• In many cancer cell lines, inhibition of geminin by RNA interference results in re-replication of portions of the genome, which leads to aneuploidy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Geminin has been found to be overexpressed in several malignancies and cancer cell lines, while there is data demonstrating that geminin acts as a tumor suppressor by safeguarding genome stability. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inhibition of Geminin during the "S phase" (by RNAi) results in an additional round of replication of portions of the genome. (prospecbio.com)
  • It was found that the C . crescentus genome encodes for more two-component signal transduction proteins that assist in cell cycle progression than any other bacterial genome sequenced so far. (kenyon.edu)
  • We aim at uncovering fundamental concepts of cell cycle and genome duplication in multicellular organisms. (embo.org)
  • It was also observed that regions of the genome that switch replication timing and nuclear compartment continue to maintain their structural boundaries. (fsu.edu)
  • Genome-wide analysis of replication domains revealed that they are indeed stable structural units corresponding to Topologically-Associating Domains (TADs) defined by Hi-C. Next we showed that the interphase chromatin structure consisting of TADs and their long-range contacts are established during early G1 coincident with the establishment of the replication-timing program. (fsu.edu)
  • Mitochondrial genome repositioning during the differentiation of the African trypanosome between life cycle forms is microtubule mediated. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The cell cycle of the African trypanosome requires a precise orchestration of nuclear and mitochondrial genome (kinetoplast) positioning to ensure faithful segregation during division. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Project 2 will establish how PNA replication timing and global genome rearrangements impact differentiation decisions and how this is coordinated with the cell cycle. (grantome.com)
  • Finally, this Project will characterize the role of insulators in genome organization as pluripotent cells differentiate. (grantome.com)
  • We examine the impact that processes such as transcription and replication have on genome stability. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • 2) in those centers, p53 binds site-specifically to the viral genome and 3) infection of p53 knockout cells show dramatic decreases in viral titers, in viral DNA replication and in viral protein expression. (uidaho.edu)
  • The nuclear genome - Cell organelles. (unict.it)
  • On the two-cell stage transcription from the zygotic genome takes place and is necessary for the next cleavages to occur (11). (bioerc-iend.org)
  • The papillomavirus E1 helicase is essential for viral DNA replication and plays a key role in controlling viral genome copy number. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon entry into a basal epithelial cell, the infecting genome is transiently amplified to approximately 50 to 200 copies, establishing a latent infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As progeny cells migrate towards the epithelial surface, a differentiation pathway is triggered, leading to changes in viral gene expression, genome amplification, and assembly of progeny virions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As PKC-3 is frequently mutated in human cancers, how this factor controls cell proliferation may be important to understand tumour progression. (eur.nl)
  • The reversible lysine acetylation of histone H3 may play a vital role in the regulation of many cellular processes including chromatin dynamics and transcription, gene silencing, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, differentiation, DNA replication and repair, nuclear import and neuronal repression. (abcam.com)
  • Caulobacter also uses DNA methylation as a regulatory mechanism in cell cycle progression. (kenyon.edu)
  • Several two-component signal transduction proteins are involved in the cell cycle progression by accumulating at one or both poles "in a spatial and temporal pattern that is reproduced during each cycle" (Jacobs-Wagner 2003). (kenyon.edu)
  • The reversible phosphorylation of proteins on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues represents a fundamental strategy used by eukaryotic organisms to regulate a host of biological functions, including DNA replication, cell cycle progression, energy metabolism, and cell growth and differentiation. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, an understanding of how meiotic progression and gamete differentiation are coordinated during oogenesis is essential to studies in both reproductive biology and medicine. (nih.gov)
  • To understand the regulatory inputs that control early meiotic progression, we are working to determine how the oocyte initiates and then maintains the meiotic cycle within the challenging environment of the ovarian cyst. (nih.gov)
  • Investigating abnormal cell behavior provides crucial information about disease development and progression. (filosofia-internet.net)
