• miRNA-149 was underexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and cells, while overexpression of miRNA-149 promoted cell apoptosis, retarded cell cycle, and inhibited proliferation and migration in AGS and MKN28 cells. (hindawi.com)
  • It possesses a unique forkhead domain combined with a fragment of the target gene to initiate transcription [ 10 ] and regulates various biological processes such as tumor cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and migration [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Unlike the invasive carcinomas, borderline ovarian tumors are characterized by cytoplasmic and nuclear atypia, (element of differential diagnosis with benign tumors), absence of stromal invasion, (element of differential diagnosis with malignant tumors), unusual degree of proliferation of the epithelial cells with cellular stratification including remarkable architectural atypia and the formation of papillary protuberances. (intechopen.com)
  • Nests are large and crowded and may show fusion, as a result of epithelial proliferation that exceeds what is seen in benign Brenner tumor. (cap.org)
  • Augments the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate naive T-cell proliferation. (joplink.net)
  • The serine/threonine protein kinase BRAF is an important player in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway that transduces mitogenic signals from activated cell-surface growth factor receptors to the cell nucleus and as a result modulates many important cellular processes, such as tumor growth, differentiation, proliferation, and angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
  • Mechanistically, EBF2 uniformly activates Pparγ-expression in pancreatic cancer cells and limits cell proliferation, whereas oncogenic drivers are expressed differentially in the progenitor cell subsets. (amegroups.org)
  • The complex PDAC pathobiology is established predominantly through KRAS mutations and the associated cellular signaling that contributes to cell proliferation and dedifferentiation ( 5 , 6 ). (amegroups.org)
  • 1% proliferation index in tumor cells. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Genetic ablation of TMEM9 inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo mouse models. (nature.com)
  • PD-1 expression by cancer cells blocks the proliferation of T-cells. (shu.edu)
  • P15 INK4 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclind-CDK4,6, inhibiting it from hypophosphorylating Rb, thereby, rendering the cell cycle unresponsive to external proliferation signals. (shu.edu)
  • Pax6 serves as a regulator in the coordination and pattern formation required for differentiation and proliferation to successfully take place, ensuring that the processes of neurogenesis and oculogenesis are carried out successfully. (biolegend.com)
  • STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
  • As activation of c-myc expression promotes cell proliferation and blocks differentiation, it may positively regulate cell growth. (wdv.com)
  • Beta-catenin is a central component of the Wnt signaling pathway that controls cell proliferation and differentiation. (eurekalert.org)
  • Ultrasonography (USG)-guided tru-cut biopsy from lesion showed proliferation of neoplastic cells, which were spindled, exhibiting marked nuclear atypia with metaplastic osteoid deposition and woven bone formation with differentials of metaplastic carcinoma and osteosarcoma of the left breast. (asjo.in)
  • Histologic examination revealed a hypercellular tumoral proliferation formed by large atypical monomorphic cells with large vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant light eosinophilic cytoplasm. (medscape.com)
  • Malignant proliferation showing large monomorphic cells with some epithelioid (A1E/AE3) or angiocentric aspects without clear vascular differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • This immunophenotype excluded a carcinoma, a lymphoid, melanocytic, germ cell, or neuroglial proliferation, and the diagnosis of sellar and suprasellar epithelioid angiosarcoma was made. (medscape.com)
  • Now, we are investigating how MESH1 removal leads to proliferation of arrests and anti-tumor phenotypes. (duke.edu)
  • Fusions block epithelial differentiation and maintains proliferation in tumor cells. (mayocliniclabs.com)
  • As a dual cell growth mediator, S1A11 acts as either a tumor suppressor or promoter in many different types of tumors and would play respective roles in influencing the proliferation of the cancer cells. (betalifesci.com)
  • Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview of Cancer Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • There are two accepted theories of their origin: remnants of dental lamina and proliferation of cells from the basal layer of oral epithelium into the mandible or maxilla. (bvsalud.org)
  • The proliferative neoplastic cells are Paget cells, which have abundant pale cytoplasm and large pleomorphic nuclei. (medscape.com)
  • Microscopically, there are sheets, nests, ribbons or cords of large, round or polygonal cells with defined cell borders, eosinophilic cytoplasm and round central nuclei. (pathologyoutlines.com)
  • Histologic sections show small nests of cytologically bland epithelial cells with abundant clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm distributed within a fibromatous stroma. (cap.org)
  • The epithelial cells have a urothelial cell-like appearance, with abundant clear to pale eosinophilic cytoplasm and small nucleoli. (cap.org)
  • For example, when p27 is held (sequestered) in the fluid that surrounds the nucleus (the cytoplasm) instead of being transported into the nucleus, the protein is unavailable to block cell cycle progression. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Still other mutations prevent p27 from moving from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There was no myoblastic differentiation in the cytoplasm. (jortho.org)
  • The tumor nest was composed of primitive cells with round or oval hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm (high-power view). (springeropen.com)
  • These tumors are morphologically identical to infantile fibrosarcoma and are characterized by a spindle-shaped tumor cells with scanty cytoplasm, vesicular and bland appearing nuclei, and may demonstrate a high mitotic count. (cap.org)
  • The tumors are characterized by interlacing fascicles of fibroblasticappearing cells with thin, tapered, bland-appearing nuclei and minimal eosinophilic cytoplasm. (cap.org)
