lww.com)
The bacterium, which spreads easily in hospitals and other health-care facilities, was the source of almost half a million infections among patients in the United States in a single year, according to a 2015 report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (technologyreview.com)
Such studies have been difficult to do in the past for hospital-acquired infections like C. difficile -the infections come on fast so there's little time to enroll a patient in a trial. (technologyreview.com)
Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic, spore-forming, Gram-positive bacillus that produces two pathogenic toxins, A and B. C. difficile infections (CDI) range in severity from mild diarrhea to fulminant colitis and death. (mn.us)
How does Clostridioides Difficile Infections Spread? (iffgd.org)
Thus, most of the major and minor signs of the WHO case definition of the disease reflect underlying opportunistic infections. (ispub.com)
1991). Among all HIV/AIDS associated infections or diseases, tuberculosis stands prominent as cutting across geographical boundaries. (ispub.com)

Diagnosis is by identifying C. difficile toxin in stool. (msdmanuals.com)
The organism secretes both an enterotoxin and a cytotoxin, typically referred to as toxins A and B. However, not all strains of C. difficile produce toxins, and some people are asymptomatic carriers of toxin-producing strains. (msdmanuals.com)
Clostridium difficile toxin A (TcdA) is a toxin generated by Clostridioides difficile, formerly known as Clostridium difficile. (wikipedia.org)
It is similar to Clostridium difficile Toxin B. The toxins are the main virulence factors produced by the gram positive, anaerobic, Clostridioides difficile bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Consequently, in clinical practice, enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for C difficile toxin A and B is used more often. (medscape.com)
However, although EIA is a rapid test for C difficile toxin A and B, it is not an ideal alternative test for diagnosing CDI, due to it having a lesser sensitivity than the cell cytotoxin assay (see below). (medscape.com)
A human monoclonal IgG anti-toxin has demonstrated the ability in combination therapy to reduce mortality in C. difficile challenged hamsters. (mdpi.com)
We have long known that colonization of susceptible individuals with a non-toxin-producing strain of C. difficile appears to prevent infection by a toxic, virulent strain and these data support that observation. (prnewswire.com)
Toxigenic strains of C . difficile typically produce 2 major toxins, A and B, although a small percentage produce only toxin B ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
The disease is caused when the bacteria produce a toxin (poison) that damages the lining of the gut. (healthychildren.org)
The inflammation is caused by toxin produced by C. difficile bacteria and usually develops after people take antibiotics that enable these bacteria to grow in the intestine. (merckmanuals.com)
A CDI case is defined as a positive C. difficile toxin assay on an incident stool specimen from a resident (≥ 1 year of age) of one of the five counties. (mn.us)
Almdni, Sabir M.Shakir (2013) Recombinant antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxin A. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow. (gla.ac.uk)
The binding of Toxin A to a receptor on human intestinal epithelial cells initiates disease: this is considered the starting point from which the toxin elicits its effect. (gla.ac.uk)
Antibody response against the toxin can protect against C. difficile disease and efforts to generate vaccines have focused upon the carboxy-terminal, receptor binding domain. (gla.ac.uk)
Cross-reaction with Toxin B from C. difficile was also evident. (gla.ac.uk)
Overall, phage display technology enabled the assembly of a panel of scFv antibodies against the putative receptor binding site in the carboxy-terminal domain of Toxin A from C. difficile. (gla.ac.uk)
The scFvs were able to protect against the cytopathic activity of Toxin A in vitro and in vivo and proposals are made about how these observations could be taken forward in a model of C. difficile infection that best mimics the human disease. (gla.ac.uk)