  • Ameiotic1 ( Am1 ) encodes a plant-specific nuclear protein (AM1) required for meiotic entry and progression through early prophase I. Pollen mother cells (PMCs) remain mitotic in most am1 mutants including am1-489 , while am1-praI permits meiotic entry but PMCs arrest at the leptotene/zygotene (L/Z) transition, defining the roles of AM1 protein in two distinct steps of meiosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As the cell routine machinery continues to be extremely conserved through progression it is today clear the fact that cell routine has been improved in different and novel methods to adapt to brand-new developmental applications elaborated during progression (26). (bioerc-iend.org)
  • Several of these kinases have known roles in regulating cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mechanisms used by certain viruses to dysregulate the host cell through manipulation of epigenetic processes and the role of cellular cofactors such as BRD4 that are known to be involved in epigenetic regulation of host cell pathways will also be covered. (mdpi.com)
  • Signal pathway analysis revealed that TGF- β 1 impaired the pathways of cell cycle and cytochrome P450 detoxification, and EGF reverted TGF- β 1 effects through activating MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • The proposed components in the body that correct the differentiation problems of abnormal cells and send them into normal pathways have been given the name "antineoplastons" by the developer. (cancer.gov)
  • At the proliferation stage, proliferation related pathways and basic cellular and metabolic processes were inhibited, while regulatory factors that initiate differentiation enter the ready-to-activate state, which provides a precondition for initiating adipose differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis, pathways positively related to adipogenic differentiation are significantly activated at the differentiation stage, while WNT, FOXO and other pathways that inhibit preadipocyte differentiation are negatively regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent evidence suggests that many meiotic errors occur downstream of defects in oocyte growth and/or the hormonal signaling pathways that drive differentiation of the oocyte. (nih.gov)
  • Experiments proposed in this Project will define a mechanism linking cell cycle transition to the activation of differentiation pathways. (grantome.com)
  • Protein kinases are, therefore, https://doi.org/10.3390/ key enzymes in the function of cellular signaling pathways and are crucial in the regulation applbiosci1010004 of key functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis [3]. (sagepub.com)
  • Host cell p53 associates with the feline calicivirus main viral capsid protein VP1, the protease-polymerase NS6/7, and the double-stranded RNA enjoying a job in virus replication p53 is implicated in a number of mobile pathways comparable to induction of cell-cycle arrest, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis. (develogen.com)
  • Many important developmental procedures including proliferation development patterning and differentiation need the cell routine to be carefully coordinated with several signaling pathways. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • Hence the G1 phase the main period of cell growth is the target of many regulatory pathways and appears extremely variable in length (39). (bioerc-iend.org)
  • The functional enrichment analysis revealed that ncRNA processing, DNA replication, cell cycle, apoptosis, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction were the potentially disrupted pathways in URSA patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the importance of trophoblast cells in pregnancy process, a deeper understanding of its molecular biology and signaling pathways changes in trophoblast cells may shed light on the etiology of URSA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparing HESC controls with HESCs deficient in SRC-3, gene enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed gene set revealed an overrepresentation of genes involved in chromatin remodeling, cell proliferation/motility, and programmed cell death. (frontiersin.org)
  • Consistent with this, the binary nuclear compartments defined by chromatin spatial proximity maps, align precisely with the replication-timing program. (fsu.edu)
  • In G2 phase, the replication timing-program is lost while inter-phase chromatin structure acquired in early G1 was retained. (fsu.edu)
  • This shows that interphase chromatin structure is not sufficient to dictate RT and lead us to hypothesize that the chromatin structure set-up during early G1 may act as a scaffold to seed the assembly of some factor capable of setting replication initiation thresholds. (fsu.edu)
  • In summary, the work descried in this thesis uncovers a model where replication-timing is regulated at the unit of chromatin structure called TADs, which are generally stable across cell-types, but the compartment that they reside in corresponds to the time of their replication. (fsu.edu)
  • Interphase chromatin structure is established along with the establishment of RT and may act as scaffold for replication regulation factors like Rif1. (fsu.edu)