  • Small to medium sized cells with minimal indistinct to clear cytoplasm. (mayocliniclabs.com)
  • Foci of abrupt squamous differentiation with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm and keratin pearl formation. (mayocliniclabs.com)
  • The polygonal cells were characterized by indistinct borders, lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm with moderate amount of granules, round or oval central nuclei with stippled chromatin ("salt and pepper" appearance) and inconspicuous nucleoli. (unipr.it)
  • S1A11 is widely expressed in multiple tissues, and is located in cytoplasm, nucleus, and even cell periphery. (betalifesci.com)
  • [ 3 ] It has more recently been suggested that Toker cells may be benign precursors of Paget cells. (medscape.com)
  • Meningiomas , as defined by the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO), are "a group of mostly benign, slow-growing neoplasms that most likely derive from the meningothelial cells of the arachnoid layer. (medscape.com)
  • Myoepithelial Carcinoma is associated with a benign tumour in approximately 50-70% of cases. (org.pk)
  • This case first appeared as Performance Improvement Program in Surgical Pathology (PIP) 2020, Case 31, and is benign Brenner tumor in the ovary. (cap.org)
  • The findings are consistent with a benign Brenner tumor. (cap.org)
  • Similar to other epithelial ovarian tumors, Benner tumors are classified as benign, borderline/atypical proliferative, or malignant. (cap.org)
  • Benign Brenner tumors account for approximately 5% of all benign ovarian epithelial tumors and are typically found incidentally in women in the 5th to 7th decades of life. (cap.org)
  • Grossly, benign Brenner tumors are small (typically less than 2 cm) and unilateral. (cap.org)
  • Small cysts are often present, but benign Brenner tumors are rarely predominantly cystic. (cap.org)
  • Borderline/atypical proliferative Brenner tumors are often larger than benign Brenner tumors, with an average diameter of 18 cm. (cap.org)
  • These tumors are predominantly cystic but may contain variable solid areas, often representing a coexisting benign Brenner component. (cap.org)
  • A benign Brenner tumor component is often present in the background. (cap.org)
  • Histologically, malignant Brenner tumors are associated with a benign or borderline/atypical proliferative Brenner tumor component. (cap.org)
  • Gangliogliomas are generally benign WHO grade I tumors, most commonly located in the temporal lobes of children and young adults. (hindawi.com)
  • The differential diagnosis is made with the benign forms of infantile fibromatoses rich in cells and other infantile sarcomas particularly the congenital rhabdomyosarcoma more aggressive [2, 3]. (jortho.org)
  • A comparison of the intrathoracic malignant neurogenic tumors and the benign neurogenic tumors resected at our institution revealed no meaningful differences distinguishing malignant from benign neurogenic tumors prior to surgery. (springeropen.com)
  • Additionally, we present a comparison of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of these patients and those of patients with benign neurogenic tumors (BNTs) resected at our institution. (springeropen.com)
  • Fibroblastic or myofibroblastic tumors make up the majority of soft tissue tumors of the aerodigestive tract and range from nonneoplastic or benign proliferations (fibromas) to high-grade malignancies (undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcomas). (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Reclassified in 2005 by the World Health Organization as a benign tumor, odontogenic keratocyst is an intraosseous lesion of the maxilla with a destructive and invasive behavior, high recurrence rate (25% to 62.5%), and specific histological aspects 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Dissemination of medulloblastoma within cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways is a defining pathobiologic characteristic of this tumor, and about 30% of patients will have CSF metastasis at presentation. (medscape.com)
  • Exosomal release of beta-catenin and inhibition of Wnt signaling may explain why CD82 and CD9 suppress tumor metastasis. (eurekalert.org)
  • Researchers reveal a new way in which cells restrain beta-catenin and potentially suppress tumor metastasis: the protein can be ejected from cells in small vesicles called exosomes. (eurekalert.org)
  • CD82 and CD9 are both suppressors of metastasis whose expression is lost in several types of late stage tumor. (eurekalert.org)
  • Esophageal metastasis was confirmed with endoscopy showing thickening of the wall and positive cytology swab with ductal malignant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor growth and metastasis depend on the establishment of tumor vasculature to provide oxygen, nutrients, and other essential factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The exploration of the underlying mechanisms of these alternative angiogenic approaches would not only widen our knowledge of tumor angiogenesis but also provide novel therapeutic targets for better controlling cancer growth and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, STAT6 has received considerable attention in the area of tumor growth and metastasis. (biocare.net)
  • Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Borderline ovarian tumors represent 10-20% of epithelial ovarian neoplasm's [ 5 ] with an incidence of 1.8-4.8 out of 100.000 women per year [ 6 ] and typically have an excellent prognosis. (intechopen.com)
  • Most tumors are confined to the ovary at diagnosis, and malignant Brenner tumors have a better prognosis than other epithelial ovarian carcinomas. (cap.org)
  • GGs are well-differentiated, rare CNS tumors, which are characterized by a slow, circumscribed growth and a relatively favorable prognosis. (hindawi.com)
  • A shortage of p27 has been associated with more aggressive tumors and a poorer prognosis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We aimed to evaluate the impact of individual tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subsets on prognosis as a possible rationale for this, in a retrospective observational study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Invasive mediastinal tumors have a very poor prognosis, but this tumor located in mediastinum is very rare, so unfortunely aren't many data about it, and estimated survival for this patient. (romanianjournalcardiology.ro)
