• Isotope dilution analysis is a method of determining the quantity of chemical substances. (wikipedia.org)
  • In its most simple conception, the method of isotope dilution comprises the addition of known amounts of isotopically enriched substance to the analyzed sample. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mixing of the isotopic standard with the sample effectively "dilutes" the isotopic enrichment of the standard and this forms the basis for the isotope dilution method. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isotope dilution is classified as a method of internal standardisation, because the standard (isotopically enriched form of analyte) is added directly to the sample. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, unlike traditional analytical methods which rely on signal intensity, isotope dilution employs signal ratios. (wikipedia.org)
  • Owing to both of these advantages, the method of isotope dilution is regarded among chemistry measurement methods of the highest metrological standing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Analytical application of the radiotracer method is a forerunner of isotope dilution. (wikipedia.org)
  • An early application of isotope dilution in the form of radiotracer method was determination of the solubility of lead sulphide and lead chromate in 1913 by George de Hevesy and Friedrich Adolf Paneth. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the 1930s, US biochemist David Rittenberg pioneered the use of isotope dilution in biochemistry enabling detailed studies of cell metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isotope dilution is analogous to the mark and recapture method, commonly used in ecology to estimate population size. (wikipedia.org)
  • The number of fish native to the lake can be calculated using the following equation: n A = n B × 10 1 = 50 {\displaystyle n_{\mathrm {A} }=n_{\mathrm {B} }\times {\frac {10}{1}}=50} This is a simplified view of isotope dilution but it illustrates the method's salient features. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isotope dilution is almost exclusively employed with mass spectrometry in applications where high-accuracy is demanded. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, all National Metrology Institutes rely significantly on isotope dilution when producing certified reference materials. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to high-precision analysis, isotope dilution is applied when low recovery of the analyte is encountered. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to the use of stable isotopes, radioactive isotopes can be employed in isotope dilution which is often encountered in biomedical applications, for example, in estimating the volume of blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhang G, Jia W, Ren Y, Wu Y. Biomarker analysis of hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and glycidamide enantiomers for mid-term internal exposure assessment by isotope dilution ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)
  • Hielscher J, Monien BH, Abraham K, Jessel S, Seidel A, Lampen A. An isotope-dilution UPLC-MS/MS technique for the human biomonitoring of the internal exposure to glycidol via a valine adduct at the N-terminus of hemoglobin. (cdc.gov)
  • The increased blood volume is associated with elevated cardiac output, which increases by 30-50% above baseline levels by 25 weeks. (medscape.com)
  • Cardiac output (CO) refers to the volume of blood ejected from the heart over a period of time. (cms.gov)
  • Measurement of blood flow allows calculation of cardiac output, which enables clinicians to more accurately administer fluids (colloid or crystalloid intravenous solutions) needed to achieve adequate tissue perfusion. (cms.gov)
  • Background: The authors developed an indicator dilution technique for small animals to repeatedly determine cardiac output and blood volume without cardiac instrumentation or blood sampling. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Conclusions: Fluorescent dye dilution and video microscopy can be used to repeatedly determine cardiac output or blood volume in small animals. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Rivers, RJ , Beckman, JB & Frame, MDS 2001, ' Technique for using video microscopy and indicator dilution for repeated measurements of cardiac output in small animals ', Anesthesiology , vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 489-495. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Sometimes, a low serum sodium measurement is caused by an excess of certain substances (eg, glucose, lipid) in the blood (translocational hyponatremia, pseudohyponatremia) rather than by a water-sodium imbalance. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In contrast to the relative simplicity of spirometric volumes, a variety of disparate techniques have been developed for the measurement of absolute lung volumes. (ersjournals.com)
  • Tracer Dilution Techniques: blood volume measurement, mixing time of two fluid, residence times. (ac.bd)
  • One μl of the malathion dilution or methanol (control) was added to 5μl of C. alleganiensis serum and incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature before measurement of activity, as described previously. (vin.com)
