GallbladderPancreasUltrasoundMRCPProximalExtrahepatic biliaryERCPLiverDilationCholangiographyComputed tomographyPortal and hepatic veinsHepatic ductsCongenitalStonesDuodenumStricturesAmpullaCholedocholithiasisCholelithiasisPancreatic headMain pancEndoscopyInjury to the bileDuctalAbdominal painResectionPelvicalyceal systemDistal ductGall-bladderAcuteDuodenalFindingsDiameterAscending cholangitisMalignancyPancreaticobiliaryPericholecystic fluidCholecystectomyPerihilarBiliary drainageTumorMalformationAnatomySphincter
Gallbladder19
- Anatomy figure: 38:06-08 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. (wikipedia.org)
- Gallbladder carcinoma is 9 times more common than bile duct malignancy. (medscape.com)
- Upper abdominal ultrasound showed dilated intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and a distended gallbladder. (ispub.com)
- Upper abdominal ultrasound (US) showed dilated intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and a distended gallbladder. (ispub.com)
- An intrabiliary amylase level more than 8000 UI/L within the bile duct and gallbladder obtained endoscopically (ERCP) or percutaneously suggests reflux of pancreatic juice through an anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction and shows a positive predictive value and a specificity of more than 90 % 6 . (radiopaedia.org)
- Further identification upon open cholecystectomy revealed right hepatic artery originates from superior mesenteric artery runs anterior to cystic duct and encircles the gallbladder before further branches into right and left lobe of the liver. (iium.edu.my)
- Right hepatic artery was dissected from the gallbladder and the gallbladder removed after cystic duct ligation and separation from the liver bed. (iium.edu.my)
- Bile, a substance that helps in the digestion of fats, is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. (cagednomoremovie.com)
- A common type of gallbladder surgery, called laparoscopic cholecystectomy, is done through a few small cuts in the abdomen. (cagednomoremovie.com)
- 2 Of interest, some have proposed that the gallbladder may minimize elevations in serum aminotransferases by protecting the liver from rapid increases in biliary duct pressure. (pearls4peers.com)
- Increased progesterone levels cause smooth muscle relaxation, decreased gallbladder contraction, and subsequent bile stasis with formation of gallstones . (amboss.com)
- A complete abdominal ultrasound examination includes real-time scans of the liver, gallbladder, common bile duct, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, abdominal aorta, and inferior vena cava, as well as a demonstration of any abdominal abnormality. (medicalbillingcodings.org)
- The first imaging test for gallbladder and bile duct abnormalities is ultrasound. (medicalbillingcodings.org)
- Third hospitalization, 3 days after discharge from previous hospitalization, following arising colics with progressive ultrasound scan dilatation of bile ducts and evidence of dropsy of the gallbladder . (doctorsmedicalopinion.com)
- Metacercariae are released in the duodenum, enter the common bile duct through the ampulla of Vater, and migrate to smaller intrahepatic ducts (or occasionally the gallbladder and pancreatic ducts), where they mature into adults in about 1 month. (msdmanuals.com)
- They live in the biliary and pancreatic ducts and occasionally in the gallbladder. (cdc.gov)
- The gallbladder may enlarge and become nonfunctional, containing muddy bile ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- Carcinoid tumors and small-cell carcinomas of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts: a comparative study based on 221 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. (cancercentrum.se)
- Should the extrahepatic bile duct be resected or preserved in R0 radical surgery for advanced gallbladder carcinoma? (cancercentrum.se)
Pancreas7
- Tumours in the head of the pancreas may come to obstruct the distal bile duct. (wikipedia.org)
- In a retrospective review (2010-2014) of 4 women with either type II cysts, equivocal for choledochal cyst on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or the possibility of branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas on computed tomography (CT) scan, EUS was able to demonstrate no communication in all cases between the choledochal structure and the common bile duct. (medscape.com)