  • Patients with congenital mesoblastic nephroma almost always have an excellent prognosis when the tumor has been completely excised. (cap.org)
  • The biopsy showed spindle cell component with mild atypia, invasion into surrounding tissue, and increased mitotic activity on the basis of which a diagnosis of Low-grade carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma developing in a background of pleomorphic adenoma was made. (org.pk)
  • The cells are hyperchromatic, with pleomorphic nuclei and frequent mitotic figures. (cap.org)
  • Medulloblastoma is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "an embryonal neuroepithelial tumor arising in the cerebellum or dorsal brainstem, presenting mainly in childhood and consisting of densely packed small round undifferentiated cells with mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism and high mitotic count. (medscape.com)
  • High mitotic rate with prominent tumor necrosis. (mayocliniclabs.com)
  • Simultaneously, we decided to verify whether the combination of fully automated tests-BRAF-VE1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Idylla BRAF mutation assay-may be useful to accurately predict it in the case of specified CNS tumors. (hindawi.com)
  • Morphologic distinction between uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) and endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) alone is not straightforward and has been shown to be challenging especially with poor differentiation, so immunohistochemistry (IHC) is often employed as an adjunct to morphology in uterine sarcoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is often employed as an adjunct to morphology in uterine sarcoma as morphologic distinction alone is not straightforward and has been shown to be challenging especially with poor differentiation or in cases with equivocal features (Hwang et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantitatively assess cell densities of CD3+, CD20+, CD4+, CD8+ and FOXP3+TIL subsets in 50 surgically treated OSCC cases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Meningeal solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma: Emphasizing on STAT 6 immunohistochemistry. (biocare.net)
  • Immunohistochemistry showed tumor cells with extensive and diffuse positivity to muscular actin (HHF 35) and negativity to desmin and osteocalcin. (isciii.es)
  • Immunohistochemistry aided in the diagnostic discrimination of paraganglioma from neuroendocrine carcinoma and in the assessment of tumor differentiation. (unipr.it)
  • The currently accepted nomenclature is solitary fibrous tumor. (medscape.com)
  • 1,2) Nuclear expression of STAT6 is found in nearly all cases of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) and is very limited in other soft tissue neoplasms making it a highly sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for SFT and may help to distinguish this tumor type from histologic mimics. (biocare.net)
  • Nuclear expression of STAT6 distinguishes solitary fibrous tumor from histologic mimics. (biocare.net)
  • 3 Low-grade carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma can be of the following types: myoepithelial Carcinoma, epithelial-myoepithelial Carcinoma, basal cell adenocarcinoma, etc. (org.pk)
  • Carcinoma of cervix is classified as per the WHO classification into primary tumors which are predominantly epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and tumor like lesions, mixed epithelial stromal tumors, melanocytic, germ cell, and lymphoid tumors. (cytojournal.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in various morphological forms needs to be separated from other epithelial tumors for treatment modality selection. (cytojournal.com)
  • In the present report, we describe a rare case of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the appendix with ovarian metastasesand unresectable peritoneal dissemination occurring in a 45-year-old female patient. (wjgnet.com)
  • She underwent appendicectomy and unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.Histopathology revealed signet ring cell carcinoma and a right hemicolectomy was done. (wjgnet.com)
  • Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression is found to be associated with endothelial cells or tumor neovasculature in malignant AdCC and salivary duct carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • AIMS: Current understanding of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is incomplete with regard to prognostic factors that lead to the considerable heterogeneity in treatment response and patient outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Previously, we have identified the profound cystine addiction of renal cell carcinoma (1), breast cancer cells (2, 3), and ovarian cancer cells (4). (duke.edu)
  • It should be noted that the vast majority of neoplasms of the upper aerodigestive tract are epithelial and that some of these can show a spindle cell phenotype, e.g., spindle cell or sarcomatoid carcinoma and myoepitheliomas. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • specifically, higher expression was found in squamous cell carcinoma than in large-cell carcinoma. (biocare.net)
  • Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) is currently defined in the 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of renal tumors as any histologic type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) containing foci of high-grade malignant spindle cells. (medscape.com)
  • Go to Renal Cell Carcinoma and Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma for more complete information on these topics. (medscape.com)
  • Rhabdoid differentiation is found in 3-7.5% of RCCs, most commonly in CCRCC, although rare cases have been reported involving papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, and collecting duct (Bellini duct) carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • Both non-neoplastic meningothelial cells and meningiomas possess mixed features of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. (medscape.com)
  • Mixed mesenchymal and epithelial tumors are of Mullerian origin. (cytojournal.com)
  • SFTs of the pleura are localized mesenchymal neoplasms composed of fibroblastlike cells believed to arise from the subpleural connective tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Histopathologic study of the surgical piece revealed a malignant mesenchymal tumor of high cellular density arrayed in sheets and adopting different patterns in which fusiform, epithelioid, highly collagenized, and myxoid areas alternated. (isciii.es)