  • Comprehensive information on the effect of time and temperature storage on the measurement of elements in human, whole blood (WB) by inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry (ICP-DRC-MS) is lacking, particularly for Mn and Se. (cdc.gov)
  • To measure plasma volume, use radiolabeled albumin (iodine-131 [ 131 I]), similar to the process used with the red blood cell mass measurement. (medscape.com)
  • Principles of the indicator dilution theory were applied to estimate values of absolute rCBV (mL/100 g). (ajnr.org)
  • To determine the performance of a rapid fluorescent indicator technique for measuring plasma volume (PV). (karger.com)
  • Dye concentrations were quantified 15 min after the injections for initial PV measurements using the indicator-dilution principle. (karger.com)
  • It can be calculated by multiplying the stroke volume (SV, the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one contraction) by the heart rate (HR, beats per minute), though other methods can be used to calculate CO (Fick technique, Indicator-dilution technique, Pulmonary artery catheterization with thermodilution). (cms.gov)
  • By calculations based on the indicator dilution and mass balance principles, plasma expansion was similar between protocols. (silverchair.com)
  • We evaluated the less invasive arterial double indicator dilution method (TDD) as an alternative. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plasma volume increases by 45-50%, and red cell mass increases by 20-30%, resulting in anemia of pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • People with positive PET scans have lower Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios in their blood and CSF, though amyloid levels vary by such a small margin in plasma that abnormality is harder to detect in blood than CSF ( Aug 2019 conference news ). (alzforum.org)
  • It is also possible that marked hypovolemia (abnormally low levels of blood plasma) may lead to poor response to an initial fluid challenge. (cms.gov)
  • The magnitude of haemorrhage was expressed as percentage of initial total blood volume after plasma volume determination by dye dilution. (scialert.net)
  • Note that the ECF volume is not the same as effective plasma volume. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The resulting water retention increases plasma dilution and hyponatremia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Adequate federal regulations, recommendations, and guidelines for blood and plasma are already established and are not addressed in this document. (cdc.gov)
  • Dilution of lidocaine diminishes and delays the peak plasma lidocaine concentrations, thereby reducing potential toxicity. (liposuction.com)
  • However, our understanding of how pathogens interact with cellular and humoral host factors in blood is limited, mainly due to technical issues: While it is relatively easy to study the interaction of pathogens with isolated blood cells, or their survival in serum or plasma, such approaches lack the complexity of interactions between different types of immune cells and additional factors, e.g., complement, present in blood. (frontiersin.org)
  • The gel forms a stable barrier between the plasma and the blood cells during and after centrifugation.The plasma can be extracted and utilized for examination. (narang.com)
  • Sodium Citrate Tubes blood collection tubes contain a measured amount of citrate solution and are used for coagulation determinations in citrated plasma. (narang.com)
  • b) Plasma volume decreases throughout gestation. (seekhealthz.com)
  • Platelet-Rich-Plasma (PRP) eye drops are a further blood-derived eye therapy option that can be considered when conventional treatment fails to resolve severe Dry Eye Disease . (onpointmedicals.at)
  • Measure red blood cell mass and plasma volume when repeated hematocrit levels exceed 52% in males and 47% in females. (medscape.com)
  • formal red blood cell mass and plasma volume studies are unnecessary in those cases. (medscape.com)
  • As a practical note, most nuclear medicine departments perform these tests very infrequently, which may raise questions about the reliability and validity of red blood cell mass and plasma volume measurements. (medscape.com)
  • Plasma volume can also be calculated indirectly using total red blood cell mass and the hematocrit value. (medscape.com)
  • Decreased plasma volume with a normal red blood cell mass indicates a relative polycythemia or erythrocytosis, similar to the increased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels associated with severe dehydration. (medscape.com)
  • Decreased plasma volume due to dehydration is the most common cause of elevated hemoglobin or hematocrit levels in the general population. (medscape.com)
  • This is a prospective paired sample study where whole blood from each chosen patient is used for harvesting COVID-19 convalescent plasma using both the Hemoclear filter device and the centrifugal method by spinning at 3400 rpm for 10.22 minutes. (who.int)
  • The nAb titer will be calculated as the highest plasma dilution that eliminated the cytopathic effect in 50% of the wells (NT50). (who.int)
