• The target genes were predicted by the online programs picTar, miRanda and TargetScan and verified by dual luciferase assay, and changes in protein expression were detected by western blot. (researchsquare.com)
  • Because of their unique expression profile and special functions, miRNAs have been used as molecular markers to define the direction and processes of cell differentiation by regulating one or several target genes. (researchsquare.com)
  • In addition, their osteogenic differentiation potential was increased, and genes involved in cell adhesion, FGF-2 signalling, cell cycle, stemness, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation were upregulated, compared to that of the MSCs cultured on uncoated plates. (hindawi.com)
  • DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Subsequently, T cells receiving PD-1 signals displayed impaired Cdk2 activation and failed to phosphorylate two critical Cdk2 substrates, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and the TGFβ-specific transcription factor Smad3 , leading to suppression of E2F target genes but enhanced Smad3 transactivation (Figure 3). (shu.edu)
  • To understand the development of adiposity, it is crucial to identify the genes which expression is associated with adipogenic differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proliferation cluster comprised 1028 genes up-regulated from days 3 to 8 of culture meanwhile the differentiation cluster was characterized by 2140 induced genes from days 15 to 21. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proliferation was characterized by enrichment in genes involved in basic cellular and metabolic processes (transcription, ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein folding), cellular remodelling and autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the other hand, the terminal differentiation phase was enriched with genes involved in energy production, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overall, our study demonstrates the coordinated expression of functionally related genes during proliferation and differentiation of rainbow trout adipocyte cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mammalian Hes basic helix-loop-helix repressor genes play central roles in these processes by maintaining progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • In many organs, cell proliferation and differentiation are antagonistically regulated by multiple basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) activator and repressor genes. (biologists.com)
  • In particular,the Hes bHLH repressor genes play an essential role in the development of many organs by maintaining progenitor cells and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • We will mainly focus on the roles of the mouse Hes genes, but also compare them with the zebrafish Hes genes (called the her family of genes)( Table 1 ). (biologists.com)
  • 1) The alternation of protein levels of critical oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, which causes by miRNAs deregulation may also lead to proliferative diseases such as cancer. (ukessays.com)
  • Conclusions/Significance Mir-17 -20 and -106b downregulate a common group of pro- and anti-proliferative focus on genes to effect cell routine development of USSC and boost intracellular activity of E2F transcription elements to govern G1/S changeover. (techblessing.com)
  • The activity of egl-1 is controlled in a cell-specific fashion by other genes that specify which cells are to live and which are to die. (pdfdrugs.com)
  • One of these genes, let-60 , encodes a Ras protein that functions as aswitch in the pathway of vulval induction. (pdfdrugs.com)
  • One of these genes, lin-35 , encodes a protein similar to the product of the human tumor suppressor gene Rb, and two other genes, dpl-1 and efl-1 , encode DP and E2F transcription factors, respectively. (pdfdrugs.com)
  • Many of these genes encode proteins similar to known transcription factors, and our studies indicate that the generation of cell diversity during development is in part regulated by a cascade of interacting transcription factors. (pdfdrugs.com)
  • Promotes G0-G1 transition when phosphorylated by CDK3/cyclin-C. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. (abcam.cn)
  • Antioxidant genes such as ferritin are transcriptionally activated in oxidative stress via the antioxidant responsive element (ARE), to which nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) binds and activates transcription. (embl.de)
  • We had shown earlier that transcription of the cell cycle genes cyclin D1 and cyclin A in chondrocytes is dependent on CREs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we demonstrate that overexpression of ATF3 in primary mouse chondrocytes results in reduced transcription of both genes, as well as decreased activity of a CRE reporter plasmid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A substantial portion of the regulatory interactions in the higher eukaryotic cell are mediated by simple sequence motifs in the regulatory segments of genes and (pre-)mRNAs, and in the intrinsically disordered regions of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, STARD12/14 could regulate the ferroptosis related genes. (medsci.org)
  • Remarkably, during L1 starvation, insulin/IGF-1 receptor signaling (IIS), as well as the pathogenic, toxin, and oxidative stress-responsive genes, are repressed by LIN-35. (ehu.eus)