- Annular pancreas coexisting with replaced common hepatic artery which is also a rare anatomical variation has not been reported previously. (hindawi.com)
- Both annular pancreas and common hepatic artery anomaly are rare. (hindawi.com)
- Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) confirmed that the annular duct formed a loop in the head of the pancreas (Figure 1(b) ). (hindawi.com)
- Intraoperative immediate frozen sections of the resection margins of the common bile duct and pancreas CPDA were free of tumor cells. (giknet.org)
- Ca15-3 was 30UI/L and CA19.9 was 57 UI/L. MRI with cholangiography demonstrated common bile duct dilatation upstreaming of suspect mass in the head of the pancreas. (bmj.com)
Ultrasound8
- an ultrasound, which showed an extrahepatic biliary dilatation, and common bile duct measuring 12.6mm. (hdc.org.nz)
- Blood workup was consistent with obstructive jaundice and ultrasound examination revealed dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts and the common bile duct. (eurorad.org)
- Ultrasound of hepatobiliary system showed cholelithiasis with choledocholithiasis causing dilatation of the common bile duct. (iium.edu.my)
- De Angelis C, Marietti M, Bruno M, Pellicano R, Rizzetto M. Endoscopic ultrasound in common bile duct dilatation with normal liver enzymes. (pearls4peers.com)
- The most common reason to have an abdominal ultrasound scan is to find a cause for abdominal pain. (ultrascan.ie)
- Ultrasound of the liver showed no biliary dilatation. (springeropen.com)
- During transabdominal ultrasound (US), intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct dilatation and stones in the common bile duct were observed (Figure 1A ). (biomedcentral.com)
- Ultrasound scan and MR cholangiography with evidence of bile ducts dilatation . (doctorsmedicalopinion.com)
MRCP5
- Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) allows accurate duct visualisation. (bmj.com)
- We aimed to describe the distribution of physiological duct diameters on MRCP in a population of healthy subjects and to identify factors influencing duct size. (bmj.com)
- [ 16 ] Disadvantages of MRCP include its inability to distend the duct and equivocal findings because of long segments and minimal narrowing in diffuse sclerosing tumors. (medscape.com)
- In resource-limited countries, USG is always the first line screening tool for biliary duct abnormalities which in some cases is comprehensibly enough for the diagnosis of a rare entity like CC, thus requiring a highly specific imaging test like MRCP to be performed to devise an effective treatment and surgical plan. (org.pk)
- On MRCP there was fusiform dilatation of Common hepatic duct, proximal and mid Common bile duct. (pediatricurologycasereports.com)
Proximal6
- This is probably proximal to the level of the pancreatic duct/ampulla since there is no pancreatic duct dilatation. (hdc.org.nz)
- Type IB, which was seen in this case, is the focal dilatation of a segment in the common bile duct excluding its proximal portion. (org.pk)
- Common hepatic duct, proximal and mid Common bile duct measures 6 mm, 7.2 mm and 8 mm respectively with abrupt duct cut off and non-visualization of distal intrapancreatic Common bile duct suggestive of choledochal cyst ( Fig 1 ). (pediatricurologycasereports.com)
- Type A choledochoceles are cystic dilatations of a segment of the intra-ampullary bile duct and are located proximal to the ampullary orifice. (elsevierpure.com)
- Tumors located at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts with the proximal common hepatic duct are called Klatskin tumors. (medscape.com)
- They are generally confined to the proximal ducts. (medscape.com)
Extrahepatic biliary3
- A choledochal cyst (CC) is an infrequent congenital cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic and or extrahepatic biliary ductal system that can cause biliary obstruction and cirrhosis. (org.pk)
- 1 Type 1 CC is characterised by dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary tree only and it is further divided into three subtypes: type IA, type IB, and type IC. (org.pk)