  • Volume Depletion Volume depletion, or extracellular fluid (ECF) volume contraction, occurs as a result of loss of total body sodium. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Urine concentration and dilution: regulation of extracellular fluid osmolarity and sodium concentration. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This technique allows different alternatives depending on how the reinfusion liquid is added: pre-dilution (before the dialyser) and post-dilution (after the dialyser), each of them having advantages and disadvantages. (isciii.es)
  • A statistically significant higher value for KT was obtained for the post-dilution haemodiafiltration technique, requiring half the replacement volume of the pre-dilution mode. (isciii.es)
  • Better KT results were achieved with this technique, requiring half the replacement volume, with the resulting saving in ultra-pure water. (isciii.es)
  • The tumescent technique uses large volumes of a dilute anesthetic solution to produce swelling and firmness of targeted areas. (liposuction.com)
  • However, with appropriate instrumentation and surgical method, the tumescent technique permits liposuction of large volumes of fat totally by local anesthesia, without IV sedation or narcotic analgesia. (liposuction.com)
  • Preload with this technique is determinated by measuring intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) and global enddiastolic volume index (GEDVI) instead of filling pressures CVP and PCWP. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ANH is a technique in which whole blood is removed from a patient, while the circulating blood volume is maintained with acellular fluid. (your-doctor.net)
  • The determination of regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) from dynamic susceptibility-enhanced MR imaging measurements is an established tool for the characterization of ischemia (16−18) and enables the differentiation of normal from abnormal perfusion (19) . (ajnr.org)
  • Clinical chemistry measurements are based on optical spectrometry for most of the blood molecules and also based on potentiometry for a few blood ions. (horiba.com)
  • Clinical chemistry measurements are based on optical spectrometry and potentiometry for a few specific blood ions. (horiba.com)
  • Measurements of absolute lung volumes, residual volume (RV), functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) are technically more challenging, which limits their use in clinical practice. (ersjournals.com)
  • The role of lung volume measurements in the assessment of disease severity, functional disability, course of disease and response to treatment remains to be determined in infants, as well as in children and adults. (ersjournals.com)
  • Nevertheless, in particular circumstances, measurements of lung volume are strictly necessary for a correct physiological diagnosis 1 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Systemic blood pressure decreases slightly during pregnancy, with the diastolic pressure falling approximately 10-20% and reaching a nadir at 28 weeks. (medscape.com)
  • The hematogenous is by far the most frequent route for systemic infections of various bacterial and fungal pathogens, in the most severe cases leading to blood stream infections ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Survival in blood can thus be considered a major virulence trait in the development of systemic infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • They do not believe they are the urine to the pumping is to relax the blood vessels and relaxation of blood through the body. (atime.org)
  • Alternatively, fluid management can be based solely on the clinical assessment of hemodynamic variables such as heart rate, systolic blood pressure, central venous pressure (CVP), and urine output, with no attempt to measure blood flow. (cms.gov)
  • Serum and urine electrolytes and osmolality and assessment of volume status help determine the cause. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In hypovolemic hyponatremia, both serum osmolality and blood volume decrease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Our objectives were to: 1) determine if amphibian ChE could be measured in whole blood and/or serum samples, and if so, 2) demonstrate that ChE activity in the samples would be consistently inhibited in vitro by the addition of the organophosphate, malathion. (vin.com)
  • Serum and whole blood from free-ranging eastern hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) was collected in Ohio and Pennsylvania, shipped on ice, and frozen at -80°C until use. (vin.com)
  • Serum and blood was collected in non-heparinized syringes and stored in additive free or lithium heparinized plastic microtainer tubes, respectively. (vin.com)
  • A colorimetric (Ellman) assay 2 was used to measure ChE activity in serum (n=7) and whole blood (n=4). (vin.com)
  • Serum from all animals had measurable ChE activity (2-20μl volumes) and measures of serum ChE from the same animal were not significantly different. (vin.com)
  • For each serum sample (n=5), ChE activity was measured in 6 subsamples, one each of the 5 malathion dilutions, and 1 methanol control. (vin.com)
  • The authors thank Drs. Barbara Wolfe and Tiffany Wolf of The Wilds (Cumberland, Ohio, USA) for providing the serum and whole blood samples used in this study. (vin.com)
  • NET Plain tubes with clot activators are used for collecting blood samples and extracting serum by centrifugation, for clinical examinations. (narang.com)