  • Additionally, hpl-2 mutant animals also exhibited upregulation of autophagic genes, suggesting that SynMuv/DRM proteins participate in this process. (ehu.eus)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • AP-1 controls a number of cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • AP-1 transcription factor has been shown to have a hand in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the senescent cells remain viable, they show typical changes with enlarged and flattened cell bodies, apoptosis resistance, increased activity of senescence-associated β -galactosidase (SA- β -gal), and upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors including p16 INK4A , ARF proteins, and p21 [ 13 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Keywords: Dicer p21 cell cycle apoptosis HACAT miRNA signaling pathway p53 5 Introduction p53 is a versatile transcription factor which integrates information from unbalanced mitotic oncogenic or metabolic stress into graded cellular responses such as cell cycle arrest senescence DNA repair block of angiogenesis or apoptosis. (careersfromscience.org)
  • As a consequence, any modulations of the target transcript expression, miRNAs can affect various signalling pathways and cellular process such as apoptosis, proliferation or differentiation. (ukessays.com)
  • Cancer genetics, DNA damage response, apoptosis, cell cycle My current research is focused on two transcription factors that respond to DNA damage and play important roles in regulating tumor development. (mdanderson.org)
  • Methylation by PRMT1 hinders methylation by PRMT5, which augments E2F-1-dependent apoptosis, whereas PRMT5-dependent methylation favors proliferation by antagonizing methylation by PRMT1. (embl.de)
  • The ability of E2F-1 to prompt apoptosis in DNA damaged cells coincides with enhanced PRMT1 methylation. (embl.de)
  • The pocket protein family controls several cellular functions such as cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis, among others. (ehu.eus)
  • Using computational predictions, we revealed that HPV-positive cervical cancers are regulated by transcription factors including, SOX2, E2F, NANOG, OCT4, and MYC, which control various processes such as the renewal of cancer stem cells, and the proliferation and differentiation of tumour cells. (fortuneonline.org)
  • 3) that were divided into two major clusters corresponding to the main phases observed during the preadipocyte culture: proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, growth of adipose tissue includes the hypertrophy of already existing adipocytes and the proliferation and differentiation of new ones from MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Embryogenesis involves orchestrated processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. (biologists.com)
  • In this primer, we describe the key features of Hes factors and detail their roles in some representative processes of embryogenesis: namely, in the development of the nervous and digestive systems, two well-characterized processes, where Hes1 (and Hes3 and Hes5 in the nervous system) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and in the process of somite segmentation, where Hes7 functions as a biological clock. (biologists.com)
  • We explored 36 mRNA-seq libraries in order to study transcriptome dynamics during proliferation and differentiation processes at 6 time points. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we manually assembled a proposed regulation network model of subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation base on the expression data, and suggested that E2F1 may serve as an important link between the processes of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For the first time we comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome dynamics of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coordinated chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation are required for normal endochondral bone growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Growth and development of endochondral bones is controlled through the highly coordinated proliferation and differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
  • PD-1 blocks cell cycle progression in the G 1 phase. (shu.edu)
  • Thus, PD-1 targets Ras and PI3K/Akt signaling to inhibit transcription of Skp2 and to activate Smad3 as an integral component of a pathway that regulates blockade of cell cycle progression in T lymphocytes. (shu.edu)
  • It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
  • p53 arrests cells during G1 progression and G1/S transit by inducing the CDK-inhibitory protein p21CIP1 and microRNA cluster miR-34a. (careersfromscience.org)
  • T he presence and activity of various proteins are required in the cell cycle progression. (ukessays.com)
  • The cyclinD/CDK4/6 complexes induce the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and the release of E2F, which trigger G1 cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, cyclin A binding to E2F-1 impedes PRMT1 methylation and augments PRMT5 methylation, thus ensuring that E2F-1 is locked into its cell-cycle progression mode. (embl.de)
  • These repressors could down-regulate CRE-dependent transcription and thus cause delay of cell cycle progression and/or promote cell cycle exit during terminal differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pocket proteins Rb, p107 and p130 play central roles in cell cycle progression and differentiation. (eu.org)
  • Pocket proteins play essential roles in cell cycle progression, quiescence and differentiation, and their functional disruption is associated with human cancer. (eu.org)
  • The most studied function of the Rb protein is in the regulation of cell cycle progression at the G1/S boundary ( Giacinti,2006 ). (eu.org)
  • The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
  • Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
  • But, how does PD-1 blunt the anti-tumor immune response? (shu.edu)
  • Anti-PD-1 antibodies (dark green) or anti-PD-L1 antibodies (light green) can prevent the tumor cell from binding PD-1 and thus allow T cells to remain active. (shu.edu)
  • Furthermore, senescent cells, with the secretory features known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), could produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein1 (MCP-1), to greatly affect the neighboring cells [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We discovered that activation of BMP signaling promotes the exit of DIPG tumor cells from 'prolonged stem-cell-like' state to differentiation by epigenetically regulating CXXC5, which acts as a tumor suppressor and positive regulator of BMP signaling. (nature.com)
  • miR-34a inhibits CDK2 CDK4 and CDK6 as well as E2F a transcription factor that after release from the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor Rb initiates S-phase entry. (careersfromscience.org)
  • Natural killer cells are cytolytic lymphocytes belonging to the innate immune system and are involved in anti-viral and anti-tumor responses ( 1 ) and are recognized as major players in immune-mediated anti-tumor therapies ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Lung cancer is the first leading diagnosed malignant tumor globally [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
  • [ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore XXL-USSC screen particular neurotransmitter phenotypes including manifestation of GABA [1] dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) the main element enzyme from the dopaminergic pathway [3]. (techblessing.com)
  • The retinoblastoma-E2F pathway, which regulates the cell cycle, has been demonstrated to be upstream of EZH2, which is required for proliferative gene expression and E2F-driven proliferation. (targetedonc.com)
  • North S, El-Ghissassi F, Pluquet O, Verhaegh G, Hainaut P. The cytoprotective aminothiol WR1065 activates p21waf-1 and down regulates cell cycle progressionthrough a p53-dependent pathway. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Taken together, we uncover a landscape of the key regulatory pathways and proteins in HPV-positive cervical cancers, all of which may provide attractive drug targets for future therapeutics. (fortuneonline.org)
  • The suppressive effect of PD-1 on Skp2 expression was mediated by inhibition of both PI3K/Akt and Ras/MEK/Erk pathways and was only partially reversed by IL-2, which restored activation of MEK/Erk but not Akt. (shu.edu)
  • Role of RIP140 in estrogen and E2F pathways. (scirp.org)
  • At the proliferation stage, proliferation related pathways and basic cellular and metabolic processes were inhibited, while regulatory factors that initiate differentiation enter the ready-to-activate state, which provides a precondition for initiating adipose differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis, pathways positively related to adipogenic differentiation are significantly activated at the differentiation stage, while WNT, FOXO and other pathways that inhibit preadipocyte differentiation are negatively regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The engulfment of a dying cell involves two parallel signal transduction pathways: theABC transporter CED-7 promotes cell-corpse recognition by the CED-1 transmembrane receptor, while the CED-2 Crk protein and the CED-10 Rac GTPase promote cytoskeletal reorganization and cell shape changes by the engulfing cell. (pdfdrugs.com)
  • In this review, we highlight that many of the key regulatory pathways of the cell are recruited by motifs and that the ease of motif acquisition has resulted in large networks of co-regulated biomolecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TBC1D15 activated three novel oncogenic pathways to promote self-renewal, p53 loss, and Nanog transcription in TICs. (nature.com)
  • Consequently, it regulates both transcriptional repression and activation [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Repression of cyclin A transcription by ATF3 required the CRE in the cyclin A promoter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As in normal stem cells, EZH2 is highly expressed in cancer stem cell populations and suppresses differentiation via repression of lineage-specific factors to maintain these populations. (targetedonc.com)
  • Additionally, DBC1 knockdown eliminated the up-regulation of MMP7, EMT-related proteins, and cell cycle-related proteins as well as the enhanced proliferation and invasiveness induced by ZNF326. (cancerindex.org)
  • We validated miR-1-mediated regulation of ANGPT2 in both mouse and human ECs and found that in a 119-patient pneumonia cohort, miR-1 correlated inversely with ANGPT2. (bvsalud.org)
  • Regulation of the timing of cell differentiation and cell fate choice are key issues for making organs of the right size, shape and cell composition. (biologists.com)
  • 1) The regulation of these protein levels is vital for the understanding of the cell cycle control and its dysregulation. (ukessays.com)
  • 1) For example, the down-regulation of miR15s and miR - 16 - 1 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, prostate cancer and pituitary tumours, leading to the inhibition of tumour growth and induce cell cycle arrest at the G 1 - phase by target cell cycle regulators ( cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cyclin D3 and CDK6). (ukessays.com)