  • It is the most common primary intracranial neoplasm and the most diversified in histologic patterns among all primary tumors of the CNS. (medscape.com)
  • In meningiomas, one feature may be dominant over the other, and this phenomenon partly contributes to the rich diversification of histologic patterns in these tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Although some of the observed variants, such as chondroid meningiomas, clear-cell meningiomas, papillary meningiomas, and rhabdoid meningiomas, are associated with unfavorable prognoses, the other histologic patterns are not indicators of unfavorable biologic behavior. (medscape.com)
  • Primary brain tumors include a number of histologic types with distinctly different tumor growth rates [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • PAs are a distinct histologic and biologic subset of gliomas that account for approximately 5.1% of all these tumors. (hindawi.com)
  • Histologic subtypes of medulloblastoma include: (1) desmoplastic/nodular type, (2) medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity, and (3) large-cell/anaplastic medulloblastoma. (medscape.com)
  • Another 20% of cases include mixed-type congenital mesoblastic nephroma, those tumors containing histologic features of both cellular and classical congenital mesoblastic nephroma. (cap.org)
  • In cases in which the histologic subtype of the RCC component is not recognizable, the tumor is designated as unclassified RCC with sarcomatoid differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • [ 13 , 14 ] MRT usually arises in children younger than 3 years, and the occasional cases previously reported as adult MRT are now considered more likely to be RRCC in which rhabdoid components have overgrown the original histologic tumor type. (medscape.com)
  • Currently, the 2004 WHO classification of renal tumors recognizes this transformation as "sarcomatoid change" or "sarcomatoid features" arising within RCC, rather than as a separate histologic entity. (medscape.com)
  • Meningioma comprises about one fourth of all primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). (medscape.com)
  • Brain tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms arising from different cells within the CNS or from primary tumors of other organs that spread to the CNS. (hindawi.com)
  • [ 4 ] Adult cases are unusual, accounting for less than 1% of brain tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Tumors of the pineal region account for about 3-11% of all brain tumors in childhood. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Due to the uniqueness of the clinical material, we focused our attention on rare brain tumor types-ganglioglioma (GG) and pilocytic astrocytoma (PA). (hindawi.com)
  • [ 1 ] These tumors display considerable clinical and biologic heterogeneity, and they have been further defined molecularly and histologically. (medscape.com)
  • The same principle applies to CAR-T cells: the higher the number of memory cells, the more effective the anti-tumour response and the better the clinical outcome. (unige.ch)
  • The clinical examination noticed a hand tumour involving the palmar and dorsal side with associated homolateral cervical lymph nodes enlargement. (jortho.org)
  • The well-known vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is crucial for sprouting angiogenesis as well as recruitment of circulating progenitor endothelial cells to tumor vasculature, which has become therapeutic targets in clinical practice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients with mediastinal tumors can have specific clinical findings, depending on organ compresion or invasion, but frequently is not specific. (romanianjournalcardiology.ro)
  • To determine the relation between clinical outcome and tumour grade defined by a MIB-1 (Ki-67) score based grading system. (bmj.com)
  • 1- 5 These tumours show a variable clinical behaviour, with round cell liposarcomas being highly metastatic, poorly differentiated tumours, whereas myxoid liposarcomas are less metastatic, moderately and well differentiated tumours, and are associated with a more favourable survival rate. (bmj.com)
  • The objective of our study was to determine the relation between clinical outcome and tumour grade defined by a MIB-1 score based grading system in patients with myxoid liposarcoma. (bmj.com)
  • Clinical diagnostics led to full appreciation of the severe tumor invasiveness and to an informed decision by the owner for euthanasia. (unipr.it)
  • Today, clinical trials using stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors have commenced. (lu.se)
  • Next, in order to study the potential of autologous cell replacement therapy we transplanted progenitors derived from a PD patient into a pre-clinical rat model. (lu.se)
  • The radiological appearance of HPC resembles that of meningioma, but the pathological features resemble those of solitary fibrous tumors ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Microscopically, the tumors are composed of solid to cystic nests of epithelial cells embedded in a fibrous stroma. (cap.org)
  • Moreover, the fibrous nature of the tumor has given rise to various other names, such as pleural fibroma, submesothelial fibroma, and localized fibrous tumor. (medscape.com)
  • DSRCT is composed of small cells with round hyperchromatic nuclei and a dense fibrous or spindle cell stroma. (medscape.com)
  • TFG is also observed as a fusion transcript with ALK (2p23) in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and with ANTRK1 (1q21) in some of the thyroid papillary carcinomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Their neuropathological spectrum is divided into well-differentiated "pineocytoma" (World Health Organization [WHO] grade I), pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation and papillary tumor of pineal region (WHO grades II and III), and poorly differentiated "pinealoblastoma" (WHO grade IV). (thieme-connect.com)
  • Papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR) represents a rare and histologically distinct subgroup of tumors originating in the pineal region. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR) is a rare neuroepithelial tumor originating in this area. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Due to similar morphological features of PTPR with a number of other papillary-like tumors of the pineal region, immunohistochemical analysis is crucial to its distinction. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • These cells primarily produce interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that, respectively, activate macrophages and direct cytotoxic CD8 + T cell responses, that in turn promote elimination of intracellular pathogens such as viruses and bacteria ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, cytokines induced during early stages of IBD, play important roles in differentiation of interferon (IFN)-γ/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-producing Th1 cells as well as IL-17-producing Th17 cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The results are the following: we observe a thin epithelium on proliferative tumoral fusiform cells. (jortho.org)
  • Importantly, MESH1 removal also triggers proliferative arrest and other robust anti-tumor effects. (duke.edu)
  • Thus, these cells are capable of entering a proliferative state. (msdmanuals.com)
  • EMC shows the smallest morphological variation between the tumors among all myxoid soft tissue neoplasms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brenner tumors are commonly associated with other ovarian neoplasms, including mucinous-type tumors. (cap.org)
  • Histologically, these tumors resemble non-invasive, low-grade urothelial neoplasms. (cap.org)
  • Pineal region tumors constitute a rare group of neoplasms. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Meningiomas , as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), are "meningothelial (arachnoid) cell neoplasms, typically attached to the inner surface of the dura mater," and these tumors fall into WHO grades I, II, and III. (medscape.com)
  • Neurogenic tumor is a common intrathoracic neoplasm, representing approximately 20% of all adult and 35% of all pediatric mediastinal neoplasms [ 1 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Several studies have confirmed that miRNA can be used as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene to regulate the occurrence and development of gastric cancer [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
  • Based on this function, p27 is described as a tumor suppressor protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • subsequently, this group of tumors of the ovary were classified in 1973 by the World Health Organization as "low malignant potential ovarian tumor" [ 2 ] and, finally, in 2003 WHO separates them from carcinomas and call them borderline tumors. (intechopen.com)
  • Malignant Brenner tumors are uncommon ovarian carcinomas and represent less than 5% of all Brenner tumors. (cap.org)
  • BACKGROUND: High-risk (HR) Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) at several sites with mucocutaneous junctions, including the head and neck. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sarcomatoid differentiation also occurs in around 29% of carcinomas of the collecting duct of Bellini. (medscape.com)
  • Caplan and colleagues blocked Wnt signaling in a metastatic cell line after restoring CD82 expression. (eurekalert.org)
  • Local recurrence and metastatic tumors may occur in up to 10% of cases. (cap.org)
  • [ 2 ] The arachnoid cells have several proposed functions, including acting as a structural barrier with cellular wrapping/ensheathing, acting as a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage/absorption into dural sinuses/veins (arachnoid villi), epithelial-like/secretory functions, monocytelike functions, trophic support and byproduct detoxification for glial and neuronal cells, and participation in reactive/reparative processes. (medscape.com)
  • In the present article, we discuss the origin of the remaining vessels after vasculature normalization treatment, as well as the alternative cellular origins of tumor vasculature, which are of great interest for improving the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The microscopic appearance of the area with a solid growth of primitive cells is shown (C) . The lesion was highly cellular (low-power view). (springeropen.com)
  • STAT signaling is critical for cellular processes such as embryonic development, immune tolerance and tumor surveillance, and regulation of cell differentiation, growth, and apoptosis. (biocare.net)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Immunohistochemical examination revealed positive expression of cluster of differentiation 34(CD34), vimentin and CD99, and negative expression of epithelial membrane antigen, S100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Immunohistochemical examination revealed neuronal tumor immunophenotype with diffuse positivity for non-specific enolase, synaptophysin, and focal positivity for S-100. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Immunohistochemical staining may be helpful in evaluating these tumors. (cap.org)
  • [ 7 ] Tumors with pure sarcomatoid morphology due to overgrowth of the RCC components are classified as SRCC if evidence of epithelial differentiation can be demonstrated through immunohistochemical or ultrastructural analysis. (medscape.com)
  • However, they are both clinically and histologically heterogeneous, and tumor recurrence or anaplastic progression occurs in some cases [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • PD-1 blocks cell cycle progression in the G 1 phase. (shu.edu)
  • Thus, PD-1 targets Ras and PI3K/Akt signaling to inhibit transcription of Skp2 and to activate Smad3 as an integral component of a pathway that regulates blockade of cell cycle progression in T lymphocytes. (shu.edu)
  • Accumulation of p27 in the nucleus, therefore, blocks cell cycle progression of T-lymphocytes that are being induced to act against cancer antigens. (shu.edu)
  • Orderly progression through the cell cycle involves passage through sequential checkpoints. (shu.edu)
  • Microinjection of Rb in G1 phase reversibly arrests cell-cycle progression. (wdv.com)
  • By blocking cell cycle progression, p27 prevents cells from dividing too quickly or at the wrong time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Activation of the IL-4/STAT6 Pathway promotes lunch cancer progression by increasing M2 myeloid cells. (biocare.net)
  • In addition, obesity is associated with progression (but not incidence) of tumour microenvironment through prostate cancer. (who.int)