  • Eye drops made from blood serum are "similar to normal tears" 1 and show a high efficacy in therapy with patients suffering from severe ocular surface problems. (onpointmedicals.at)
  • Healing success is founded on the effect of the product's ingredients, which include substances occurring in the blood serum, such as the epithelial growth factor (EGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), Vitamin A and others. (onpointmedicals.at)
  • Autologous serum eye drops are derived from a patient's own blood serum , and allogenic serum eye drops are provided from screened healthy volunteer blood donors. (onpointmedicals.at)
  • The majority of blood banks and hospitals , in particular those processing allogenic serum eye drops, screen donors for infectious diseases beforehand . (onpointmedicals.at)
  • The blood then coagulates and is centrifuged: the serum is separated from the clotted blood. (onpointmedicals.at)
  • The following values were recorded: systolic and diastolic arterial pressure and cardiac frequency pre- and post-session, blood flow, venous pressure, volume of blood dialysed and replacement volume. (isciii.es)
  • Pre-dilution haemodiafiltration may be an alternative for patients where a high arterial flow cannot be achieved. (isciii.es)
  • Measuring arterial oxygen saturation is important to exclude generalized hypoxemia as a cause of increased red blood cell mass. (medscape.com)
  • Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone [ADH]) secretion increases despite a decrease in osmolality to maintain blood volume. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For human blood, opsonization was shown to decrease platelet interaction suggesting that complement factors interfere with fungus-to-platelet binding. (frontiersin.org)
  • After pregnancy, the blood volume of the pregnant mother's body will increase by nearly 50% than usual, and the red blood cells will decrease relatively. (anutric.com)
  • The QIAamp RNA Blood Mini Kit provides silica-membrane-based purification of cellular RNA from up to 1.5 ml of fresh, whole human blood stabilized with any common anticoagulant, such as citrate, heparin, or EDTA. (qiagen.com)
  • By comparing the spatial and temporal characteristics of the BOLD response over the barrel with those of the two ORIS signals, we examined whether a positive BOLD signal reflects indeed a washout of deoxyhemoglobin or alternatively a blood volume effect, i.e., a relative change of the intravascular water fraction in a given voxel. (jneurosci.org)
  • These include the following: body plethysmography (using various methodologies), nitrogen washout, gas dilution, and radiographic imaging methods. (ersjournals.com)
  • The term "lung volume" usually refers to the volume of gas within the lungs, as measured by body plethysmography, gas dilution or washout. (ersjournals.com)
  • The outcome of one full blood donation varies a lot depending on the volume per vial and dilution. (onpointmedicals.at)
  • Water and Sodium Balance Body fluid volume and electrolyte concentration are normally maintained within very narrow limits despite wide variations in dietary intake, metabolic activity, and environmental stresses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Blood is arguably the most important bodily fluid and its analysis provides crucial health status information. (elifesciences.org)
  • The net changes in extravascular volume, assumed to be interstitial fluid volume, were 8.6 +/- 3.3 and 8.1 +/- 3.1 ml/kg, and 22.5 +/- 1.5 and 22.1 +/- 1.6 ml/kg in the corresponding protocols. (silverchair.com)
  • Volume kinetic analysis demonstrated extravascular fluid accumulation associated with isoflurane anesthesia similar to the calculated interstitial accumulation of 20.2 +/- 0.5 and 26.5 +/- 0.3 ml/kg in the ISOSV and ISOMV protocols, respectively. (silverchair.com)
  • Isoflurane, but not mechanical ventilation, decreased urinary excretion and increased interstitial fluid volume. (silverchair.com)
  • A given volume of IV fluid will have a larger effect of a smaller specimen. (aacc.org)
  • Dilution with IV fluid of a specimen drawn for a CBC could lead to an unnecessary transfusion. (aacc.org)
  • This is called fluid overload (volume overload). (medlineplus.gov)
  • In people with heart failure , fluid collects in the lungs, liver, blood vessels, and body tissues because the heart does a poor job of pumping it to the kidneys. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The body may lose too much fluid due to diarrhea , vomiting, severe blood loss, or high fever. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Often, in people with fluid imbalance, a high or low blood level of sodium or potassium is present as well. (medlineplus.gov)
  • During the sample dilution step, a small volume of whole blood is extracted from a larger whole blood patient specimen after the entire specimen is mixed (vortexed) to create a uniform distribution of cellular components. (cdc.gov)
  • Pb) are known to be associated mostly with the red blood cells in the specimen and a uniform distribution of this cellular material must be produced before a small volume extracted from the larger specimen will accurately reflect the average metal concentration of all fractions of the larger specimen. (cdc.gov)
  • These clots prevent the uniform distribution of cellular material in the blood specimen even after rigorous mixing, making a representative sub-sample of the larger specimen unattainable. (cdc.gov)
