• Grazing Incidence (reflectivity, diffraction, etc. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • By employing a Langmuir trough integrated with X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction techniques, this study examined the molecular packing structure of 1,2-palmitoyl- sn-glycero -3-phosphocholine (DPPC) films before and after enzyme adsorption and enzyme-catalyzed degradation. (rsc.org)
  • During the last 5-10 years we have studied the electro chemical anodization (electro-oxidation) of aluminium and aluminium alloys [1], an industrial process to increase the corrosion resistance and color of aluminium, using Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GISXRD), X-Ray Reflectivity (XRR) and Grazing Incidence Small Angle Scattering (GISAXS). (lu.se)
  • We use time-resolved grazing incidence X-ray & neutron reflectivity, liquid diffraction and small angle scattering to study formation mechanisms & final structures. (lu.se)
  • The techniques most widely used in this industry are X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. (esrf.fr)
  • In its current conceptual description, DiffMAX offers two experimental stations, one providing excellent capabilities for powder diffraction, and one flexible station equipped for receiving large experimental environments and with high spatial accuracy detector positioning allowing for grazing incidence diffraction and scattering techniques on solids and liquids. (lu.se)
  • Our work reports the design and development of such an experiment at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) using electrochemical grazing incidence x-ray absorption spectroscopy (GIXAS) and electrochemical grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD). (aiche.org)
  • The surface state due to dimer dangling bonds on a clean Si(001)2 × 1 surface has been investigated by grazing-incidence reflection high energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy (RHEED-AES) in which Auger electrons excited by a grazing-incidence electron beam for RHEED are detected. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Shimoshikiryo, F , Takakuwa, Y & Miyamoto, N 1998, ' Observation of dimer dangling bonds on a Si(001) 2 × 1 surface by grazing-incidence reflection high energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy ', Applied Surface Science , vol. 130-132, pp. 123-127. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This requires ultra-high vacuum (UHV) and the routine application of techniques such as low energy electron diffraction (LEED), reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). (warwick.ac.uk)
  • We show how diffraction spectroscopy can be used to unveil the presence of chirality in such racemic nanogratings in the far-field. (rsc.org)
  • The scope of applications and advances, from microscopy to diffraction and spectroscopy, defines the new age of endeavour. (iucr.org)
  • Dense pellets prepared by sintering with NiO as a sintering aid were exposed to up to 10 bar CO 2 (-H 2 ) for up to 150 h at elevated temperatures (400-800°C). After exposure, the pellet surface was analyzed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electrode microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to search for BaCO3 formation. (sintef.no)
  • This book is intended to give overviews of the relevant X-ray scattering techniques, particularly about inelastic X-ray scattering, elastic scattering, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, and high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and, finally, applications of X-ray spectroscopy to study different biological systems. (e-booksdirectory.com)
  • For this purpose we employ the combination of experimental techniques in real and reciprocal spaces, including grazing incidence X-ray scattering and fluorescence, off-specular neutron scattering, flicker spectroscopy, etc. (lu.se)
  • In biology, this type of iridescence results from the formation of diffraction gratings on the surface, such as the long rows of cells in striated muscle , or the specialized abdominal scales of peacock spider Maratus robinsoni and M. chrysomelas . (wikipedia.org)
  • An interferometer incorporating phase-diffraction gratings brings optical accuracy to flatness testing of high slope regions. (laserfocusworld.com)
  • Phase-diffraction gratings divide collimated input into two beams, resulting in an interference pattern with an equivalent wavelength ten times larger than the source light. (laserfocusworld.com)
  • In the grating interferometer, a pair of diffraction gratings are placed in front of and parallel to the object under test (see figure). (laserfocusworld.com)
  • For example, diffraction gratings with specifically adapted polarization properties can be realized. (tu-ilmenau.de)
  • Grazing-incidence small-angle scattering (GISAS) a hybrid approach using small scattering (diffraction) angles with X-rays or neutrons. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have implemented a flexible Grazing Incidence Small-Angle Scattering (GISAXS) simulation code in the framework of the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) that effectively utilizes the parallel processing power provided by graphics processors and multicore processors. (lbl.gov)
  • Currenlt I use the techniques of surface diffraction, grazing-incidence small angle scattering, and X-ray microscopy using small beams. (lu.se)
  • An experimental and simulation study of the full strain tensor and of strain-induced magnetocrystalline anisotropies in arrays of lithographically patterned (Ga,Mn)As on GaAs(001) is performed using a coherent diffraction lensless microscopy technique. (edpsciences.org)
  • Triple-chain phospholipid monolayers - a scanning force microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction study. (mpg.de)
  • The exceptional quality of our samples is demonstrated by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. (aps.org)
