Diploid and haploid chromosome. Medical search. Frequent questions

The resulting recombinase-coated ssDNA filaments can invade the homologous chromosome dsDNA, searching for a complementary sequence (chromosome pairing), which will foster genetic material exchange. (nature.com)
Prior to the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and recombine to ensure their proper disjunction at anaphase I. Additionally, telomeres tethered at the nuclear envelope cluster in the bouquet configuration where they are subjected to dramatic pulling forces acting from outside of the nucleus. (biorxiv.org)
Chromo-somes form homologous pairs (tetrads), and crossing over occurs, where certain genes from each chromosome physically interact and swap over. (cheatography.com)
I think you nicely laid out the three most reasonable definitions of ploidy, but Dana also points out that the classical use of diploid (as with most eukaryotes) defies each of these definitions because it infers the acquisition of unique but homologous chromosomes from each parent. (asmblog.org)
These chromosomes are organized into pairs, with each pair consisting of two homologous chromosomes. (proprofs.com)
These cells contain 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes. (quizlet.com)
The DNA sequences of the homologous chromosomes couple up and align with one another, which is followed by an exchange of genetic material between them. (tutorialspoint.com)

The zygote then starts to divide by mitosis (see Chapter 3) to form a new animal with all its body cells containing chromosomes that are identical to those of the original zygote (see diagram 13.1). (wikibooks.org)
Haploid organisms reproduce via mitosis cell division and have one set of chromosomes. (phys.org)
A) In haplontic life cycles mitosis is limited to the haploid phase, with plasmogamy of gametes followed by meiosis. (phys.org)
B) In diplontic life cycles, mitosis only occurs in the diploid phase with haploid cells only functioning as gametes. (phys.org)
D) The dikaryotic life cycle is an alternative to alternation of haploid and diploid generations which lacks diploid mitosis and instead has a phase with two nuclear genotypes undergoing synchronous division. (phys.org)
The authors explain how a mutation in a eukaryotic diploid cell is maintained as a heterozygous cell line because during mitosis all pairs of sister chromosomes (chromatids) become aligned and separated together in a plane perpendicular to the division plane making that every daughter cell inherits the mutation. (asmblog.org)
Helpful review on chromosomes which focuses on terms such as diploid and haploid, mitosis and meiosis, and zygote versus gamete. (biologycorner.com)
During mitosis, the chromosomes condense into a more compact form and the nucleolus shrinks, then disappears altogether. (nanomedicine.com)

Meiosis is a sexual division that halves the diploid somatic chromosomal complement to a haploid state. (nature.com)
Meiosis is a specialized cellular program required to create haploid gametes from diploid parent cells. (biorxiv.org)
Chromosome segregation errors during meiosis are the leading cause of birth defects and developmental delays in humans ( H assold and H unt 2001 ). (biorxiv.org)
Diploid organisms have two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, and most commonly reproduce via meiosis. (phys.org)
Also, in plants and many lower organisms meiosis results in the formation of haploid spores, not gametes. (cheatography.com)
Meiosis I. Two haploid cells are formed from a diploid cell. (brainscape.com)
Nondisjunction in meiosis can lead to an abnormal number of chromosomes in the resulting cells, which is the cause of Down syndrome, Turner's syndrome, and Klinefelter's syndrome. (proprofs.com)
Here we identify causes underlying hybrid infertility of two recently diverged fission yeast species Schizosaccharomyces pombe and S. kambucha , which mate to form viable hybrid diploids that efficiently complete meiosis, but generate few viable gametes. (elifesciences.org)
In the eukaryotic process of meiosis , which involves genetic recombination, diploid mother cells divide to create haploid cells known as gametes . (tutorialspoint.com)
The gametes that result from meiosis in the gonads of the parents have just 23 chromosomes apiece, which are genetic recombinants of the DNA sequences found in the parental chromosomes. (tutorialspoint.com)

A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
This produces two haploid gametes, such as sperm and egg in humans, which fuse to form a new diploid organism. (phys.org)
A haplotype ( haploid genotype ) is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent. (wikipedia.org)
For example, consider a diploid organism and two bi-allelic loci (such as SNPs ) on the same chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
In sexual reproduction , a gamete (such as an egg or sperm cell) with a single set of chromosomes (haploid) combines with another gamete to produce a zygote, which then develops into an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes. (tutorialspoint.com)

