Aspartic proteases (also "aspartyl proteases", "aspartic endopeptidases") are a catalytic type of protease enzymes that use an activated water molecule bound to one or more aspartate residues for catalysis of their peptide substrates. (wikipedia.org)
Nearly all known aspartyl proteases are inhibited by pepstatin. (wikipedia.org)
Retroviral and retrotransposon proteases (retroviral aspartyl proteases) are much smaller and appear to be homologous to a single domain of the eukaryotic aspartyl proteases. (wikipedia.org)
Aspartyl proteases are a highly specific family of proteases - they tend to cleave dipeptide bonds that have hydrophobic residues as well as a beta-methylene group. (wikipedia.org)
While a number of different mechanisms for aspartyl proteases have been proposed, the most widely accepted is a general acid-base mechanism involving coordination of a water molecule between the two highly conserved aspartate residues. (wikipedia.org)
HIV-1 protease - a major drug-target for treatment of HIV Plasmepsin - a group of aspartyl proteases found in the Malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium Glutamic protease The Proteolysis Map Fusek M, Mares M, Vetvicka V (2013-01-01). (wikipedia.org)
Cysteine2
Unlike serine or cysteine proteases these proteases do not form a covalent intermediate during cleavage. (wikipedia.org)
EC3.4.141), is a lysosomal cysteine protease capable of removing dipeptides from the amino terminus of protein substrates. (justia.com)
Small peptides2
Finally, at the brush border, peptidases are present that cleave peptides down to small peptides and amino acids, ready for uptake into enterocytes and transport to the blood. (springer.com)
The protease not only releases small peptides, such as the amyloid-β peptide, which drives Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, but also intracellular domains, which can have critical functions in nuclear signaling. (cipsm.de)
Serine2
Consistent with its role in the activation of serine proteases from hematopoetic cells, DPPI is also relatively highly expressed in neutrophils, cytotoxic lymphocytes, natural killer cells, alveolar macrophages and mast cells. (justia.com)
In light of the role DPPI plays in activating certain pro-inflammatory serine proteases, the problem of the present invention is to prepare compounds that inhibit its activity, which thereby inhibit downstream serine protease activity. (justia.com)
Peptides1
Therefore, after these typical treatments to obtain collagen hydrolysate, peptides with varying lengths and varying C- and N-terminal amino acids are formed. (springer.com)
Amino acid2
In modern-day enzymes, although the three-dimensional structures are very similar, the amino acid sequences are more divergent, except for the catalytic site motif, which is very conserved. (wikipedia.org)
Compared with intact protein, the ingestion of protein hydrolysate accelerates protein digestion and absorption in the gut, increases amino acid availability after passage through the stomach, and tends to increase the incorporation rate of dietary amino acids into skeletal muscle protein [ 2 ]. (springer.com)
Lactic acid2
Without adequate levels of malate and magnesium, there is increased anaerobic glycolysis, resulting in increased pyruvate production and increased lactic acid, both of which increase pain perception. (resultsinjuryrehab.com)
The available energy is gradually depleted and the metabolism displaces from aerobic to anaerobic, less efficient in energy [adenosine triphosphate (ATP)] generation, favoring lactic acid production. (earthwormexpress.com)
Protein2
For subjects suffering from reduced absorptive capacity, it can be an option to consume protein in hydrolyzed form to facilitate the uptake of essential amino acids [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
The end product of protein digestion is a complex mixture of primarily dipeptides and tripeptides, along with individual amino acids [ 14 ]. (springer.com)
Drug-target1
γ-Secretase is a pivotal intramembrane-cleaving protease complex and important drug target for Alzheimer's disease. (cipsm.de)
Role1
Abraham and Flechas explain the synergistic role of magnesium and malic acid in the genesis of ATP. (resultsinjuryrehab.com)
Step1
The rate limiting Krebs Cycle step in the genesis of ATP is malic acid (malate). (resultsinjuryrehab.com)
Generation1
Central to ATP generation is the Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle). (resultsinjuryrehab.com)