  • If the patient has a line available, it is common to draw a blood specimen from the line. (aacc.org)
  • Tested immediately, a 1 ml blood specimen (Hct 40) contaminated with 1 drop (0.075 ml) of D5 (glucose 5000 mg/dl) would have a glucose of 644 mg/dL. (aacc.org)
  • The specimen used is whole blood obtained by routine venipuncture and collected in a blue-top tube containing 3.2% concentrated citrate. (medscape.com)
  • The present document integrates and consolidates the recommendations of the current American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society Task Force on pulmonary function standards, and the recommendations from an earlier National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) workshop convened by the ATS. (ersjournals.com)
  • decreased expiratory reserve volume definitely changes. (medscape.com)
  • The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the volume of gas that can be maximally exhaled from the end-expiratory level during tidal breathing ( i.e. from the FRC). (ersjournals.com)
  • QIAamp technology yields total cellular RNA from fresh whole blood and other sample sources that is ready to use in RT-PCR and blotting procedures. (qiagen.com)
  • QIAamp RNA Blood Mini Kits provide a fast, easy method for the preparation of total cellular RNA from up to 1.5 ml of human whole blood. (qiagen.com)
  • This method directly measures the Cd, Mn, Hg, Pb, and Se content of whole blood specimens using mass spectrometry after a simple dilution sample preparation step. (cdc.gov)
  • To address this need, we introduce the continuous, cell-by-cell morpho-rheological (MORE) analysis of diluted whole blood, without labeling, enrichment or separation, at rates of 1000 cells/sec. (elifesciences.org)
  • ChE activity could not be reliably measured in whole blood samples. (vin.com)
  • Whole-blood models can help to elucidate host-pathogens interactions and have been used for several Candida species in human blood. (frontiersin.org)
  • We adapted the human whole-blood model to murine blood. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results reveal substantial differences between murine and human whole-blood models infected with C. albicans and thereby demonstrate limitations in the translatability of this ex vivo model between hosts. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, we previously established an ex vivo human whole-blood infection model that allowed us to define which immune cells interact with the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans ( 4 ), to identify cross-talk between different components of the host response ( 5 ), and to detect substantial differences between related fungal pathogens ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • NET EDTA tubes are used for haematology purposes, where whole blood is required for examination. (narang.com)
  • The amount of the reagent is suggested to be used 5 µL of antibody per test (million cells in 100 µL staining volume or per 100 µL of whole blood). (elabscience.com)
  • Whole blood is collected without anticoalgulant from donors , and must be allowed to clot before processing. (onpointmedicals.at)
  • Storage temperatures of −20°C and 4°C are equivalent to −70°C for stability of Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Hg in human whole blood for at least 36 months when blood is stored in sealed polypropylene vials. (cdc.gov)
  • The first donated 500 ml of whole blood will be processed at the National Blood Bank. (who.int)
  • 500 ml of whole blood will be filtrated by the Hemoclear filter method. (who.int)
  • 3. Levels of IgG, IgM , IgA and fibrinogen measured from whole blood after collection of donor blood (td). (who.int)
  • About 3,600 dual specimens blood film samples for parasite diagnosis and filter paper blood spots for serology (using the immunofluorescence antibody test) were collected from the general population, including school populations, whenever possible. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, specimens from children tend to be a smaller volume then from adults. (aacc.org)
  • For the current study, Janelidze and colleagues used blood samples from 182 cognitively normal and 104 mildly cognitively impaired participants in the Swedish BioFINDER cohort, who had amyloid PET scans and CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios on record. (alzforum.org)
  • During pregnancy, liver blood flow remains normal as maternal intravascular volume increases. (medscape.com)
  • In active labor, hyperventilation increases and tachypnea caused by pain and anxiety might result in marked hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis, adversely affecting fetal oxygenation by reducing uterine blood flow. (medscape.com)
  • Maternal blood volume increases progressively, peaking at a value of approximately 40% above baseline by the third trimester. (medscape.com)
  • hypertensive drug therapy, what do you do to lower blood pressure it also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and heart attack or stroke by a heart attack. (atime.org)
  • The volume of gas inhaled or exhaled during the respiratory cycle is called the tidal volume (TV or V T ). (ersjournals.com)
  • This could be a sign of blood sugar imbalance. (enerex.ca)