Holomastigotoides has notably been studied to observe the mechanisms of chromosomal pairing and segregation in haploid and diploid cells. (wikipedia.org)
[5] In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation . (wikipedia.org)
Some use the term chromosome in a wider sense, to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, either visible or not under light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
This means each contains only half the chromosomes of the body cells ( haploid ). (wikibooks.org)
Each daughter cell divides into 2 cells, forming a total of 4 haploid cells for the whole process. (cheatography.com)
With this term he emphasized that prokaryotic chromosome segregation differs fundamentally from that of eukaryotes in that it prevents the maintenance of genetically heterozygous lines, even in polyploid cells . (asmblog.org)
Using our recently established haploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), we generated a genome-wide loss-of-function library targeting 18,166 protein-coding genes to define the essential genes in hPSCs. (nature.com)
Wutz, A. Haploid mouse embryonic stem cells: rapid genetic screening and germline transmission. (nature.com)
Leeb, M. & Wutz, A. Derivation of haploid embryonic stem cells from mouse embryos. (nature.com)
Forward and reverse genetics through derivation of haploid mouse embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
Generation of genetically modified mice by oocyte injection of androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
Androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells produce live transgenic mice. (nature.com)
Genetic modification and screening in rat using haploid embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
Generation of haploid embryonic stem cells from Macaca fascicularis monkey parthenotes. (nature.com)
Derivation and differentiation of haploid human embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
Under the right circumstances, a switch in the developmental pathway can be induced in haploid, immature pollen cells so that embryogenesis and subsequent plant regeneration occurs instead of the production of mature pollen. (databasefootball.com)
Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of cells that contain genetic information. (proprofs.com)
Unlike the so-called diploid cells that each contain the entirety of an organism's genetic code, gametes are haploid, which means they only carry half. (sciencefriday.com)
They need to combine with other haploid cells to create a fully functional set of chromosomes. (sciencefriday.com)
Students also practice chromosome math using chickens as a model, which have 78 chromosomes in body cells. (biologycorner.com)
Mules are infertile because they inherit 32 chromosomes from their horse parent, but only 31 chromosomes from their donkey parent-and so have an odd chromosome that they cannot pair-off when they make sperm or egg cells. (elifesciences.org)
Although hybrids of these two species inherit three chromosomes from each parent, the majority of spores (the yeast equivalent of sperm) that these hybrids produce fail to develop into new yeast cells. (elifesciences.org)
Joe reached this conclusion from the results of crossing with both diploid and tetraploid pollen as well as from the morphology of the plant, and I reached the same conclusion by measuring the long axis of the stomata guard cells and by making slides for a chromosome count. (louisianas.org)
Only gametes (sperm and eggs) are haploid, which means that these cells contain 23 chromosomes. (quizlet.com)
Human diploid cells, by comparison, have two copies of 23 chromosomes (46 chromosomes total) and human haploid gametes (egg and sperm) have only one copy of 23 chromosomes. (futurity.org)

Fertilization results in the joining of the male and female gametes to form a zygote which contains the full number of chromosomes ( diploid ). (wikibooks.org)
Each cell of the developing child will contain 23 chromosomes from each parent, for a total of 46 when the nuclei of the gametes combine to create a fertilized egg or zygote. (tutorialspoint.com)
Rare previous investigations of this kind of zygote suggested a diploid or a hypotriploid chromosome constitution. (bvsalud.org)

A set of pairs of chromosomes is called diploid and a set of only one half of each pair is called haploid. (wikipedia.org)
The haploid genotype (haplotype) is a genotype that considers the singular chromosomes rather than the pairs of chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
It can be all the chromosomes from one of the parents or a minor part of a chromosome, for example a sequence of 9000 base pairs . (wikipedia.org)
In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. (proprofs.com)
Each cell in the human reproductive system has 23 pairs of 46 chromosomes . (tutorialspoint.com)

Gametes are haploid (n). (cheatography.com)