Are patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease more at risk for developing C. difficile infection than other patients? (reachmd.com)
Clostridioides difficile ( formerly Clostridium difficile) colitis results from a disturbance of the normal bacterial flora of the colon, colonization by C difficile , and the release of toxins that cause mucosal inflammation and damage. (medscape.com)
The diagnosis of C difficile colitis should be suspected in any patient with diarrhea who has received antibiotics within the previous 3 months, has been recently hospitalized, and/or has an occurrence of diarrhea within 48 hours or more after hospitalization. (medscape.com)
Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning is the imaging modality of choice for C difficile colitis when pseudomembranous colitis (see the image below), complications of CDI, or other intra-abdominal pathology is suspected. (medscape.com)
Endoscopic findings may be normal in patients with mild disease or may demonstrate nonspecific colitis in moderate cases. (medscape.com)
Toxins produced by Clostridioides difficile strains in the gastrointestinal tract cause pseudomembranous colitis, typically after antibiotic use. (msdmanuals.com)
C. difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated colitis and is typically hospital-acquired, but community-acquired cases are increasing. (msdmanuals.com)
C. difficile -induced colitis may also follow use of certain antineoplastic medications. (msdmanuals.com)
The toxins function by damaging the intestinal mucosa and cause the symptoms of C. difficile infection, including pseudomembranous colitis. (wikipedia.org)
Fecal leukocytes are present in about half of the C difficile colitis cases. (medscape.com)
The colitis of Clostridium difficile infection results from the synergistic action of C. difficile secreted toxins A and B upon the colon mucosa. (mdpi.com)
Pardi, DS 2005, Microscopic Colitis and Clostridium difficile-Associated Disease . (elsevierpure.com)
Pathology of pseudomembranous colitis caused by Clostridium difficile, labeled diagram. (alilamedicalmedia.com)
Minimally invasive colon preserving options have emerged as attractive options for patients with fulminant clostridium difficile colitis. (sages.org)
Clostridioides difficile ( C. difficile )-induced colitis is an inflammation of the large intestine (colon) that results in diarrhea. (merckmanuals.com)
C. difficile -induced colitis usually occurs after taking antibiotics. (merckmanuals.com)
Doctors test the stool and sometimes use a viewing tube to examine the large intestine of people who have symptoms of C. difficile -induced colitis. (merckmanuals.com)
Most people who have mild C. difficile -induced colitis get better after the antibiotic that triggered the colitis has been stopped and another antibiotic is taken. (merckmanuals.com)
In C. difficile -induced colitis, the bacteria produce toxins that cause inflammation of the colon (colitis), usually after antibiotics are taken to treat an infection. (merckmanuals.com)
C. difficile is the most common cause of colitis that develops after antibiotics are taken. (merckmanuals.com)
When C. difficile bacteria overgrow, they release toxins that cause diarrhea, colitis, and the formation of abnormal membranes (pseudomembranes) in the large intestine. (merckmanuals.com)
C. difficile -induced colitis can occur even after very brief antibiotic courses. (merckmanuals.com)
C. difficile -induced colitis also may follow the use of certain cancer chemotherapy drugs. (merckmanuals.com)
The risk of developing C. difficile -induced colitis and the risk that it will be severe increases with age. (merckmanuals.com)
Clostridioides difficile infection or C. difficile is a bacterium that can infect the large bowel (or colon) and is a major cause of infectious colitis and diarrhea in healthcare settings around the world. (iffgd.org)
The changes that result from antibiotics can allow C. difficile to multiply and release toxins causing colitis by damaging the lining of the colon. (iffgd.org)

however, severe recurrent disease should be treated with vancomycin. (bmj.com)
Clostridium difficile spores are essential for transmission of disease and are also required for recurrent infection. (whiterose.ac.uk)
In human medicine, FMT is widely used as an effective treatment for recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) 18 . (nature.com)

Risk factors for C. difficile infection include antibiotic treatment, which can disrupt normal intestinal microbiota and lead to colonization of C. difficile bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Organisms that produce secondary bile acids, such as Clostridium scindens, enhance C. difficile colonization resistance. (nih.gov)
These data demonstrate that colonization with VP20621 was achieved in the majority of patients, and that in these patients, 98 percent had no recurrence of C. difficile infection," commented Dr. Colin Broom , ViroPharma's chief scientific officer. (prnewswire.com)
Colonization or contamination of pigs by superbugs, such as C. difficile and MRSA, at the farm production level may be more important than at the slaughterhouse level, though. (nutritionfacts.org)
The communities of microbes that normally live in the gut usually prevent C. difficile colonization and suppress C. difficile-associated disease. (medlineplus.gov)