  • This results in extreme thirst, dehydration, and chemical imbalance of the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Blood dilution causes the pregnant mother to appear "physiological anemia" during pregnancy. (anutric.com)
  • and 36 months at −20°C and 4°C. This equivalence was true for all elements and pools except for the low concentration blood pool for Cd. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, if bacteremia or fungemia occurs transiently or intermittingly, pathogens might not be detectable in every blood sample during hematogenous dissemination ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Blood volume determined from the steady state dye concentrations was 6.2 ± 0.5 ml/100 g body weight, within the normal range for hamsters. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • These might identify bacteria or measure the concentrations of certain molecules in the blood, for example. (elifesciences.org)
  • The production volume in April 2017 was approximately 70% higher than our first visit which likely contributed to the higher concentrations measured in some areas. (cdc.gov)
  • One of the first steps is to obtain a blood sample and to count how many of the different blood cells are present in it. (elifesciences.org)
  • Since the liquid citrate dilutes the blood, it is essential that the tube is completely filled with blood sample so that the dilution is properly carried out.NET Sodim Citrate tubes ensure a constant mixing ratio of one part citrate to nine parts of blood. (narang.com)
  • The test is performed by adding calcium and thromboplastin, an activator of the extrinsic pathway, to the blood sample then measuring the time (in seconds) required for fibrin clot formation. (medscape.com)
  • An adult sample tube with a volume of 5 mL must be filled completely or to at least 60-80% of its volume, as an incompletely filled tube may result in a falsely prolonged clotting time. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, lung volumes derived from conventional chest radiographs are usually based on the volumes within the outlines of the thoracic cage, and include the volume of tissue (normal and abnormal), as well as the lung gas volume. (ersjournals.com)
  • As the body causes the blood what's the best way to lower blood pressure vessels to relax, it can also cause your damage to the narrowing. (atime.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor(PDGF/VEGF) family, is active in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and endothelial cell growth and survival, and can also affect the permeability of blood vessels. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Dissemination of pathogens from a primary site of colonization or infection can occur via different routes, including lymphatic vessels and the blood stream ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • RV refers to the volume of gas remaining in the lung after maximal exhalation (regardless of the lung volume at which exhalation was started). (ersjournals.com)
  • TLC refers to the volume of gas in the lungs after maximal inspiration, or the sum of all volume compartments. (ersjournals.com)
  • If steps are not taken to prevent this process from occurring, i.e. addition of anti-coagulant reagents such as EDTA in the blood collection tube prior to blood collection, blood will immediately begin to form clots once leaving the body and entering the tube. (cdc.gov)
  • EDTA functions effectively to cover the calcium ions of the blood, thereby preventing blood coagulation.NET EDTA gel tubes contain EDTA coating and a special gel at the base. (narang.com)
  • Exclusion of prospective blood donors based on their acknowledged risk behaviors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection began in 1983 (1). (cdc.gov)
  • In 1985, when tests for HIV antibody became available, screening prospective donors of blood, organs, and other tissues also began (2,3). (cdc.gov)
  • A transversal prospective study was conducted of a population in dialysis already being treated with on-line haemodiafiltration, using each of the modes (pre- and post-dilution) with them for 4 weeks. (isciii.es)
  • These alterations possibly induce severe vessel stenosis, causing prolonged phases of locally limited blood supply. (ajnr.org)
  • To measure red blood cell mass, calculate the total red blood cell mass from the dilution factor and a known volume of radiolabeled (chromium-51 [ 51 Cr]) autologous red blood cells. (medscape.com)
  • In mice, as the most commonly used laboratory animal for in vivo experiments, the blood volume that can be withdrawn repeatedly is very limited and thereby hampers in depth analysis of interactions within blood. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fast, low-angle shoot functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), based on the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effect, was combined with optical recording of intrinsic signals (ORIS) and 2-deoxyglucose labeling in gerbil barrel cortex. (jneurosci.org)
  • Red blood cells are selectively lysed and white cells collected by centrifugation. (qiagen.com)
  • A first routine measure to narrow down diagnosis in clinical practice is the differential blood count, determining the frequency of all major blood cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • In a drop of blood we can identify all major blood cells and characterize their pathological changes in several disease conditions in vitro and in patient samples. (elifesciences.org)