  • Finally, replication timing and its association with chromatin structure are highly conserved and are observed even at the single chromosome level. (fsu.edu)
  • The transcriptional activation from CACNA1F the p21 gene by these inhibitors is normally marketed by chromatin redecorating pursuing acetylation of histones H3 and H4 in the p21 promoter area (32 54 This activation of p21 takes place within a p53-unbiased fashion and for that reason HDAC inhibitors are appealing realtors for cancers therapy being that they are operative in cells with mutated p53 genes a hallmark of several tumors. (bio2009.org)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
  • Moreover, we identified and classified more than 100 transcription factors that showed significant changes during differentiation, and found novel transcription factors that were not reported to be related to preadipoctye differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Throughout the cell cycle, the chromosome progressively goes from being fully methylated to hemimethylated during DNA replication - this results in differential binding of regulatory proteins to activate or repress transcription. (kenyon.edu)
  • Tax orchestrates multiple interactions with cellular transcription factors and activates transcription from the viral promoter and modulates the transcription or activity of numerous cellular genes involved in cell growth and differentiation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In distinct, the geminivirus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) has been shown to interact having a NAC domain protein within a yeast two-hybrid program, exactly where over MAO-A Inhibitor drug expression with the NAC transcription issue causes enhanced viral replication [43]. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • Mechanistically, the complex consisting of YAP and transcription factors promotes the expression of genes involved in DNA replication, cell cycle regulation, chromosomal segregation, but also in the control of cellular stemness. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MMC induces DNA damage to quiescent corneal keratocytes, which remains unrepaired, resulting in abnormal cell replication and gene transcription that leads to long-term effects on corneal repair. (molvis.org)
  • Using human intestinal enteroid cultures inoculated with GII.Pe-GII.4 Sydney-infected fecal samples, we determined that a real-time reverse transcription PCR cycle threshold cutoff of 30 may indicate infectious norovirus. (cdc.gov)
  • At the start of the S-phase until late mitosis, geminin inhibits the replication factor Cdt1, preventing the assembly of the pre-replication complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • During the "M phase" of the cell cycle (mitosis) Geminin stabilizes the replication factor Cdt1 promoting DNA replication during the next cell cycle. (prospecbio.com)
  • Moreover, inhibition of Geminin during mitosis (by RNAi) causes destabilization of Cdt1 protein and impairment of DNA replication during the next cell cycle. (prospecbio.com)
  • The pre-replication complex (pre-RC) assembly or the DNA replication licensing is the first step in DNA replication initiation, characterized by the sequential recruitment of ORCs, Cdc6, Cdt1 and MCMs to the DNA replication origins to form the pre-RC at the end of mitosis ( Bell and Dutta 2002 ). (intechopen.com)
  • Consistent with this hypothesis, we discovered a protein Rif1 that enters the nucleus right after mitosis and its knockout has a profound disruptive effect on RT in both mouse and human cells. (fsu.edu)
  • During this phase, the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis. (studylib.net)
  • Cell division: binary fission, mitosis and meiosis. (unict.it)
  • Therefore, understanding the molecular changes that specify the archesporial cells, the progenitors of meiotic cells, is crucial in defining the network of cellular processes leading to a successful switch from mitosis to meiosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alternatively in endocycles DNA replication (the S stage) and cell development take place lacking any intervening mitosis (M stage) phase resulting in polyploidy. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • Roquin proteins preclude spontaneous T cell activation and aberrant differentiation of T follicular helper (Tfh) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells. (cipsm.de)
  • HTLV-1 pX ORF II encodes two proteins, p13 II and p30 II whose roles are beginning to be defined in the virus life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, both proteins were jointly detectable in most CCA cell lines and showed nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling in a cell density-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the same is not true for primary and immortalized human cell lines, where other mechanisms exists to prevent DNA re-replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • Developmental cues cause dramatic changes in the number and timing of replication initiation events, but the mechanisms and physiological importance of such changes are poorly understood. (eur.nl)