Clostridium difficile associated disease (CDAD) has traditionally ranged in presentation from self-limiting diarrhea to a fulminant, life-threatening disease. (medscape.com)
Diarrhea following antibiotic treatment, Clostridium difficile, and quinolones]. (nih.gov)
[ 1 ] In addition, C difficile can be a cause of diarrhea in community dwellers without previous hospitalization or antibiotic exposure. (medscape.com)
C. difficile -induced diarrhea. (msdmanuals.com)
Large outbreaks of diarrhea caused by a newly recognized strain of Clostridium difficile occurred in four hospitals located in different parts of the United States between 1989 and 1992. (nih.gov)
Case-control studies were performed at three of the four hospitals to assess the relation of the use of clindamycin to C. difficile-associated diarrhea. (nih.gov)
Exposure to other types of antibiotics or hospitalization in a surgical ward was not significantly associated with the risk of C. difficile-associated diarrhea due to the epidemic strain. (nih.gov)
A strain of C. difficile that is highly resistant to clindamycin was responsible for large outbreaks of diarrhea in four hospitals in different states. (nih.gov)
Resistance to clindamycin further increases the risk of C. difficile-associated diarrhea, an established complication of antimicrobial use. (nih.gov)
3 unformed stools within 24 hours, positive C. difficile stool assay and no other likely cause of diarrhea occurring after day one through week 6. (prnewswire.com)
Clostridium difficile is a cause of diarrhea in children. (healthychildren.org)
C difficile causes diarrhea with stomach cramps or tenderness, fever, and blood and mucus in the stools. (healthychildren.org)
Clostridium difficile -associated diarrhea (CDAD): Evaluate patients if diarrhea occurs. (nih.gov)
Compared to control mice, HFD-fed mice failed to clear C. difficile bacteria which resulted in protracted diarrhea, weight loss and colonic damage. (nih.gov)
C. difficile is a major health care-associated infection in the U.S., causing mild to severe diarrhea. (medlineplus.gov)

Of considerable interest is the observation that CDAD appears to be increasing worldwide in both incidence and severity of disease. (medscape.com)
[ 9 ] The sequence of these events is important for acquiring CDAD: first is exposure to antimicrobials, second is exposure to toxigenic strains of C. difficile , and third is the presence of additional factors just mentioned. (medscape.com)
CDAD-attributable deaths in disease-endemic settings are ium diffi cile -associated disease (CDAD), particularly in much lower (1.2%-1.5%) ( 10 , 13 ). (cdc.gov)
Clostridium diffi cile -associated disease (CDAD) is an those without operating room costs. (cdc.gov)

Obeticholic acid ameliorates severity of Clostridioides difficile infection in high fat diet-induced obese mice. (nih.gov)

These include the fact that traditional hand washing with soap and water in hospitals has shifted to the preferential use of alcohol-based hand hygiene products in many institutional settings over the last 5 10 years (alcohol is ineffective against C. difficile spores). (medscape.com)
[ 13 ] In addition, traditional hospital cleaning agents (quaternary ammonium based products) do not kill C. difficile spores. (medscape.com)
The presence of C . difficile spores in bovine feces indicates the potential for contamination of retail meat products. (cdc.gov)
Transmission of C. difficile occurs primarily in healthcare facilities, where environmental contamination by C. difficile spores and exposure to antimicrobial drugs are common. (mn.us)

Several typing methods have been applied to further characterize C. difficile PCR ribotype-027, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (North American pulsed field type 1) and restriction enzyme analysis (REA) (BI). (cdc.gov)
C . difficile , including PCR ribotype 027 ( 4 ), has also been isolated from dairy calves, beef calves, veal calves, and adult cattle in Ontario (A. Rodriguez-Palacios et al. (cdc.gov)