  • It occurs in many different areas: Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), where electrons of relatively high energy diffract at small angles from a surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD), which is similar to RHEED but uses X-rays, and is also used to interrogate surface structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Applied RHEED : reflection high-energy electron diffraction during crystal growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • In his PhD, he focused on the preparation and characterization of epitaxially grown organic thin films by (grazing incidence) X-ray diffraction using lab instruments and synchrotron sources. (anton-paar.com)
  • M-STAR will enable improved grazing incidence diffraction measurements, as a surface-sensitive depth-resolved probe of, e.g., the out-of-plane component of atomic magnetic moments in ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and more complex structures as well as in-plane atomic-scale structures inaccessible with contemporary diffractometry and reflectometry. (ornl.gov)
  • The D6 PHASER can be equipped with a range of sample stages for a large variety of X-ray diffraction applications, including capillary transmission, grazing incidence diffraction, X-ray reflectometry, residual stress, texture analysis, and non-ambient investigations. (photonics.com)
  • Reflection high-energy electron diffraction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The intensity of the surface state component increased with decreasing the incidence angle of the electron beam. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The angles of incidence of the two beams at the object plane drive the equivalent wavelength of the interference pattern. (laserfocusworld.com)
  • Excited-state geometries determined by time-resolved synchrotron diffraction are summarized with emphasis on their comparison with a series of theoretical results. (iucr.org)
  • Grazing incidence diffraction (GID) is a technique for interrogating a material using small incidence angles for an incoming wave, often leading to the diffraction being surface sensitive. (wikipedia.org)
  • Red is seen from longer angles of incidence than blue. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the beams pass through grating 2, the diffraction process redirects them to converge on the same object point at different angles of incidence. (laserfocusworld.com)
  • The software computes the diffraction image for any given superposition of custom shapes or morphologies in a user-defined region of the reciprocal space for all possible grazing incidence angles and sample orientations. (lbl.gov)
  • Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction measurements show that the confining volume disrupts polymer ordering by reducing crystallinity and grain size, as well as changing crystal orientation. (wisc.edu)
  • For an ideal circular aperture, the 2-D diffraction pattern is called an "airy disk," after its discoverer George Airy. (newideas.net)
  • Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) is an important technique in the characterization of samples at the nanometre scale. (lbl.gov)
  • X-ray standing waves, another X-ray variant where the intensity decay into a sample from diffraction is used to analyze chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
  • The flattening of the energy resolution at small slit width is due to the diffraction limited source size. (lu.se)
  • We describe a characterization method based on diffraction for obtaining the phase response of spatial light modulators (SLMs), which in general exhibit both amplitude and phase modulation. (holoeye.com)
  • The structural changes, which allow polarization rotation, have been directly measured using grazing incidence in-plane x-ray diffraction (at NSLS X21 and X22C). (aps.org)
  • Grazing-incidence femtosecond X-ray diffraction is used to study the non-equilibrium structural dynamics in bismuth after intense near-infrared laser excitation on timescales ranging from 200 fs to 400 ps. (iucr.org)
  • Real-time studies of structural dynamics by femtosecond X-ray diffraction are reviewed, discussing results for single-crystal and polycrystalline polar materials. (iucr.org)
  • Zero diffraction is found for symmetric dual beam incidence to a leaky symmetric waveguide grating. (wiley.com)
  • However, both infrared spectrometry and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analysis revealed no detectable calcium carbonate. (acs.org)
  • Since 1982, standard calibration materials recommended for respirable crystalline silica analysis by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) P7 Infrared Method and the NIOSH X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analytical Method 7500 have undergone minor ch. (cdc.gov)
  • The two-grating method involves diffraction, so it is complicated by tight grating tolerances and by the need to suppress transmission of the zero diffractive order. (laserfocusworld.com)
  • METHODS: Using US Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network data during 1996-2019 and mixed effects quasi-Poisson regression, we estimated the expected yearly incidence for nine enteric pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • New horizons will be opened by the development of an option to probe near-surface dynamics with inelastic grazing incidence scattering in the time-of-flight mode. (ornl.gov)
  • It can be reconfigured into a normal incidence monochromator (cNIM). (lu.se)
  • Bruker's D6 PHASER X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) system is a benchtop XRD platform designed with analytical flexibility typically only available in larger, floor-standing systems. (photonics.com)
  • It enables high-contrast switching of diffraction controlled with the relative phase. (wiley.com)
  • One of the characteristics of influenza pandemics is the high incidence of infections in all age groups because of the lack of population immunity. (cdc.gov)
  • Severe illness outcomes, such as hospitalization and death, are likely less affected by changes in testing practices and can be used as indicators of the expected case incidence trend had testing methods not changed. (cdc.gov)
  • A diffraction grating consists of a large number of regularly spaced grooves on a substrate. (newideas.net)