This means they only have one set of chromosomes, or one of each kind (as do human sperm and eggs). (kids.net.au)

On the other hand, androgenesis is the development of a haploid embryo from a male nucleus. (louisianas.org)
In this case the maternal nucleus is inactivated or eliminated shortly after fertilization and only the male nucleus embryo will develop into a diploid plant with all of the chromosomes coming from the male parent. (louisianas.org)
1141 The number of nucleoli in a eukaryotic cell nucleus normally is determined by the number of chromosomes with secondary constrictions, or nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). (nanomedicine.com)
The human genome contains five NORs per haploid chromosome set, or 10 NORs per diploid nucleus, each located near the tip of a chromosome. (nanomedicine.com)
However, instead of 10 separate nucleoli, the typical human nucleus contains a single large nucleolus representing the fusion of loops of chromatin from the 10 separate chromosomes with NORs ( Fig. 8.48 ). (nanomedicine.com)
A diploid nucleus containing two haploid sets of chromosomes. (wordinfo.info)

Phenotypic characteristics of diploid organisms result from the activities of two genes in most cases. (asmblog.org)
First, it is used to mean a collection of specific alleles (that is, specific DNA sequences) in a cluster of tightly linked genes on a chromosome that are likely to be inherited together-that is, they are likely to be conserved as a sequence that survives the descent of many generations of reproduction. (wikipedia.org)
Some scientists suggest that drones are so fragile because they have only one set of chromosomes (also known as being "haploid"), giving them no opportunity to compensate for inferior genes with alternate gene versions (alleles). (americanbeejournal.com)
With no alternative alleles to compensate for those with lethal mutations, haploid drones carrying harmful alleles act as genetic martyrs, leaving behind a population of males with more robust genes to pass on to the next generation. (americanbeejournal.com)
Since drones are born from unfertilized eggs, all of their genes come from the queen, and haploid susceptibility helps maintain a lineage that is free of genetic aberrations. (americanbeejournal.com)
No genes are shared between the avian ZW and mammal XY chromosomes, and from a comparison between chicken and human, the Z chromosome appeared similar to the autosomal chromosome 9 in human, rather than X or Y, suggesting that the ZW and XY sex-determination systems do not share an origin, but that the sex chromosomes are derived from autosomal chromosomes of the common ancestor of birds and mammals. (artandpopularculture.com)
Balanced chromosome rearrangements (BCRs) can cause genetic diseases by disrupting or inactivating specific genes, and the characterization of breakpoints in disease-associated BCRs has been instrumental in the molecular elucidation of a wide variety of genetic disorders. (bvsalud.org)

In humans, aneuploidy would be any number of chromosomes other than the usual 46. (genome.gov)
Keywords: Haploid - A cell with one set on each chromosome (in Humans - 23). (ubc.ca)
Among humans and other mammals , males typically carry an X and a Y chromosome (XY), whereas females typically carry two X chromosomes (XX), which are a part of the XY sex-determination system . (artandpopularculture.com)
This means it has two full sets of chromosomes, or two of each kind of chromosome (as do humans, who have 46 chromosomes, or two sets of 23 each, although the X/Y is a mismatch). (kids.net.au)
This triggered my curiosity already when I was at undergraduate level, because almost all well-studied multicellular organisms (including humans) have a dominant diploid generation. (lu.se)

Fig. 1: Establishment and characterization of a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen in haploid hPSCs. (nature.com)
Microfluidic whole genome haplotyping is a technique for the physical separation of individual chromosomes from a metaphase cell followed by direct resolution of the haplotype for each allele. (wikipedia.org)
Its genome contains one genome copy from the S. uvarum parental genome and two heterozygous copies of the S. cerevisiae parental genome, with the exception of a monosomic S. cerevisiae chromosome III, where the sex-determining MAT locus is located. (frontiersin.org)
This genome constitution supports that the original hybrid from which the spore was obtained likely originated by a rare-mating event between a mating-competent S. cerevisiae diploid cell and either a diploid or a haploid S. uvarum cell of the opposite mating type. (frontiersin.org)
The P. knowlesi parasite has a ≈25 megabase genome of 14 chromosomes ( 11 , 12 ), haploid in blood stage infections and recombining in a brief diploid stage after male and female parasites mate in the mosquito vector, so informative studies require analysis of loci throughout the genome. (cdc.gov)
Most of the unread genome just belonged to centromeric regions, these are special sections of chromosomes that are necessary for cell division, and they usually consist of tandem repeating DNA sequence units. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