Clostridium , the genus name of these gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacteria comes from Greek klōstēr (spindle) because, under the microscope, the colonies resemble spindles used in cloth weaving and long sticks with a bulge at the end. (cdc.gov)
This happens most often when your child is taking antibiotics that kill other bacteria in the gut, permitting C difficile to multiply to very high numbers. (healthychildren.org)
Some bacteria help digest food, destroy disease-causing cells, or produce vitamins. (nih.gov)
Some healthy people have C. difficile bacteria living in their intestine. (merckmanuals.com)
Thus, certain disease-causing bacteria, such as C. difficile , can overgrow and replace the harmless bacteria that normally live in the intestine. (merckmanuals.com)
Treatment of HFD-fed mice with an FXR agonist Obeticholic acid, resulted in decreased primary BA synthesis, fewer C. difficile bacteria and better CDI outcomes. (nih.gov)
The C. difficile infection occurs when the C. difficile bacteria multiply and are able to grow within the gastrointestinal (GI) system. (iffgd.org)
This means that the C.Difficile bacteria that come from the bowel movement of an infected individual are ingested by another individual, who subsequently gets the infection. (iffgd.org)

These factors (e.g., hypertoxin production, hypersporulation, antimicrobial resistance) possessed by a previously uncommon strain of C. difficile , in conjunction with particular host and environmental factors, may have precipitated the now widespread establishment of this pathogen. (medscape.com)
The organism first termed Bacillus difficilis in the mid-1930s, and now known as Clostridium difficile , continues to evolve into a formidable pathogen. (medscape.com)
Clostridium difficile is an important spore-forming human pathogen associated with serious enteric diseases worldwide ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Although contamination does not necessarily mean foodborne transmission, the possibility of C . difficile being a foodborne pathogen should be investigated. (cdc.gov)
On the one hand, high biodiversity may provide a larger potential source of novel pathogens, but on the other hand, biodiversity can reduce further pathogen transmission for both long-established and newly emerging diseases. (nature.com)
If the effect of each species on pathogen transmission were entirely idiosyncratic, one would expect that diversity declines would be equally likely to cause a decrease or an increase in disease transmission in the remaining species. (nature.com)
However, in recent years, a consistent picture has emerged-biodiversity loss tends to increase pathogen transmission and disease incidence. (nature.com)
This is the first description of a cortex-specific PBP in C. difficile and begins the process of unravelling cortex biogenesis in this important pathogen. (whiterose.ac.uk)
C. difficile is a pathogen infecting the colon of patients following antibiotic treatment. (medlineplus.gov)

Antibiotic treatment can alter the microbiota that allows C. difficile, a bacterium that is naturally resistant to many common antibiotics, to grow and cause inflammation in the colon. (medlineplus.gov)

The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommend testing for C difficile and its toxins in symptomatic patients only on diarrheal stool, unless there is suspicion of ileus due to C difficile . (medscape.com)
Molecular epidemiology of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile isolates from hospitalized patients and the hospital environment in Dhaka, Bangladesh. (uh.edu)

Nonetheless, the poor sensitivity of EIA can be overcome by obtaining repeat stool specimens or by combining EIA with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay or C difficile antigen (glutamate dehydrogenase [GDH]) EIA. (medscape.com)

[ 3 ] These characteristics differentiate BI/NAP1 from traditional C. difficile strains. (medscape.com)
We reported a case of C. difficile PCR 027 in Ireland, where the isolate had an identical antibiogram profile compared with those strains reported across Europe ( 6 , 7 ) (i.e., resistant to fluoroquinolones and erythromycin, susceptible to clindamycin). (cdc.gov)
The tcdA and tcdB genes are situated on the Clostridioides difficile chromosome in a 19.6-kb pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) found only in toxigenic strains of C. difficile. (wikipedia.org)
As shown in C. difficile Superbugs in Meat , uncomplicated cases have been traditionally managed with powerful antibiotics, but recent reports suggest that hypervirulent strains are increasingly resistant to medical management. (nutritionfacts.org)