  • Caulobacter crescentus is a single-celled, small bacterium that divides asymmetrically producing cells that differ in structure and function - it is an ideal model system for the mechanisms of asymmetric cell division and has been studied thoroughly. (kenyon.edu)
  • In order to analyze the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms and other mechanisms of Caulobacter , many mutant strains have been made and studied. (kenyon.edu)
  • [ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
  • Project 3 will look at how 'insulators'control chromosome organization during the cell cycle and then will investigate mechanisms by which topological domains are formed in pluripotent cells. (grantome.com)
  • Our research is defining the normal mechanisms of DNA replication and repair, with the aim of understanding how it is deregulated in cancer cells. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • While p21 is usually activated by p53-dependent mechanisms in response to DNA damage to make sure cell cycle arrest and repair a number of realtors that promote differentiation like phorbol ester 67346-49-0 or okadaic acidity can up-regulate p21 separately of p53 (for an assessment see reference point 16). (bio2009.org)
  • Integrated study of cells and living organisms, with emphasis on the basic mechanisms involved in the following processes: duplication and transmission of genetic information and its expression, development, differentiation, cell proliferation, biogenesis of organelles and cellular structures, interactions among cells, biomolecular bases of behavior and evolution. (unict.it)
  • Biological and molecular mechanisms of differentiation. (unict.it)
  • Cell proliferation: the cycle and related control mechanisms. (unict.it)
  • DNA replication: molecular mechanisms. (unict.it)
  • Mechanisms of interaction between cells. (unict.it)
  • Protein phosphorylation is also involved in the global control of Zambon, A. Expedient Access to DNA replication during the cell cycle, as well as in the mechanisms that cope with stress- Type II Kinase Inhibitor Chemotypes induced replication blocks [1]. (sagepub.com)
  • Cancer stem cells are a selective clonal subset of tumour cells that have avoided various cell regulatory mechanisms, including terminal differentiation, and yet have retained the self-renewal properties and proliferative potential of adult stem cells. (who.int)
  • Hepatic stem cells that resided in the canal of Hering represent a small population of the cells comprising a healthy liver. (hindawi.com)
  • Only under certain pathophysiology conditions, when the proliferation capacity of mature hepatocytes is compromised, are quiescent hepatic stem cells activated and changed into hepatic progenitors to assist in liver restoration [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Cell cycle adaptations of embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are among these candidate agents. (bvsalud.org)
  • Advances in stem cell technology have allowed for the generation of qHSCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) with the potential to provide an unlimited source of cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pluripotent stem cells are at the forefront of a new revolution in biomedical research and serve important roles in drug screening, disease modeling and regenerative medicine. (grantome.com)
  • This Program is focused on the basic understanding of pluripotent stem cells so that in the future they can be more effectively and safely used in clinical applications. (grantome.com)
  • For instance, consider the case study of Dr. Chen, who successfully used stem cells to regenerate damaged heart tissue in patients with cardiac disorders. (filosofia-internet.net)
  • Scientists harness the potential of stem cells to repair damaged tissues and organs, offering promising prospects for treating conditions that were once considered incurable. (filosofia-internet.net)
  • Stem Cells and RegenerativeMedicine. (unict.it)
  • A subpopulation of cells within a cancer has the properties of stem cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • ABSTRACT This study examined haematopoietic stem cells of 19 high-risk cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) for apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals and cellular proliferation and correlated these with clinical and cytogenetic subtypes, particularly trisomy 8. (who.int)
  • The essence of MDS is damage of In the current work we examined All our patients were of the high-risk colony-forming units [4], but the defect haematopoietic stem cells of high-risk group and none of them was eligible of the haematopoietic stem cells is not MDS cases for apoptotic and anti-apop- for stem cell transplantation. (who.int)
  • In neural precursor cells, high levels of geminin prevent terminal differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Induction of p21 expression by genotoxic stress and its role during terminal differentiation of various cell types have been investigated intensively. (bio2009.org)
  • Different regions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have particular histopathological and molecular characteristics limiting the standard tumor−node−metastasis prognosis classification. (nature.com)
  • Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck malignant tumor and is ranked the eighth leading cause of cancer worldwide. (nature.com)
  • An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
  • risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • PMID:18786442 mutations and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • Arbyn M, Bergeron C, Klinkhamer P, Martin-Hirsch squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk region in Iran. (who.int)
  • HPV infections have received particular attention in recent years, as high-risk strains have been linked to some cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • Our previous results show that EGF is a specific cytokine which could suppress TGF- β 1-induced EMT initiation and drives mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in the cells that have experienced EMT [ 13 ], revealing the plasticity of progenitor cells. (hindawi.com)
  • 2) HCMV dysregulates DNA repair in infected cells and 3) infection of neural progenitor cells by HCMV causes premature and abnormal differentiation of these important CNS cells. (uidaho.edu)
  • As shown for HCC, inactivation of the Hippo kinase cassette or activation of YAP is leading to liver overgrowth via expansion of liver progenitor cells and eventually cancer development with combined hepatocellular/cholangiocellular differentiation [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BMC Genomics 2014, 15:1006 biomedcentral/1471-2164/15/Page 3 ofin the host plant for instance cell-wall reinforcement and transmembrane reconfiguration [26,27]. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • Molecular biology of the cell (Sixth ed. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study explains an essential function of CDKs for replication initiation in a metazoan and provides the first direct molecular mechanism through which polarization of the embryo is coordinated with DNA replication initiation factors. (eur.nl)
  • These molecular findings are supported at the cellular level by the inability of HESCs to morphologically transform from a stromal fibroblastoid cell to an epithelioid decidual cell when endogenous SRC-3 levels are markedly reduced. (frontiersin.org)
  • At the molecular level, abnormal cells that are potential cancer cells need to be "switched" to normal mode. (cancer.gov)
  • DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Project 1 will define how epigenetic regulation and chromosome architecture are subject to cell cycle control at developmentally-regulated genes. (grantome.com)
  • YAP and TAZ activation is not uncoupled from cell density in CCA cells and both factors cooperatively contribute to proliferation and expression of CIN-associated genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Geminin controls replication by binding to the licensing factor Cdt1, and is involved in neural differentiation. (prospecbio.com)
  • Geminin, therefore, is an important player in ensuring that exactly one round of replication occurs during each cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given the previously reported role of DUSP4 as a p53 target, a potential cell cycle checkpoint, and in mediating senescence downstream of replication stress, we hypothesized that DUSP4 may be a critical oncogenic driver in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lastly, we explored the conservation of replication timing at single cell level that revealed a highly conserved yet stochastic regulation of replication timing. (fsu.edu)
  • Since geminin knockdown leads to cell death in many cancer cell lines but not primary cell lines, it has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • For the developer, cell differentiation is the key to cancer therapy. (cancer.gov)
  • Antineoplastons are the surveillance system that directs cancer cells into normal channels of differentiation . (cancer.gov)
  • The notion of controlling tumor growth through a naturally occurring biochemical mechanism in the body that directs cancer cells into normal channels of differentiation is one of the theoretical foundations of antineoplaston therapy. (cancer.gov)
  • In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
  • Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
  • The proper copying and repair of DNA to maintain the correct sequence and structure of genomes is critical to the proper function of cells, and repair and replication is frequently disrupted in cancers and targeted by cancer treatments. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • IL-22 has been identified as a cancer-promoting cytokine that is secreted by infiltrating immune cells in several cancer models. (cipsm.de)
  • We hypothesized that IL-22 regulation would occur at the interface between cancer cells and immune cells. (cipsm.de)
  • Breast and lung cancer cells of murine and human origin induced IL-22 production from memory CD4 + T cells. (cipsm.de)
  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)
  • Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview of Cancer Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cancer cells, particularly those arising from the bone marrow or lymphatic system, may have a short generation time, and there usually are a smaller percentage of cells in G0 (resting phase). (msdmanuals.com)
  • A cancer may release cells into the circulation at a very early stage of development. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Circulating cancer cells are present in many patients with advanced cancer and even in some with localized disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Experiments suggest that the abilities to invade, migrate, and successfully implant and stimulate new blood vessel growth are all important properties of the cells that cause metastases, which are likely a subpopulation of the primary cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cancer cells often present neoantigens on their cell surface that can be detected as "non-self" by the immune system, resulting in an attack by the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Geminiviruses have been implicated in quite a few host-responsive processes which include transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, control on the cell cycle, cell proliferation and differentiation, and macromolecular trafficking in whole plants [31,41,42]. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • MMC significantly blocked TGFβ-induced cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation in cultured quiescent keratocytes and altered the transcriptional regulation of macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA). (molvis.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are important for regulating S-phase length in many metazoa, and here we show in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that an essential function of CDKs during early embryogenesis is to regulate the interactions between three replication initiation factors SLD-3, SLD-2 and MUS-101 (Dpb11/ TopBP1). (eur.nl)
  • DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Geminin, DNA replication inhibitor, also known as GMNN, is a protein in humans encoded by the GMNN gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Geminin was originally identified as an inhibitor of DNA replication and substrate of the anaphase-promoting complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • In line with this, we observed myeloid differentiation upon visual inspection (Supplementary Fig. 3A ) and upregulation of the myeloid markers CD86 and CD11b after 3 days of LSD1 inhibitor treatment (Supplementary Fig. 3B ). (nature.com)
  • Accordingly, pre-treatment with 350 nM LSD1 inhibitor for 3 days followed by exposure to serial dilutions of ruxolitinib led to synergistic growth inhibition in non-DS-AMKL and ML-DS cell lines (Supplementary Fig. 4 ), as well as in all ML-DS patient samples (Fig. 1A ). (nature.com)
  • Geminin is absent during G1 phase and accumulates through S, G2 phase and M phases of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ultimately, geminin allows cells uncommitted to any particular lineage to acquire neural characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Geminin can also promote DNA replication. (prospecbio.com)
  • Anti-human Geminin mAb is derived from hybridization of mouse SP2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant human Geminin amino acids 1-209 purified from E. coli. (prospecbio.com)
  • Regulation of geminin by neuropeptide Y in vascular smooth muscle cell" by Shi-Yu Liang, You-Li Zhou et al. (edu.au)
  • We previously demonstrated the critical involvement of SRC-2 in murine embryo implantation as well as in human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) decidualization, a cellular transformation process required for trophoblast invasion and ultimately placentation. (frontiersin.org)
  • After implantation differentiation of trophoblast large cells which get excited about the remodeling from the maternal uterus during implantation is certainly achieved through many endocycles resulting in boosts of DNA articles up to 1000N (48). (bioerc-iend.org)
  • In normal pregnancy, trophoblast cells positively contribute to implantation and placentation, which is essential for the crosstalk at the fetal-maternal interface in a healthy pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although hepatic progenitors, also called hepatic oval cells in rat, are less sensitive to TGF- β 1 than mature hepatocytes [ 7 ], TGF- β 1 could cause hepatic progenitors obtaining myofibroblast cells phenotype and expressing collagen I through epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • METHODS: sEVs expressing tdTomato were generated, and their uptake into constituent liver cells was observed in vitro, as well as their sites of uptake and cells in the liver using a mouse model of liver cirrhosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • To identify whether and how hyperglycemia may compromise the endothelial barrier, we have employed an in vitro system of human endothelial cells obtained from umbilical veins and cultured in elevated glucose concentrations (20 mM). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • This study aimed to explore adipogenic transcriptional dynamics before (proliferation) and after (differentiation) initial preadipocyte differentiation in ducks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We explored 36 mRNA-seq libraries in order to study transcriptome dynamics during proliferation and differentiation processes at 6 time points. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For the first time we comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome dynamics of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But the dynamics of this relationship during differentiation and cell cycle have been poorly understood. (fsu.edu)