Diploid organisms have one chromosome from each parent. (asmblog.org)
That's the point about diploid organisms. (asmblog.org)
Normally these organisms have their DNA organized in two sets of pairwise similar chromosomes . (wikipedia.org)

In the end, the egg cell contained three sets of chromosomes-two from the diploid somatic cell, and one from the haploid egg. (the-scientist.com)

Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). (wikipedia.org)
During metaphase the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome, which is highly condensed and thus easiest to distinguish and study. (wikipedia.org)

Dominant and located on the Y chromosome! (proprofs.com)
In vascular plants, the principal generation phase is the large, dominant, nutritionally-independent sporophyte , which is diploid with two sets of chromosomes per cell . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
They share the common trait of having a life cycle in which the dominant generation is haploid, with a single set of chromosomes in each cell, whereas the diploid generation, with two sets of chromosomes in each cell, is short-lived. (lu.se)
How is genetic variability maintained despite a dominant haploid life cycle? (lu.se)

When an egg is fertilized by a sperm, two sets of chromosomes combine (one set from the mother, the other from the father) to produce a diploid individual. (sare.org)
Dana Boyd pointed out that in prokaryotes the term refers to sets of identical chromosomes, unlike in eukaryotes, where each chromosome of a set is usually different. (asmblog.org)
Diploid (2n): 2 sets of chromosomes. (mindmeister.com)
In this case both the male and female participate in the formation of the embryo, but the two sets of chromosomes remain as separate entities and develop their own line of growth. (louisianas.org)

We started to look at the haploid versus diploid relationships in these fungi as opposed to higher fungi like mushrooms, bread molds and yeasts, things that people more commonly associate when they think of fungi," Simmons said. (phys.org)
Mycologists theorized that the higher fungi began as haploids that eventually gave rise to diploids. (phys.org)

The sporophyte, or parent plant, is diploid. (kids.net.au)
This is where sexual fertilization takes place, and a new diploid sporophyte then grows. (kids.net.au)

But, back to the ploidy conundrum, I think the common use of the term diploid in prokaryotes is an unfortunate historical accident that confuses students. (asmblog.org)

In non-vascular plants, the principal generation phase is often the gametophyte , which is haploid with one set of chromosomes per cell. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The spore and the gametophyte, however, are haploid. (kids.net.au)

The andromerogones for 5 sperm species showed a half of their respective diploid chromosome numbers without chromosome elimination. (bioone.org)
This method is applicable for analysis of the haploid male chromosome complement in sea urchin species for which only sperm can be obtained. (bioone.org)
Male production in haplodiploid species can be complex-in some situations, diploid males can be formed. (sare.org)
All potential benefits associated with the ability to generate doubled haploid material may thus be unlocked for this economically important species. (databasefootball.com)
In addition, tissue culture-related albinism, common in all members of the grass family, further complicates efficient doubled haploid production in this species. (databasefootball.com)
But although it is widespread, haploid susceptibility seems counter-intuitive: A drone's specialty is reproduction, arguably the most important job to ensure the survival of a species. (americanbeejournal.com)
Like many aspects of a drone's life, haploid susceptibility could be viewed as a sacrificial act, helping to sustain higher species fitness through a form of genetic cleansing. (americanbeejournal.com)

Male honey bee, been devoloped with diploid genom from unfertilized eggs. (bee-info.com)

The events of meiotic prophase follow a specialized round of DNA replication when the meiotic chromosome axis is formed. (biorxiv.org)
A . Schematic of the bouquet configuration of chromosomes during meiotic prophase I. The spatial arrangement of chromosomes with telomeres clustered and attached at the inner nuclear membrane is shown. (biorxiv.org)
In the diagram, for prophase I say 'chromosomes pair,' no need to add the 'up. (cheatography.com)

