• The overexpression of a membrane protein designated P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a typical phenotypic marker of pleiotropic drug resistance. (ashpublications.org)
  • small integral membrane protein 3 [Sour. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Three arms exist in the ER stress response: the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathways, where each of the sensor proteins is a membrane protein ( Figure 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The results of the immunofluorescence test (IFT) and confocal microscopy showed that rTsDPP1 specifically bound to macrophages, and the binding site was localized on the cell membrane. (bvsalud.org)
  • The C/EBP family of transcription factors regulates viral and cellular CCAAT/enhancer element-mediated transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phosphorylation of eIF2α on Ser51 inhibits 5' cap-dependent mRNA translation, resulting in the global suppression of protein synthesis to facilitate adaptation to a variety of stresses linked to protein synthesis, including proteotoxic stress, viral replication, heme depletion and amino acid withdrawal [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ATP binding cassette subfamily C member. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • The first subfamily of proteins (c-Rel, RelB, p65/RelA) contains a C-terminal transactivation domain. (oncotarget.com)
  • The second subfamily of proteins (p105 and p100) has a C-terminal region that contains multiple copies of ankyrin repeats, instead of a transactivation domain, and can bind to and inhibit Rel proteins. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cellular identity is determined by the transcriptional profile which comprises the subset of mRNAs, and therefore proteins, being expressed by a cell at a given point in time. (silverchair.com)
  • They are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in plants, metazoans, and mammals, and are predicted to control the activity of 30% of all protein-coding genes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • p100 and p105 can however undergo limited proteolysis to generate p52 and p50, respectively, which can form heterodimers with Rel proteins to form transcriptional activators [ 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • In vivo, the increase in CYP3A6 by hypoxia is associated with the increased expression and nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and constitutive androstane receptor ( Fradette and du Souich, 2003 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Furthermore, ectopically expressed NPAS3 in PC12 cells produced parallel responses for nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells [NF-κB (P65)] expression, which specifies that NPAS3 regulates VGF through the NF-κB signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • IκBζ, an atypical member of the nuclear IκB family of proteins, is expressed at low levels in most resting cells, but is induced upon stimulation of Toll-like/IL-1 receptors through an IRAK1/IRAK4/NFκB-dependent pathway. (oncotarget.com)
  • The eIF2α kinases phosphorylate Ser51 of eIF2α which leads to suppression of global protein synthesis but selective enhancement of translation of some mRNAs, such as that encoding ATF4. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C/EBP proteins contain the bZIP region, which is characterized by two motifs in the C-terminal half of the protein: a basic region involved in DNA binding and a leucine zipper motif involved in dimerization. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA-binding motifs formed from two alpha-helixes which intertwine for about eight turns into a coiled coil and then bifurcate to form Y shaped structures. (lookformedical.com)
  • This family of proteins comprises two subfamilies that share a DNA-binding and dimerization domain called the Rel homology domain (RHD) [ 4 ] and form homo- or hetero- dimers. (oncotarget.com)
  • 1992). "Molecular cloning of two C/EBP-related proteins that bind to the promoter and the enhancer of the alpha 1-fetoprotein gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Second, Mutated enhancer box (E-box) of VGF promoter showed a significant response to this basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, which suggested an indirect regulatory mechanism for controlling VGF expression by NPAS3. (frontiersin.org)
  • κB site within VGF promoter was identified for VGF activation induced by NPAS3, apart from direct binding to E-box. (frontiersin.org)
  • Administration of PZ regained the diurnal clock gene expression, increased Nfe2l2 and Pparg expression, and reduced Rela, Cxcl5 expression and IL-6, TNF-alpha, and cellularity in BAL. (bvsalud.org)
  • During ER stress-a state of functional imbalance-adaptive and restorative programs such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD), or autophagy, come into play [ 12 ] [ 13 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying leucine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. (lookformedical.com)
  • In vivo, in rats, hypoxia increased the mRNA and protein expression of P-glycoprotein but did not affect the mRNA of breast cancer resistance protein and organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein. (lookformedical.com)
  • The mammalian ER stress response consists of three arms: the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathways. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • An enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthetic pathway to LEUCINE , forming isopropyl malate from acetyl-CoA and alpha-ketoisovaleric acid. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein gamma (C/EBPγ) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEBPG gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The human GR protein is produced from 9 exons of the GR gene and is composed of 3 major subdomains, each of which has specific structural and functional properties. (brainimmune.com)
  • Further, the GR gene expresses a splicing variant GRbeta, which does not bind glucocorticoids but functions as a dominant negative isoform for GRalpha. (brainimmune.com)
  • CCAAT/enhancer binding protein gamma may cooperate with Fos to bind the positive regulatory element-I (PRE-I) enhancer elements. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) signaling pathway-related proteins and genes were detected with an emphasis on the role of miR-9. (bvsalud.org)
  • The C/EBP family consist of several related proteins, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, C/EBPγ, C/EBPδ, C/EBPζ, and C/EBPε, that form homodimers and that form heterodimers with each other. (wikipedia.org)
  • Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins . (lookformedical.com)
  • Compared with rabbits breathing room air, hypoxia in rabbits reduced the amount of CYP1A1, 1A2, 2B4, 2C5, and 2C16 proteins and increased the expression of CYP3A6. (aspetjournals.org)
  • There were elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, total cells, macrophages, and lymphocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with a significant increase in vascular congestion and cellular infiltrates in male mouse lung tissue. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Golgi apparatus not only plays key roles in the transport, processing, and targeting of proteins, but also functions as a sensor of stress, signaling through the Golgi stress response. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The DNA-binding residues are located in the bifurcated region of the Y. (lookformedical.com)
  • EH domain binding protein 1 like 1 [Sou. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • endothelial PAS domain protein 1 [Sourc. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Neuronal PAS domain protein 3 (NPAS3) and VGF (VGF Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Inducible) are important for neurogenesis and psychiatric disorders. (frontiersin.org)
  • Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by expansion of polyglutamine repeats in the protein huntingtin, which affects the corpus striatum of the brain. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • One stimulus that triggers the ER stress response is the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In the PERK arm, during stress, PERK dissociates from the chaperone protein, binding immunoglobulin protein/glucose-regulated protein 78 (BiP/GRP78), and undergoes dimerization and phosphorylation. (encyclopedia.pub)