- There is no intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary duct dilatation. (medicalbillingcodings.org)
ERCP5
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) was performed to investigate the biliary or pancreatic duct, but cannulation of the ampulla of Vater could not be performed successfully due to the invasion of the tumor. (hindawi.com)
- 1] The ERCP was performed on 21 June 1999 by Dr J. The report concluded that Mrs K had a mildly dilated extra and intrahepatic biliary system, the cause of which was uncertain, and queried whether she had an obstructed cystic duct from a cystic duct stone obstruction or stone in the neck of the gall bladder. (hdc.org.nz)
- Dr. Agal has routinely performed ERCP for very demanding procedures like CBD Stone Removal, CBD Stenting, Pancreatic Duct Stone Removal and Stenting, and for placement of self-expandable metallic stent in inoperable esophageal, pancreatobiliary and gall bladder malignancies. (kokilabenhospital.com)
- a biliary stent was placed during ERCP in order to guarantee bile ducts patency. (doctorsmedicalopinion.com)
- ERCP performed with dilatation and cleaning of the common bile duct that involved the spillage of corpuscular material and bile with purulent appearance bringing about a fast improvement of symptomatology and a rapid reduction in the amylase values. (doctorsmedicalopinion.com)
Liver7
- On the basis of the site of origin, cholangiocarcinoma can be classified as intrahepatic (arising proximally to the second-order bile ducts, in the context of liver parenchyma), perihilar (originating between second-order bile ducts and the insertion of the cystic duct into the common bile duct), and extrahepatic or distal (below the insertion of common bile duct). (medscape.com)
- Mitricof B, Kraft A, Anton F, Barcu A, Barzan D, Haiducu C, Brasoveanu V, Popescu I, Moldovan CA, Botea F. Severe liver trauma with complex portal and common bile duct avulsion: A case report and review of the literature. (wjgnet.com)
- IN-truh-heh-PA-tik bile dukt) A bile duct that passes through and drains bile from the liver. (cagednomoremovie.com)
- Intrahepatic bile ducts are a network of small tubes that carry bile inside the liver. (cagednomoremovie.com)
- Choledochal cyst is congenital cystic dilatation of bile duct, occurring anywhere between liver and duodenum. (pediatricurologycasereports.com)
- There is mild to moderate dilatation of central and peripheral intrahepatic biliary radicles with liver parenchymal disease. (pediatricurologycasereports.com)
- Dropsy and empyema of the to reach the Lard Can wrong with the liver, bile. (terreirodopaicelinho.com.br)
Dilation9
- Rare deformities of the common bile duct are cystic dilations (4 cm), choledochoceles (cystic dilation of the ampula of Vater (3-8 cm)), and biliary atresia. (wikipedia.org)
- b) Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram shows the annular duct, but no relevant tumor or dilation of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct. (hindawi.com)
- Computed Tomography (CT) revealed intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct dilation. (ispub.com)
- What causes bile duct dilation? (cagednomoremovie.com)
- What does bile duct dilation mean? (cagednomoremovie.com)
- Biliary dilatation (also called dilation) is a procedure to stretch bile ducts that are too narrow. (cagednomoremovie.com)
- A cause of the CBD dilation was found on average in 33% of cases and the most common causes were: CBD stone, chronic pancreatitis, and periampullary diverticulum. (cagednomoremovie.com)
- 1000 units/L) directly proportional to the degree of common bile duct dilation in the absence of any hepatocellular disease on imaging. (pearls4peers.com)
- Balloon dilation of the common bile duct was performed, and a 10 F double pigtail stent was inserted into the cyst. (ogu.edu.tr)
Cholangiography5
- In patients with a short common channel, direct cholangiography (e.g. (radiopaedia.org)
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed entirely narrow, irregular common bile duct and common hepatic duct and unusual cystic dilations in the common hepatic duct and left hepatic duct. (ogu.edu.tr)
- Three months after the endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, cystic dilatations had completely resolved. (ogu.edu.tr)