In his famous textbook The Cell in Development and Heredity , Wilson linked together the independent work of Boveri and Sutton (both around 1902) by naming the chromosome theory of inheritance the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory (the names are sometimes reversed). (wikipedia.org)

If the pod parent is tetraploid the embryos will be haploids with the diploid number of chromosomes. (louisianas.org)

The result is the production of four haploid gametes, each with half the chromosomes of each parent cell but with the genetic material in the parental chromosomes recombined after two rounds of cell division. (tutorialspoint.com)

Each haploid cell is replicated, centromeres divide. (brainscape.com)
Interestingly, my very first scientific work, my thesis, was devoted to cloning and sequencing the first fragment of a chromosome containing these alpha-like repeats of DNA centromeres. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Centromeres in all chromosomes were considered homogeneous, consisting of identical repeats. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

A multicellular diploid phase or generation is created after numerous cell divisions occur without the number of chromosomes changing. (tutorialspoint.com)

In plants the spores develop into gametophytes, the haploid plants that produce the gametes. (cheatography.com)
the other was due to three different sites in the DNA of S. kambucha that interfere with the development of the spores that inherit S. pombe chromosomes. (elifesciences.org)

Rad51b c.92delT/c.92delT mice exhibited meiotic DNA repair defects due to RAD51 and HSF2BP/BMRE1 accumulation in the chromosome axes leading to a reduction in the number of crossovers. (nature.com)
Surprisingly, the nup2Δ ndj1Δ double mutant failed to segregate chromosomes, even though the meiotic program continued. (biorxiv.org)
At least three distinct meiotic drive alleles, one on each S. kambucha chromosome, independently contribute to hybrid infertility by causing nonrandom spore death. (elifesciences.org)

If the egg is not fertilized, the haploid egg containing a single set of chromosomes will develop into a male. (sare.org)
The sameness cancels out the diploid state at that particular genetic location, or sex-determining locus , and the genetic instructions are only translated as if they came from a single, haploid chromosome. (sare.org)
Using either in vivo or in vitro methods to double the chromosomes of a haploid individual or cell containing a single chromosome set ( n ), doubled haploids can be created in a single generation. (databasefootball.com)
Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete (such as an egg or sperm cell) has a single set of chromos (diploid). (tutorialspoint.com)

This means the males are haploid, and the females are diploid-a condition called haplodiploidy (see sidebar). (sare.org)
Haploid males seem like a perplexing trick of nature from the human perspective. (sare.org)
Diploid males occur when there is inbreeding in a population,with the result that a chromosome from the mother and one from the father have the exact genetic information in a critical place. (sare.org)
Our job is to be good stewards of our environment, which will allow bees to avoid the threat of inbreeding and production of diploid males on their own. (sare.org)
Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because the allele for colorblindness is recessive and located on the X chromosome. (proprofs.com)
This means that males, who have only one X chromosome, are more likely to express the recessive allele if they inherit it. (proprofs.com)
it has also been supported in other insects with haploid males, such as ants and wasps. (americanbeejournal.com)

However, regions of bacterial chromosomes undergo duplications at a very high frequency, and once duplicated these regions can be further amplified to high levels. (asmblog.org)
It may be that the ability of bacterial chromosomes to quickly undergo gene amplification in response to environmental selection is an effective alternative to the stable maintenance of one copy of each chromosome from both parents - seemingly different processes that are both effective solutions to the demands of evolution. (asmblog.org)
However, mapping chromosome breakpoints using traditional methods, such as in situ hybridization with fluorescent dye-labeled bacterial artificial chromosome clones (BAC-FISH), is rather laborious and time-consuming. (bvsalud.org)

What is the number of chromosomes in a normal human karyotype? (proprofs.com)
A normal human karyotype consists of 46 chromosomes. (proprofs.com)
This is the correct answer because it accurately represents the number of chromosomes in a normal human karyotype. (proprofs.com)

This year the blooms have been pollinated with both diploid and tetraploid pollen and both have produced pods. (louisianas.org)

It is thought that identifying these statistical associations and a few alleles of a specific haplotype sequence can facilitate identifying all other such polymorphic sites that are nearby on the chromosome. (wikipedia.org)