  • Profibrogenesis cytokine, transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β 1, induces hepatic progenitors experiencing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) to matrix synthesis cells, even tumor initiating cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Activation of p53 efficiently counteracts deacetylase-mediated repression and induces cell cycle arrest by activating the p21 gene. (bio2009.org)
  • A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores. (studylib.net)
  • A cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. (studylib.net)
  • We also found that SRC-3 depletion in cultured HESCs results in a significant attenuation in the induction of a wide-range of established biomarkers of decidualization, despite exposure of these cells to a deciduogenic stimulus and normal progesterone receptor expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • These results revealed a potent proliferation block and induction of differentiation in non-DS-AMKL and ML-DS samples, however, the therapeutic efficacy of LSD1 inhibition may be limited by its non-linear dose-response relationship. (nature.com)
  • This, in turn, creates a clonal population of a single abnormal cell. (medscape.com)
  • The presence of neoplastic islands, classified as large or small according to the number of cells in the ITF, has been described as the most aggressive pattern compared to tumors with a more uniform growth pattern, as tumor invasion occurs in a more widespread manner as cellular islands or single cells 4 . (nature.com)
  • We have found that repositioning occurs simultaneously with the DNA replication phase of the cell cycle of the differentiating parasite. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Switching compounds at week 8 is done to avoid a potential plateau on a steroid cycle by circumventing the supposed androgen receptor downregulation that occurs after a couple months on the same steroid. (moreplatesmoredates.com)
  • The long-term goal of our laboratory is to understand how the cell-cycle events of meiosis are coordinated with the developmental and metabolic events of gametogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • While highly conserved through evolution the cell routine continues to be modified to adjust to brand-new developmental applications extensively. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • ab115124 is suitable for specifically measuring total histone H3 acetylation using a variety of mammalian cells including fresh and frozen tissues, and cultured adherent and suspension cells. (abcam.com)
  • Many transitions in the business from the cell routine are found during early mammalian advancement. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • Hepatic progenitors obtain the myofibroblast phenotype after EMT and lose this phenotype after MET, yet the variation of progenitor cell characteristics is still not clear during the EMT/MET process. (hindawi.com)
  • For example, the epithelial−mesenchymal transition phenotype presents more cells with a lower degree of differentiation and greater cell dissociation in the ITF than in other tumor areas 14 , 15 . (nature.com)
  • It has been shown that mouse experimental liver fibrosis [ 11 , 12 ] and hepatic stellate cell activation could be alleviated by heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • however, chromosome replication begins immediately in the daughter cell with the stalk and when the swarmer loses its tail (Stanford). (kenyon.edu)
  • We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The overarching theme of this Program will be to define how the cell cycle coordinates epigenetic events and chromosome remodeling and how this impacts on pluripotency and cell fate decisions. (grantome.com)
  • A second focus of this project will be to understand the role of Rifl in chromosome organization and cell fate decisions. (grantome.com)
  • Rifl is essential for establishing the correct replication timing program and is likely to have critical roles in chromosome reorganization during differentiation. (grantome.com)
  • After a virus has successfully entered and completed replication in initial cells, it spreads through plasmodesmata by way of the leaf tissue or other tissues, and colonizes distal tissues within the plant, top to a susceptible interaction, with illness because the final outcome [36,37]. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • The blastocyst includes two cell Dalcetrapib types: the trophectoderm (TE) that provides rise towards the placenta and an internal cell mass Dalcetrapib (ICM) that the complete fetus and area of the extraembryonic tissue will establish. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)