Such rapid dissemination and distribution of an outbreak strain of C. difficile are unprecedented, with many regions across North America, as well as several countries in Europe, being affected, all in such a short period of time. (medscape.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] Reasons for this are not entirely clear, are most likely very complex and interwoven, and may be due in part to the emergence of a previously uncommon strain of C. difficile . (medscape.com)
This strain has been associated with increased disease severity and attributable mortality. (cdc.gov)
A deadlier strain of C. difficile has been identified in some hospital outbreaks. (merckmanuals.com)
These and other healthcare facility (e.g., long-term care facilities) outbreaks have been associated with the emergence of a more virulent strain of C. difficile , designated North American PFGE type 1 (NAP1), toxinotype III. (mn.us)

and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, matics database was also queried to ascertain date of death. (cdc.gov)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), almost half a million of cases of CDI occurred in 2011 in the United States. (iffgd.org)

Oral fluoroquinolone therapy for Clostridium difficile enterocolitis. (nih.gov)

Significant publications on infectious disease pharmacotherapy in 2016. (uh.edu)

Outcomes associated Clostridium difficile infection in patients with chronic liver disease. (uh.edu)

In addition, repeat testing for C difficile is not recommended following successful treatment in a patient recently treated for CDI. (medscape.com)
This antibody is currently in a clinical trial for the treatment of human Clostridium difficile infection. (mdpi.com)
One potential example of how studies of ancient human microbiomes may eventually aid the treatment of modern diseases involves Clostridium difficile . (nih.gov)
Provides basic consumer health information about the transmission and treatment of diseases spread from person to person, along with facts about prevention, self-care, and drug resistance. (gale.com)
Self-Treatment for Contagious Diseases. (gale.com)
Nonsevere Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and severe CDI, which carries a higher risk than nonsevere CDI for treatment failure and CDI recurrence, are difficult to distinguish at the time of diagnosis. (soton.ac.uk)
If a probiotic is going to be marketed as a drug for treatment of a disease or disorder, it has to meet stricter requirements. (nih.gov)
Understanding the basic biologic functions of been a priority for the NIH, which supported the digestive system, which includes the GI visionary research leading to improved tract, pancreas, biliary system, and liver, is understanding of endoderm specification, of fundamental importance to the diagnosis patterning, stem cell kinetics, and crypt-villus and treatment of all diseases related to organization. (nih.gov)
Severe Clostridiodes difficile infection (CDI) is life-threatening and responds poorly to treatment. (nih.gov)
Antibiotics are effective against the disease, however around 20 % of patients on treatment relapse after the termination of antibiotic therapy. (gla.ac.uk)
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is supporting research on several organisms that have developed resistance to antimicrobial drug treatment. (medlineplus.gov)

The intestinal flora may play a key role in the pathogenesis of certain gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. (lww.com)
Developing new technologies to isolate, characterize, cultivate, and manipulate stem cells of the digestive system may provide new approaches to understand the pathogenesis and develop new therapies for digestive diseases. (nih.gov)
Uncovering the mechanisms that control development and differentiation of the digestive tract before birth and in neonatal life could generate new insights for regenerative therapies to treat digestive cancers and other diseases, as well as provide new insights into disease pathogenesis. (nih.gov)
Therefore, to define the mechanisms that exacerbate disease severity, we examined CDI pathogenesis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. (nih.gov)
However, it is unknown if changes in the bacterial composition drive disease pathogenesis or if they are rather a reflection of alterations of the ecological niche [ 9 , 15 ]. (ersjournals.com)

After infection, HFD-induced obese mice had an intestinal bile acid (BA) pool that was dominated by primary BAs which are known promoters of C. difficile spore germination, and lacked secondary BAs that inhibit C. difficile growth. (nih.gov)
Clostridium difficile is a major cause of nosocomial intestinal infection. (gla.ac.uk)