  • In light of the advancements in tumor biology and molecular technology, further research into the molecular mechanism involved in gastric cancer and identification of biomarkers with high specificity and good targeting [ 3 ] is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. (hindawi.com)
  • Mean age at diagnosis is in the early 6th decade, and most tumors are unilateral. (cap.org)
  • Characteristics of the cells may not be sufficient in many instances to yield a definitive diagnosis or indicate the probable behavior of the lesion. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • the 5-year patient survival is about 8% ( 1 ) due to the late-stage disease diagnosis, tangible tumor resistance to therapy ( 2 ) and aberrant post-treatment tumor relapse ( 3 ). (amegroups.org)
  • The diagnosis is done by the histology examination on view of fusiform cells, at times clustered or arranged in tracts. (jortho.org)
  • Gold standard for mediastial tumor diagnosis is computerized tomography (CT) with or without intravenous (i.v.) contrast substance. (romanianjournalcardiology.ro)
  • This report details the diagnosis of lymphoblastic leukemia with suspected B-cell differentiation in a diamondback terrapin ( Malaclemys terrapin ). (vin.com)
  • 6- 9 Diagnosis and, hence, prognostic predictions can be complicated by lesions that often contain admixed components with myxoid and round cell morphologies. (bmj.com)
  • Previosu studies have indicated that tumor recurrence is common in HPC patients and thus, radiotherapy is used to treat recurrent HPC ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • One patient with local recurrence underwent radiation therapy, but the recurrent tumor continued to progress. (springeropen.com)
  • [ 4 , 5 ] are small perivascular nodules that are histologically and ultrastructurally identical to meningothelial cells of the CNS. (medscape.com)
  • Histologically, most of them are serous or mucinous, but endometrioid, clear cell, Brenner (transitional cell) or mixed histotypes can be also seen. (intechopen.com)
  • Histologically defined by primitive monotonous round to oval nuclei with variably prominent nucleoli and areas of abrupt keratinization. (mayocliniclabs.com)
  • Many subsets of CD4 + T cells have been identified as players in perpetuating chronic intestinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, a number of biologics that target CD4 + T cell differentiation into inflammatory subsets or their byproducts (i.e., cytokines) have shown efficacy in treating patients with IBD ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Activation of mTOR-dependent pathways regulates the specification and differentiation of CD4 + T effector cell subsets. (jci.org)
  • Cells were transfected with the early B-cell factor-2 (EBF2) to activate progenitor cell differentiation and gauged the tumorigenic potentials of the derived cell subsets. (amegroups.org)
  • We studied tumor cell signaling in the cell subsets to understand the tumor-inhibitory potentials of EBF2. (amegroups.org)
  • MFP induced tissue remodeling in PRA-overexpressing tumors, increasing the stromal/tumor cell ratio and the number of functional vessels. (oncotarget.com)
  • In some areas, the tumor cells were small and uniform resembling pinealocytes, and arranged in sheets and at places forming pineocytomatous rosettes with abundant delicate tumor cell processes. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Vessels co-option, a procedure of hijacking the blood vessels in surrounding normal tissue along with the invasion of a solid tumor, has been recognized as an important approach to establish tumor vasculature, especially in more aggressive tumors [ 2 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mucinous and squamous differentiation is common. (cap.org)
  • Among all myxoid tumors, EMC has the least vascular structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • No features of vascular differentiation, for example intracytoplasmic lumina or areas of conventional angiosarcoma, were observed. (medscape.com)
  • The tumor was highly vascular with blood-filled lacunae and multifocal to coalescing areas of liquefactive necrosis. (unipr.it)
  • The cells may be arranged singly or in small groups in early lesions, and usually spread into the contiguous epithelium of eccrine ducts and hair follicles. (medscape.com)
  • Developmental lesions such as heterotopia of meningothelial cells in the scalp are believed to be the origin of meningiomas under the scalp and skin of the head. (medscape.com)
  • miR-149 is a type of miRNA, which can regulate the biological functions of tumors by targeting multiple genes, such as TGF- β 2, GIT1, and HDAC4 [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Activated complexes accumulate in the nucleus where they cooperate with DNA-binding cofactors to regulate target gene transcription. (shu.edu)
  • Replacement of wild-type RB can suppress the tumorigenicity of some of these cells, suggesting that the RB protein (Rb) may negatively regulate cell growth. (wdv.com)
  • It helps regulate the cell cycle, which is the cell's way of replicating itself in an organized, step-by-step fashion. (medlineplus.gov)
  • All of these mutations reduce the amount of functional p27 that is available in the nucleus to regulate the cell cycle. (medlineplus.gov)
  • STAT6 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 6) is a member of the STAT family of cytoplasmic transcription factors, which regulate gene expression by transmitting signals to the nucleus and binding to specific DNA promoter sequences. (biocare.net)
  • This would also explain the high incidence of meningiomas around the sagittal sinus, which has a high concentration of meningothelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • Interestingly, IBD patients with concurrent HIV infection also exhibit a greater incidence of remission as compared to non-HIV controls, correlating with decreased total blood CD4 + T cell counts ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumor of childhood, with an annual incidence of about 0.5-0.8/100,000 in children younger than 19 years. (medscape.com)
  • Meningioma is essentially a tumor of adulthood, with a peak incidence in the sixth decade of life. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] Tumors arising in the spinal cord have a distinctly high incidence in women. (medscape.com)
  • Although its overall incidence remains unclear, it likely accounts for less than 1% to 2% of mediastinal neurogenic tumors [ 2 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • In the USA, obesity has recent- obesity is associated with progres- aberrations of cancer cells, summa- ly surpassed tobacco use as the sion but not incidence [9]. (who.int)