  • This approach takes previous results of mechanical studies on specifically isolated blood cells to the level of application directly in blood and adds a functional dimension to conventional blood analysis. (elifesciences.org)
  • A large number of certain white blood cells, for example, can show that the body is fighting an infection. (elifesciences.org)
  • But there might be several reasons why the number of white blood cells has increased, so this information alone is often not enough for a specific diagnosis. (elifesciences.org)
  • Can we get more decisive information from the initial blood test by measuring other properties of the blood cells? (elifesciences.org)
  • This method forces the blood cells in a small drop of blood to flow extremely rapidly through a narrow microfluidic channel while they are imaged by a fast camera. (elifesciences.org)
  • A computer algorithm can then analyze the size and stiffness of the blood cells in real-time. (elifesciences.org)
  • show that this approach can detect characteristic changes that affect blood cells as a result of malaria, spherocytosis, bacterial and viral infections, and leukemia. (elifesciences.org)
  • Furthermore, many thousands of blood cells can be measured in a few minutes - fast enough to be suitable as a diagnostic test. (elifesciences.org)
  • The Automatic Hematology Analyzer is an in vitro diagnostic device that used for quantitative analysis of blood cells in medical laboratories, and it can realize three classifications of the count results of white blood cells. (contechealth.com)
  • The red blood cells (300 ml) will not be used. (who.int)
  • The residual red blood cells (200-300 ml) and platelets are reinfused into the donor at the end of each filtration procedure. (who.int)
  • Using a quantitative approach, we have recently shown that the total volume of MR imaging lesions detectable on T2-weighted images correlates with clinical status (10, 11) . (ajnr.org)
  • 1974. In: Biological handbooks: Biology data book, Volume III, second edition. (cdc.gov)
  • Blood lead levels measured in previous NHANES programs have been the cornerstone of lead exposure surveillance in the U.S. The data have been used to document the burden and dramatic decline of elevated blood lead levels, to promote the reduction of lead use, and to help to redefine national lead poisoning prevention guidelines, standards, and abatement activities. (cdc.gov)
  • Blood mercury levels will be assessed in two subpopulations particularly vulnerable to the health effects from mercury exposure: children 1-5 years old and women of childbearing age. (cdc.gov)
  • Successive 1/10 dilutions of 10% brain homogenate (frontal cortex) from patients affected by vCJD and sCJD were injected intracerebrally to tgHu (n = 6) and tgBov (n = 6) mice, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • Those 2 patients were different from the 1 whose blood was tested in bioassay ( Table 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We hypothesized that tranexamic acid would reduce blood loss to a greater extent in obese patients than in those of normal weight. (dovepress.com)
  • We first investigated the ability of intravenous tranexamic acid to reduce intraoperative blood loss in knee osteoarthritis patients undergoing unilateral TKA. (dovepress.com)
  • Tranexamic acid can reduce occult blood loss and tourniquet time in obese patients to a greater extent than in patients of normal weight. (dovepress.com)
  • 4 Obesity aggravates this situation and can give rise to greater blood loss, which is correlated with a poor prognosis in surgical patients. (dovepress.com)
  • 5 - 7 Therefore, the importance of blood conservation in obese patients with TKA surgery should not be underestimated. (dovepress.com)
  • These can be offered for immediate treatment or for patients who are unable to donate blood, or for patients with anaemia, poor cardiovascular status, or venous access. (onpointmedicals.at)
  • Obesity can result in increased blood loss, which is correlated with poor prognosis in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). (dovepress.com)
  • Increased total red blood cell mass determines true polycythemia. (medscape.com)
  • Rates of complete remission (CR), prognosis and survival depend on the grade of anemia, thrombocytopenia, white blood cell expansion and karyotypes. (nature.com)
  • The intentional dilution of blood volume often is referred to as acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) anemia. (your-doctor.net)
  • The influence of pregnant women with moderate or above anemia on fetus is mainly reflected in the following chain reactions: if the anemia is serious, the blood oxygen carrying capacity of pregnant women is lower than that of normal pregnant women, which easily leads to placental hypoxia. (anutric.com)
  • Based on Frank-Starling law, ITBVI, GEDVI, CVP, and PCWP have been investigated on their usefulness as preload indicators and for this purpose correlated with stroke volume index (SVI). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The red blood cell mass is increased if it exceeds 35 mg/kg in males and 31 mg/kg in females. (medscape.com)
  • Documentation of an increased red blood cell mass is essential to demonstrate true erythrocytosis. (medscape.com)