- Therefore, a MR cholangiography was carried out and revealed an appearance of intra- and extrahepatic bile duct dilatation, evident also at common bile duct level where the picture seems revealing a relevant stenosis. (doctorsmedicalopinion.com)
- Ultrasonography (US), CT, MRI, cholangiography, angiography and scintigraphy are the most common radiological modalities used to evaluate the hepatic graft. (medscape.com)
Computed tomography5
- Computed tomography (CT) scan of a choledochal cyst demonstrating intrahepatic extension involving the main left hepatic duct. (medscape.com)
- Computed tomography (CT) scan of a choledochal cyst involving the common hepatic duct. (medscape.com)
- a) Three-dimensional computed tomography scan of the abdomen reveals the replaced common hepatic artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery. (hindawi.com)
- Urgent contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography indicated the dilated common bile duct (CBD) was perforated, with a presumed diagnosis of perforated CC. Endoscopic external biliary drainage was performed immediately as a bridging procedure to the definitive surgery. (springeropen.com)
- Urgent contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed remarkable dilatation of the CBD. (springeropen.com)
Portal and hepatic veins1
- There is no intra or extra -hepatic bilary dilatation.the portal and hepatic veins shows normal enhancement. (askmehelpdesk.com)
Hepatic ducts1
- Dilatations of the hepatic ducts and common bile duct. (ultrascan.ie)
Congenital1
- Choledochal cyst (CC)-a congenital anomaly of the bile duct-is rare. (springeropen.com)
Stones10
- Benign conditions such as common bile duct stones still can lead to severe hyperbilirubinaemia even though it is very rare. (paom.pl)
- Frossard JL, Morel PM. Detection and management of bile duct stones. (paom.pl)
- Cohen ME, Slezak L, Wells CK, Andersen Dk, Topazian M. Prediction of bile duct stones and complications in gallstone pancreatitis using early laboratory trends. (paom.pl)
- Common bile duct stones are frequently diagnosed worldwide and are one of the main indications for endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography. (storzmedical.com)
- Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) has been used for the removal of bile duct stones for the past 40 years, providing a wide opening to allow extraction. (storzmedical.com)
- EPLBD combined with EST was introduced in 2003 to facilitate the passage of large or multiple bile duct stones using a balloon greater than 12 mm in diameter. (storzmedical.com)
- Several studies have reported this technique as safe and effective in patients with large bile duct stones, without any increased risk of adverse events such as pancreatitis, bleeding, or perforation. (storzmedical.com)
- This article describes the importance of a wide sphincter to facilitate passage of common bile duct stones and stone fragments. (storzmedical.com)
- Either endoscopic sphincterotomy or endoscopic large balloon dilatation are necessary prerequisites when stones are disintegrated. (storzmedical.com)
- It is of note, however, that when bile duct stones are disintegrated with SWL it is necessary to have a wide opening for fragment passage. (storzmedical.com)
Duodenum3
- Choledochoduodenostomy - a surgical procedure to create a connection between the common bile duct (CBD) and an alternative portion of the duodenum. (wikipedia.org)
- The distal ileum is the most common site due to its greater amount of lymphoid tissue and just 0.8-2% of all primary GI lymphomas occur in the duodenum [1, 2]. (eurorad.org)
- Prior CT and MRI of the abdomen showed a 4,7 × 3,4 cm pancreatic head adenocarcinoma completely obstructing the common bile duct and possibly infiltrating the duodenum. (springeropen.com)
Strictures6
- In the absence of symptoms of the primary disease, most patients with bile duct strictures remain asymptomatic until the lumen of the bile duct is sufficiently narrowed to cause resistance to the flow of bile. (medscape.com)
- The etiology of bile duct strictures is sometimes obvious at the time of presentation. (medscape.com)