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk for developing symptomatic Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) with worse clinical outcomes, including mortality, as compared with the general population. (helsinki.fi)
Rapid Diagnostics and Point of Care Testing to Enhance Prudent Antimicrobial Use and Patient Outcomes Research Award, Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists/Alere Inc. (uh.edu)
National In-hospital Outcomes of Pregnancy in Women with Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease. (archildrens.org)

The second hospital submitted only random isolates (n = 3) for typing during a C. difficile outbreak. (cdc.gov)
A recent rise in C.difficile cases across multiple hospitals in Ontario, Canada has led to several outbreak declarations of thisconcerning and increasingly common hospital-acquired infection. (diseasedaily.org)

100 Irish C. difficile 027 isolates have been characterized by analysis of their antibiogram profiles, toxinotyping, and 16S-23S rDNA PCR ribotyping. (cdc.gov)
Minimal spanning tree of 23 Clostridium difficile isolates. (cdc.gov)
Chromosomal DNA from these representative isolates was also analyzed by dot blot hybridization and amplification with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the use of probes and primers from a previously described determinant of erythromycin resistance - the erythromycin ribosomal methylase B (ermB) gene - found in C. perfringens and C. difficile. (nih.gov)
We therefore evaluated the prevalence of C . difficile contamination of retail ground meat samples and characterized the isolates. (cdc.gov)

C difficile infection (CDI) occurs primarily in hospitalized patients. (medscape.com)
C.difficile generally infects older hospital patients and typically occurs after use of antibiotic medication. (diseasedaily.org)
C. difficile infection is most common when an antibiotic is taken by mouth, but it also occurs when antibiotics are injected into a muscle or given by vein (intravenously). (merckmanuals.com)

For the most part, we've benefited from that change, but it appears we're also increasing our risk for allergies and other inflammatory diseases. (nih.gov)
Some researchers hypothesize that Treponema may help rural people digest their high-cellulose diet and protect them from inflammatory diseases of the colon that are common among modern urban populations. (nih.gov)
Some recent studies, including a pioneering look at microbes preserved in dental plaque on ancient human teeth, 6 suggest that human gut and oral microbiomes have become less stable and diverse since the domestication of plants and animals and especially since the Industrial Revolution, setting the stage for a rise in inflammatory diseases. (nih.gov)
Encouraging results have also been observed following infusions of human fecal flora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic constipation. (lww.com)

Incidents of Clostridium difficile, or C.diff , are increasing in the US. (reachmd.com)
You may see it called other names, such as Clostridioides difficile (the new name), Clostridium difficile (an older name), and C. diff icile. (nih.gov)
Clostridium difficile (C. diff. (nih.gov)
Clostridioides difficile ( C. difficile , C. diff ) do not require oxygen to live. (merckmanuals.com)

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases》 38 (7): 1211-1221. (wikipedia.org)
While clinical microbiology has traditionally focused on the role of individual pathogens in human disease, breakthroughs in high throughput DNA sequencing now allow the study of entire microbial communities. (frontiersin.org)

1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine. (nih.gov)
In 2008, NIAID established the Systems Biology Program for Infectious Disease Research. (nih.gov)
In 2012/2013, NIAID continued the Systems Biology Program to further develop an interdisciplinary community that integrates experimental biology, computational tools and modeling across temporal and spatial scales towards a better understanding of infectious diseases. (nih.gov)
Their work ushered cutting-edge "omics" technologies into the infectious diseases field by connecting computational scientists, microbiologists, virologists, immunologists, and clinicians. (nih.gov)
Correspondence: M. A. Olsen, PhD, MPH, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington Although the association between overall health status and University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8051, 4523 Clayton Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110 increased risk of CDI has not been examined explicitly, a review ([email protected]). (sagepub.com)
Here we evaluate evidence that reduced biodiversity affects the transmission of infectious diseases of humans, other animals and plants. (nature.com)
Overall, despite many remaining questions, current evidence indicates that preserving intact ecosystems and their endemic biodiversity should generally reduce the prevalence of infectious diseases. (nature.com)
Here we examine how biodiversity affects the transmission and emergence of infectious diseases and evaluate the evidence that reduced disease transmission is an important ecosystem service provided by high biodiversity. (nature.com)
Changes in biodiversity have the potential to affect the risk of infectious disease exposure in plants and animals-including humans-because infectious diseases by definition involve interactions among species. (nature.com)
Intriguingly, biodiversity may play a dual role in the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases. (nature.com)
Understanding the mechanisms by which this system operates could lead to new vaccination strategies or other approaches to prevent or treat infectious diseases that affect the digestive system. (nih.gov)
Learning experiences within infectious diseases pharmacy residency programs in the United States: a cross-sectional survey. (uh.edu)
Open Forum Infectious Diseases. (uh.edu)
Infectious Diseases: A Case Study Approach. (uh.edu)