Walter Sutton (left) and Theodor Boveri (right) independently developed the chromosome theory of inheritance in 1902. (wikipedia.org)
It is clear that the number of gene copies per cell could be significant for regulation of gene expression, but the effects of multiple haploid nuclei are insignificant compared to the consequences of real diploid nuclei which have two independently inherited and therefore possibly different copies of each gene. (asmblog.org)

சில உயிரினங்களில் பொதுவான உடல் உயிரணுக்கள் ஒருமடிய (haploid) நிலையிலும், வேறு சிலவற்றில் உடல் உயிரணுக்கள் இருமடிய (diploid) நிலையிலும், இன்னும் சிலவற்றில் உடல் உயிரணுக்கள் பல்மடிய (polyploid) நிலையிலும் காணப்படும். (wikipedia.org)

[4] Before this happens, each chromosome is duplicated ( S phase ), and both copies are joined by a centromere , resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured above), if the centromere is located equatorially, or a two-arm structure, if the centromere is located distally. (wikipedia.org)

Females, on the other hand, have two X chromosomes, so they are more likely to be carriers of the recessive allele without showing the trait themselves. (proprofs.com)

The offspring gets one chromosome in each pair from each parent. (wikipedia.org)
However, even if a hybrid inherits the same number of chromosomes from each parent, if the chromosomes from the two parents have different structures, the hybrid may still be infertile. (elifesciences.org)
One of my crosses, Professor Sigmund X chimera, as well as Joe Mertzweiller's TD 87-34, show that diploid plants can result when the parent plant is a tetraploid. (louisianas.org)
In spite of it having a tetraploid as the pod parent both of us have come to the conclusion that the plant is a diploid. (louisianas.org)
If the parents are very similar it might never be noticed that the plant is really a chimera with sectors of diploid growth from each tetraploid parent. (louisianas.org)

In our paper, we report the responses to in vitro doubled haploid production of several multi-parental populations of perennial ryegrass. (databasefootball.com)
These populations were created by crossing parental plants with contrasting doubled haploid induction abilities so that their progeny segregated for such traits as embryo production, plant regeneration and percentage of albino plants produced. (databasefootball.com)

Aided by the rediscovery at the start of the 1900s of Gregor Mendel 's earlier work, Boveri was able to point out the connection between the rules of inheritance and the behaviour of the chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
We describe the populations' responses in detail and hypothesize about the inheritance of the distinct component traits important for efficient doubled haploid production. (databasefootball.com)
These findings are described in the recently published article entitled Inheritance patterns of the response to in vitro doubled haploid induction in perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) , in the journal Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture . (databasefootball.com)

However many nucleoids E. coli may have it is haploid:they are all identical. (asmblog.org)

Otto Bütschli was the first scientist to recognize the structures now known as chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)

The ability to produce doubled haploid (DH) plant material, which is 100% homozygous at every genomic locus, is of great benefit to both research and breeding. (databasefootball.com)

Autosomal" means that the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes. (genome.gov)

We developed a method for preparing male chromosomes from sea urchin hybrid andromerogones created with cryopreserved sperm. (bioone.org)
Inbreeding and resulting diploid male production might occur when there is severe disturbance in the environment such that only small, local populations of bees remain that must mate among relatives. (sare.org)

Anatomy43

Organisms1

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes70

Information Science3

Homologous7

Mitosis8

Meiosis10

Organism5

Cells25

Zygote3

Pairs5

Gametes are haploid1

Sperm and Eggs1

Nucleus6

Genes7

Humans5

Genome6

Organisms3

Somatic1

Metaphase2

Dominant4

Sets4

Fungi2

Sporophyte2

Prokaryotes1

Gametophyte2

Species7

Eggs1

Prophase3

Heredity1

Embryos1

Genetic material1

Centromeres3

Multicellular1

Spores2

Meiotic3

Single4

Males7

Bacterial3

Human3

Pollen1

Alleles1

Independently2

Polyploid1

Copies1

Females1

Parent5

Parental2

Inheritance3

Identical1

Structures1

Locus1

Means1

Male2