- This history provides valuable clues regarding the underlying disease and may prove useful in guiding management of patients with bile duct strictures. (medscape.com)
- Asymptomatic patients with bile duct strictures may have unremarkable physical examination findings. (medscape.com)
- Patients with a major surgical injury to the bile duct and those with recurrent strictures and interventions may have evidence of a bile leak in the form of a biliary fistula, biliary peritonitis, or a biloma. (medscape.com)
- He is also dexterous at other intricate interventions related to upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy like dilatations of strictures, polypectomies, variceal banding and glue injections, achalasia dilatation etc. (kokilabenhospital.com)
Ampulla4
- It ends by uniting with the pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla. (wikipedia.org)
- The bile duct terminates by uniting with the pancreatic duct (at an angle of about 60°) to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla. (wikipedia.org)
- The distal extremity of the bile duct invariably features its own sphincteric muscle (the pancreatic duct and the hepatopancreatic ampulla usually possess sphincters of their own to allow the flow of pancreatic juice to be regulated independently, however, these two can be absent). (wikipedia.org)
- Magnetic resonance cholangiogram showed dilatation of the biliary tree and obstruction at the level of the ampulla. (ispub.com)
Choledocholithiasis3
- My patient with choledocholithiasis presents with acute abdominal pain, bile duct dilatation and markedly elevated serum aminotransferases (AST and ALT). (pearls4peers.com)
- The usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis without common bile duct dilatation]. (paom.pl)
- Komarowska M, Snarska J, Troska P, Suszkiewicz R. Recurrent residual choledocholithiasis after cholecystectomy-endoscopic exploration of bile ducts performed 6 times. (paom.pl)
Cholelithiasis1
- Can her markedly elevated AST and ALT levels be caused by cholelithiasis with bile duct obstruction? (pearls4peers.com)
Pancreatic head3
- Prominence of the pancreatic head with atrophy of and pancreatic duct dilatation within the body and tail. (uab.edu)
- Pancreatic head carcinoma with a vascularized inhomogeneous mass and a dilatation of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct. (ultrasoundcases.info)
- The distal common bile duct was compressed in the pancreatic head with a slight prestenotic dilatation. (giknet.org)
Main panc3
- Neither the common bile duct nor the main pancreatic duct was dilated. (hindawi.com)
- A solid tumor obstructing the main pancreatic duct and sticking out of the papilla of Vater was detected and caught via endoscopic intervention. (giknet.org)
- The main pancreatic duct shows a chain-of-lakes appearance due to alternating stenoses and dilatation. (medscape.com)
Endoscopy1
- Treatment of Biliary Obstruction For bile duct obstruction caused by cancer, your doctor will widen and drain your bile ducts using endoscopy or by inserting a needle through your skin. (cagednomoremovie.com)
Injury to the bile1
- The flukes cause mechanical injury to the bile ducts, and their metabolic products irritate the biliary epithelial cells, leading to cell desquamation, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and eventual fibrosis or cancer. (cdc.gov)
Ductal1
- In chronic obstructive pancreatitis, the prominent histologic changes are periductal fibrosis and subsequent ductal dilatation. (medscape.com)
Abdominal pain2
- Two patients were admitted with abdominal trauma, and acute abdominal pain was the common consultation's reason. (researchsquare.com)
- Abdominal pain occurs regardless of age or the presence of biliary dilatation 7 . (radiopaedia.org)
Resection1
- After local resection, the bile and pancreatic ducts were reconstructed. (ispub.com)
Pelvicalyceal system1
- There was gross dilatation of left pelvicalyceal system with parenchymal thinning of left moiety and minimal excretion from left moiety on delayed scan. (pediatricurologycasereports.com)
Distal duct1
- They are most common in the distal duct and in the periampullary region. (medscape.com)
Gall-bladder1
- The gall-bladder and bile ducts laid open. (wikipedia.org)
Acute1
- Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, including pressure-induced damage of hepatocytes and bile salt-induced hepatocyte injury in the setting of acute biliary duct obstruction. (pearls4peers.com)
Duodenal4
- This duodenal thickening caused biliary and pancreatic ducts dilatation. (eurorad.org)
- One of the most common presentations is a diffuse circumferential bulky mass in the duodenal wall, involving a relatively long segment with gradual tapering to a normal mucosa, often associated with regional adenopathies. (eurorad.org)
- Aneurysmal dilatation of the lumen may be seen and excludes other more common causes of duodenal wall neoplastic infiltration, namely adenocarcinoma. (eurorad.org)
- Anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction , also known as pancreaticobiliary maljunction , describes the abnormal junction of the pancreatic duct and common bile duct that occurs outside the duodenal wall to form a long common channel. (radiopaedia.org)
Findings1
- Intraoperative findings were horseshoe kidney with right intrarenal pelvis with right small ureter joining left ureter just distal to narrowed left pelviureteric junction and forming single common ureter draining both moieties of horse shoe kidney. (pediatricurologycasereports.com)
Diameter5
- The bile duct is some 6-8 cm long, and normally up to 8 mm in diameter. (wikipedia.org)
- A common bile duct diameter greater than 7-8 mm is generally indicative of bile duct obstruction in patients without prior cholecystectomy, although some go as low as 6 mm. (cagednomoremovie.com)
- The lower and upper limits of normal common bile duct diameter were found to be 2.0 mm and 7.9 mm respectively in our study. (cagednomoremovie.com)
- Common bile duct: Diameter: 5 mm. (medicalbillingcodings.org)
- Pancreatic duct diameter had normalized. (giknet.org)
Ascending cholangitis1
- In this obstructed state, the duct is especially vulnerable to an infection called ascending cholangitis. (wikipedia.org)
Malignancy1
- Cholangiocarcinoma is a slow-growing malignancy of the bile duct. (medscape.com)
Pancreaticobiliary4
- Objective Changes of the pancreaticobiliary ducts herald disease. (bmj.com)
- It is divided into anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction with biliary dilatation (77%) and without biliary dilatation (23%) 7 . (radiopaedia.org)
- Detection of a dilated common bile duct may be the first clue to suspect pancreaticobiliary maljunction with biliary dilatation. (radiopaedia.org)
- The currently acknowledged etiology of choledochal cyst is the anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction with reflux of pancreatic juice into the common bile duct and the formation of protein plugs or calculi in the bile duct [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Pericholecystic fluid1
- There is no evidence of GB wall thickeneing or pericholecystic fluid collection.the common bile duct measures about 7mm with no evidence of CT density calculi. (askmehelpdesk.com)
Cholecystectomy1
- Does the common bile duct dilate after cholecystectomy? (wikipedia.org)
Perihilar1
- Borderline of a dilated perihilar bile duct, measuring 8 mm. (wikipedia.org)
Biliary drainage1
- The concentration of amylase in the bile was 2040 IU/L. After an endoscopic nasal biliary drainage (ENBD) tube was placed, the general condition of the patient improved. (springeropen.com)
Tumor4
- Dilatation of CBD due to Ampullary tumor. (wikipedia.org)
- It is the most frequent malignant tumor of the biliary tract and is the second most common primary hepatic tumor after hepatoma. (medscape.com)
- Biliary duct dilatation is easily demonstrated with US, but US seldom localizes the tumor mass. (medscape.com)
- It is the second most common primary hepatic tumor after hepatoma. (medscape.com)
Malformation1
- Choledochal cyst (CDC) is a common biliary malformation characterized by common bile duct dilatation with or without intrahepatic bile duct dilatation. (biomedcentral.com)
Anatomy1
- Anatomy of the intrahepatic bile ducts. (cagednomoremovie.com)
Sphincter2
- It possesses its own sphincter to enable regulation of bile flow. (wikipedia.org)
- The text in this article has its focus on technical aspects of sphincter dilatation and SWL is mentioned only en passant. (storzmedical.com)