This research plan dissect the molecular basis of GI development, of the National Commission on Digestive which holds enormous promise for Diseases therefore begins with an overview of understanding pathophysiology and therapy. (nih.gov)

In fact, quaternary ammonium-based cleaning agents have been shown to substantially increase the sporulation capacity of C. difficile . (medscape.com)

Yutin, N., and Galperin, M.Y. 'A genomic update on clostridial phylogeny: Gram-negative spore formers and other misplaced clostridia. (nih.gov)

Bacillus clausii and Lactobacillus reuteri secrete compounds that directly inhibit C. difficile. (nih.gov)

Increasing hospitalization and death possibly due to Clostridium difficile diarrheal disease. (cdc.gov)

Endoscopy is less sensitive for diagnosing C difficile than are stool assays. (medscape.com)

The species name difficile is a form of the Latin adjective difficilis because when first identified (by Hall and O'Toole in 1935), the organism was difficult to isolate and grew slowly in pure culture. (cdc.gov)

a third hospital with ongoing laboratory surveillance (n = 3) and 2 hospitals that each submitted fecal samples from patients with severe cases of C. difficile disease (n = 1). (cdc.gov)

But there is increasing evidence that the microbiome also contributes to making people sick, including influencing susceptibility to complex diseases. (genomeweb.com)

We thus linked a defined genetic marker with the clindamycin-resistant phenotype in C. difficile PCR-027. (cdc.gov)

[ 12 ] The greater severity of disease attributable to BI/NAP1 in combination with these environmental risk factors may be contributing to a cycle that has led to C. difficile outbreaks on at least two continents. (medscape.com)

They're also developing new therapeutic approaches designed to modify the microbiome to treat disease and support health. (nih.gov)

Patients with C difficile are also prone to acute kidney injury. (medscape.com)
The 45-64 years, and up to 628/100 000 in persons aged 65 years incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) during an acute care hos- and older [4]. (sagepub.com)

Disease may follow overgrowth of endogenous C. difficile organisms in the intestine or infection from an external source. (msdmanuals.com)
studying the composition and activity of commensal organisms in healthy individuals could reveal important links between alterations in the microflora and human disease. (nih.gov)
That many organisms living on us and in us having no impact whatsoever on health and disease, I think, is something that we can all put behind us. (genomeweb.com)
However, there is new and increasing evidence that communities of micro-organisms in our body, the human microbiome, are crucially involved in the development and progression of chronic respiratory diseases. (ersjournals.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms21

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs26

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Health Care8

Infections18

Toxin18

Colitis26

Recurrent3

Colonization5

Diarrhea15

CDAD4

Clostridioides Difficile Infection1

Spores4

Ribotype-0272

Bacteria8

Pathogen9

Bacterium1

Epidemiology2

Assay1

Strains4

Strain5

Centers5

Enterocolitis1

20161

Infection in Patients1

Treatment11

Pathogenesis5

Intestinal2

Outcomes3

Outbreak2

Isolates4

Occurs3

Inflammatory4

Diff4

Microbiology2

Infectious14

Pathophysiology1

Sporulation1

Spore1

Bacillus1

Diarrheal1

Stool assays1

Difficilis1

Patients with severe1

Susceptibility1

Clindamycin1

Severity1

Therapeutic1

Acute2

Organisms4