DiskectomyDiskectomy, PercutaneousIntervertebral Disc DisplacementCervical VertebraeLumbar VertebraeSpondylosisSpinal FusionIntervertebral DiscRadiculopathyLongitudinal LigamentsInternal FixatorsDiscitisIntervertebral Disc DegenerationEndoscopyDecompression, SurgicalLaminectomySciaticaOperating TablesTotal Disc ReplacementMicrosurgeryBone PlatesIntervertebral Disc ChemolysisArthroplastyForaminotomySurgical Procedures, Minimally InvasiveTreatment OutcomeBone TransplantationNeurosurgeryEpidural AbscessLow Back PainMyelographyPain MeasurementDura MaterKetonesSacrumNeck PainHematoma, Epidural, SpinalPiriformis Muscle SyndromeEndoscopesBack PainSpinal Cord CompressionEpidural SpaceSpinal OsteophytosisSpinal StenosisPseudarthrosisFollow-Up StudiesProstheses and ImplantsSpinal Cord DiseasesTimeZygapophyseal JointLordosisPostoperative ComplicationsRetrospective StudiesLumbosacral RegionProspective StudiesMagnetic Resonance ImagingProsthesis ImplantationRange of Motion, ArticularSpinal Nerve RootsPostoperative PeriodDeglutition DisordersSpineDisability EvaluationPain, PostoperativeReoperationSpinal DiseasesRecovery of FunctionBiomechanical PhenomenaOrthopedicsBone ScrewsLaser TherapyBlood Loss, SurgicalAutomationTomography, X-Ray ComputedPatient SatisfactionRecurrenceOutcome Assessment (Health Care)Polyethylene GlycolsTime FactorsPainCost-Benefit AnalysisModels, AnimalSheep