  • nuclei were elongated or vesicular, with evident anisokaryosis. (isciii.es)
  • In children under 14 years old, CNS tumors are the most frequent solid tumors, and half of the cases occur in infants 0-4 years old [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this article, we discuss the most recent findings and understanding on how solid tumors evade VEGF-targeted therapy, with a special focus on vessel co-option, vessel remodeling, and tumor cell-derived vasculature establishment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is the most common pediatric brain tumor in children [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • and inclusion in the 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the nervous system, several pediatric cases of the PTPR were described up to date. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • RR CC was named for its morphologic resemblance to pediatric malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) of the kidney, which is a highly aggressive tumor characterized by cells that resemble rhabdomyoblasts and by genetic alterations involving chromosome 22, particularly the hSNF5/INI1 gene on 22q11.2. (medscape.com)
  • The nuclei are small and slightly irregular, with small nucleoli. (cap.org)
  • Fig. 2A ]) Their nuclei were round to oval with inconspicuous nucleoli and finely dispersed chromatin. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and poorly differentiated progenitor cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exacerbate hierarchical tissue organization contributing to cell hyperproliferation and therapy resistance. (amegroups.org)
  • Here we show that the brown adipose differentiation gene, EBF2, activates differentiation-associated signals in the cancer progenitor cells in culture and CSC transplantation models. (amegroups.org)
  • This study reveals a previously unrecognized function of EBF2 in regulating PDAC progenitor cell differentiation and tumor suppression. (amegroups.org)
  • The first part of the thesis (Paper I, II, III) shows the development and improvement of a hESC-based system of for virus-mediated direct reprogramming of human glial progenitor cells into both induced dopaminergic neurons (iDANs) and GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)
  • According to the most recent edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone, EMC has been classified as a type of soft tissue tumor with uncertain differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • EMC is rare and accounts for less than 3% of soft tissue tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Visit and use our newly updated chapter - Soft Tissue Tumors-Part 1 (link is also in the center section of our Home Page). (pathologyoutlines.com)
  • It then discusses all known fibroblastic / myofibroblastic, fibrohistiocytic and lipomatous tumors, include WHO and non-WHO entities (the remaining soft tissue tumors are discussed in the Soft Tissue Tumors-Part 2 chapter). (pathologyoutlines.com)
  • The congenital fibrosarcoma is a malignant tumour of the soft tissue. (jortho.org)
  • The tumour elective sites are the distal part of the arms, more on the lower than the upper [1].The tumour developed initially in the soft tissue. (jortho.org)
  • All categories of soft tissue tumors have been reported to involve the upper aerodigestive tract. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • These tumors have markedly different prognoses and require different treatments than those for soft tissue tumors. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Among several different grading schemes for patients with soft tissue sarcomas, a grading system based on three criteria: tumour differentiation/histological type, necrosis, and the MIB-1 (Ki-67) score has been proposed. (bmj.com)
  • 10- 12 Multivariate analysis showed that the tumour grade assigned using this system was the most significant independent prognostic factor in adult patients presenting with the main histological types of soft tissue sarcoma. (bmj.com)
  • No benefit of addition of other biomarkers like p63 or ki67 is found in problem-solving in differentiation of HSIL from mimics or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. (cytojournal.com)
  • Extra sinusoidal myeloid cells and intrasinusoidal erythroid cells were scant. (vin.com)
  • Rarely, Paget cells may invade the dermis. (medscape.com)
  • Apart from multiple endocrine neoplasia, the CDKN1B gene is rarely mutated in cancerous tumors. (medlineplus.gov)
  • WT1 is also rarely positive in these tumors. (cap.org)
  • Rarely these tumors are found within the orbital region. (unipr.it)
  • Recent evidence demonstrates that tumors with these various translocations have similar profiles of the gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Induces osteoclastogenesis by activating multiple signaling pathways in osteoclast precursor cells, chief among which is induction of long lasting oscillations in the intracellular concentration of Ca (2+) resulting in the activation of NFATC1, which translocates to the nucleus and induces osteoclast-specific gene transcription to allow differentiation of osteoclasts. (joplink.net)
  • Subsequently, T cells receiving PD-1 signals displayed impaired Cdk2 activation and failed to phosphorylate two critical Cdk2 substrates, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and the TGFβ-specific transcription factor Smad3 , leading to suppression of E2F target genes but enhanced Smad3 transactivation (Figure 3). (shu.edu)
  • In the nucleus, R-SMAD-SMAD4 complexes cooperate with transcriptional coregulators that further define target gene recognition and transcriptional regulation. (shu.edu)
  • The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
  • RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Inactivating mutations of the retinoblastoma gene (RB) are found in a wide variety of tumour cells. (wdv.com)
  • Mutations in the CDKN1B gene have also been found to cause tumors in single endocrine glands, such as the pituitary gland or the parathyroid glands. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Somatic CDKN1B gene mutations have been identified in sporadic (nonfamilial) pituitary adenomas and in sporadic parathyroid adenomas, which are noncancerous tumors of the parathyroid glands. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There is an uncertain differentiation (there is no evidence yet showing that EMC exhibits the feature of cartilaginous differentiation) and neuroendocrine differentiation is even possible. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carcinoid , or well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, of the ovary is uncommon but may occur as a monodermal teratoma or a somatic-type malignancy arising from a teratoma or dermoid cyst. (cap.org)