  • EGFR is expressed by epithelial and endothelial cells and is frequently expressed by epithelial carcinomas. (biolegend.com)
  • For the first time we show that, PKC-3, a key component of the machinery that determines the front (anterior) from the back (posterior) of the embryo directly controls SLD-2 distribution, which might explain how the polarisation of the embryo causes changes in the proliferation of different cell lineages. (eur.nl)
  • The DNA within the nuclei of our cells carries the information to generate the machinery of the cell, the cell itself, our tissues and then the whole human. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • It is increasingly clear that DNA viruses exploit cellular epigenetic processes to control their life cycles during infection. (mdpi.com)
  • The proliferation ability and differentiation potential of these cells were suppressed by TGF- β 1, while EGF resumed these capacities to the level similar to the control cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Our results have implications for the control of cell differentiation and division in African trypanosomes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The canonical watch about the control of the cell routine is in fact getting challenged by in vivo research. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • Hepatic progenitors are responsive to many growth and differentiation factors [ 5 ], and the behavior of hepatic progenitors, either regenerating the liver or promoting fibrogenesis, is regulated and determined by the microenvironment in the injured liver [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • As we know, epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an endogenous cell proliferation cytokine, which played a central role in regulating hepatocyte growth and liver regeneration [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein and member of the protein kinase superfamily that regulates cell growth and differentiation. (biolegend.com)
  • Initial exponential tumor growth is followed by a plateau phase when cell death nearly equals the rate of formation of daughter cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This is consistent with a model of replication timing regulation where the timing is the outcome of stochastic origin firing and is not affected by the precise environment within a cell. (fsu.edu)
  • This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Clinical and cell-based studies as well as investigations on mice have demonstrated pivotal roles for each SRC in numerous physiological and pathophysiological contexts, underscoring their functional pleiotropy. (frontiersin.org)
  • All Projects will heavily utilize the Stem Cell Core (Core A), the Bioinformatics Core (Core B), and will be supported by an Administrative Core (Core C). The Cores have key roles in supporting activities that would not be feasible outside the framework of a Program Project. (grantome.com)
  • During metazoan development, the cell cycle is remodelled to coordinate proliferation with differentiation. (eur.nl)
  • Finally, we manually assembled a proposed regulation network model of subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation base on the expression data, and suggested that E2F1 may serve as an important link between the processes of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cells and tissues play a fundamental role in advancing our understanding of biological processes. (filosofia-internet.net)
  • What strategies does the oocyte use to protect itself from inappropriate DNA replication? (nih.gov)
  • How does cell-cycle status within the ovarian cyst influence the differentiation of the oocyte? (nih.gov)
  • The endocycle is certainly popular among multicellular microorganisms and it is associated with development and differentiation (e.g. nurse cells and follicular cells from the oocyte cyst). (bioerc-iend.org)
  • Hepatic oval cells, rat hepatic progenitors, were isolated from rats fed a choline-deficient diet supplemented with ethionine. (hindawi.com)
  • During TGF- β 1-induced transition and EGF-induced reversion, hepatic oval cells sustained their progenitor cell marker expression, including α -fetoprotein, albumin, and cytokeratin-19. (hindawi.com)
  • EGF reverses the characteristics impaired by TGF- β 1 in hepatic oval cells, serving as a protective cytokine to hepatic progenitors. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine the progenitor cell marker expression, proliferation capacity, and differentiation potential of hepatic progenitors in TGF- β 1-induced EMT transition and EGF-induced reversion. (hindawi.com)
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that overexpression of Fgf18 in hepatocytes results in an increase in the number of Lrat+ hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), thereby inducing fibrosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a crucial role in liver fibrosis by producing excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) following chronic inflammation. (bvsalud.org)
  • This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)