  • Paragangliomas are tumors originating from paraganglia cells which represent a considerable constituent of the dispersed neuroendocrine system. (unipr.it)
  • For example, less than 20% of EMC tumor cases contain cells that express the S100 protein whereas many other tumor types contain cells that express S100 protein in most or all cases (see Pathology of S100 protein). (wikipedia.org)
  • CD4 + T cells are enriched in lesional tissue from patients with CD and UC and blockade or depletion of CD4 + T is effective in treating patients with IBD. (frontiersin.org)
  • Consequently, tumor vasculature is inefficient in carrying blood flow, resulting in a hypoxic tumor microenvironment, although the intra-tumoral microvessel density is commonly increased in contrast to the non-cancerous counterpart tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conclude that MFP induces an increase in vessels during tissue remodeling, favoring the selective accumulation of nanoparticles inside the tumors. (oncotarget.com)
  • Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
  • of the most critical events which lead to tissue patterning involves mechanisms going beyond single cells. (lu.se)
  • Transplantations of fetal tissue in the 1980s and 1990s provided proof-of-concept for the potential of cell replacement therapy for PD and some patients benefitted greatly from their transplants. (lu.se)
  • However, post-mortem analysis of transplanted tissue revealed accumulation of pathological Lewy bodies in a small subset of transplanted cells over time, revealing a host-to-graft disease propagation. (lu.se)
  • Intracranial hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare tumor well-known for clinically aggressive behavior in growth and infiltration. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Reports of spontaneous regression and tumour infiltration with T-lymphocytes makes melanoma candidate for immunotherapies. (mdpi.com)
  • MRI result: tumor mass with infiltration of the nasal septum, sphenoidal sinus, frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and left orbit medial wall. (isciii.es)
  • Our study found that BRAF V600E mutations are moderately frequent in PA and GG and that for these tumor entities, IHC VE1 is suitable for screening purposes, but all negative, equivocal, and weak positive cases should be further tested with molecular biology techniques, of which the Idylla system seems to be a promising tool. (hindawi.com)
  • The study appears online on September 13 in the Journal of Cell Biology ( www.jcb.org ). (eurekalert.org)
  • Founded in 1955, The Journal of Cell Biology (JCB) is published by The Rockefeller University Press. (eurekalert.org)
  • The distinction among these various tumors is important both clinically and epidemiologically. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 , 7 ] indicating that even small amounts of sarcomatoid differentiation may be clinically relevant and should be included in the pathology report. (medscape.com)
  • Smears contain plump spindle-shaped or oval tumor cells arranged in a lacelike pattern of loosely cohesive cords and nests. (wikipedia.org)
  • Synovial sarcomas encompass both biphasic (epithelial and spindle cell components) and monophasic (purely spindle cell) variants. (medscape.com)
  • The lobules were lined peripherally by spindle cells. (unipr.it)
  • NR4A3 is an orphan nuclear receptor that is able to activate the FOS promoter and plays a role in the regulation of hematopoietic growth and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The malignant cells are uniform and lack nuclear pleomorphism. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2 ] The ominous nuclear appearance of tumor cells could be misleading and pose a diagnostic difficulty. (thieme-connect.com)
  • This study was designed to examine whether the unconventional spicing of XBP1 mRNA could occur in the nucleus and its possible biological relevance. (mdpi.com)
  • Regulation can occur through modification of the p27 protein's structure, its interaction with other proteins, or its localization within the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When these tumors occur in children, however, they are more often infratentorial, intraventricular, or intraparenchymal than in adults. (medscape.com)
  • Vessel co-option may occur in tumors independently of sprouting angiogenesis, and sprouting angiogenesis is not always required for tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ninety percent of these tumors occur within the first year of life and nearly all cases have been reported in children less than 30 months of age. (cap.org)
  • All cases underwent total resection of the tumor. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging was ordered in preparation for tumor resection under general anesthesia. (isciii.es)
  • however, occasional tumors composed entirely of rhabdoid cells have been described in which no RCC component is detected despite extensive sampling. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnostic procedures performed were a complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry, routine blood films, a bone marrow biopsy, radiographs, immunocytochemistry to type the leukemic cell line, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT). (vin.com)
  • Cancer cells, particularly those arising from the bone marrow or lymphatic system, may have a short generation time, and there usually are a smaller percentage of cells in G0 (resting phase). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Leukocytes are produced in stem cells in bone marrow. (lu.se)
  • In both forms of EMPD, the epidermis becomes infiltrated with neoplastic cells showing glandular differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • One was a solid or isolated growth of oval primitive cells with Schwannian stroma, representative of a neuroblastoma (Figure 1 C). The second was a diffuse growth of large polygonal cells with ganglion cell differentiation and prominent Schwannian stroma, which was regarded as a ganglioneuroma. (springeropen.com)