  • Cell-cycle-related proteins, such as cyclins or cyclin-dependent kinases, may have functions beyond that of cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All of them are present in the hippocampus, where they participate in the regulation of synaptic functionality and gene transcription [ 12 - 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, transcriptional dynamic regulation of adipose differentiation driven by complex signal cascades remains largely unexplored in this model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptional regulation of the human ferritin gene by coordinated regulation of Nrf2 and protein arginine methyltransferases PRMT1 and PRMT4. (embl.de)
  • PRMT6 is a protein arginine methyltransferase that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis. (embl.de)
  • Chromatin target of Prmt1 (Chtop) is a vertebrate-specific chromatin-bound protein that plays an important role in transcriptional regulation. (embl.de)
  • Our data suggest that transcriptional induction of the Atf3 gene in maturing chondrocytes results in down-regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin A expression as well as activation of RUNX2-dependent transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we contrast the regulatory properties of protein motifs and the regulatory elements of DNA and (pre-)mRNAs, advocating that co-regulation, co-operativity, and motif-driven regulatory programs are common mechanisms that emerge from the use of simple, evolutionarily plastic regulatory modules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MiRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which are recognized as vital and evolutionarily ancient components of gene regulation [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • North S, Moenner M, Bikfalvi A. Recent developments in the regulation of the angiogenic switch by cellular stress factors in tumors. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Espanel X, Le Cam L, North S, Sardet C, Brun G, Gillet G. Regulation of E2F-1 gene expression in avian cells. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)
  • Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)
  • Employing a cell cycle-wide phospho-proteomic approach we detected neglectable changes in abundance and schedule of overall and cell cycle periodic protein expression despite cell cycle arrest of Dicer1-depleted cells. (careersfromscience.org)
  • The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. (abcam.cn)
  • The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
  • We found that the levels of a VEGF-regulated microRNA, microRNA-1 (miR-1), were reduced in the lung endothelium after acute injury. (bvsalud.org)
  • Five friends of methylated chromatin target of protein-arginine-methyltransferase[prmt]-1 (chtop), a complex linking arginine methylation to desumoylation. (embl.de)
  • The EZH2 gene encodes the protein EZH2, a histone methyltransferase and the core enzymatic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is involved in chromatin compaction and transcriptional silencing ( FIGURE ). (targetedonc.com)
  • The LxCxE motif binds to all pocket proteins and is present in chromatin regulators such as HDAC and KDM5A and in viral proteins. (eu.org)
  • Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays both demonstrated that ZNF326 interacted with deleted in breast cancer-1 (DBC1) in breast cancer cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into multiple cell lineages can be exploited as an attractive strategy for cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The ECM provides structural and biochemical support to the cells and has various other functions including cell adhesion, cell to cell communication, and differentiation [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Understanding how DNA replication is regulated in human cells can provide insight into cancer development and may reveal vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Cells have a protein on their surface called PD-1 (in orange above). (shu.edu)
  • PD-1 expression by cancer cells blocks the proliferation of T-cells. (shu.edu)
  • In order to understand the development of adiposity, it is crucial to identify the factors and mechanisms that regulate the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the vascular stromal fraction of the adipose tissue and its transformation into lipid-filled adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Embryogenesis depends on the timely proliferation of progenitor cells and their subsequent differentiation into multiple cell types. (biologists.com)
  • For example, in the developing nervous system of mouse embryos,progenitor cells proliferate and sequentially give rise to different types of cells by changing their differentiation competency. (biologists.com)
  • They further link to the activation of protein kinase C- (PKC-) induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 6 , 7 ], which further mediates the activation of downstream transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κ B). Thus, the main treatments of DN refer to modulate glycemic and blood pressure through insulin and RAS inhibitors. (hindawi.com)
  • introduced a new concept of CKD-associated secretory phenotype (CASP), which indicates that senescent renal cells could secrete SASP components of various cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- α [ 19 , 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, targeting the prolonged stem-cell-like state of DIPG cells to differentiation has been proposed as a potential strategy for DIPG treatment. (nature.com)
  • Mouse studies have suggested that Acvr1 G328V cooperates with Hist1h3b K27M and Pik3ca H1047R to generate high-grade diffuse gliomas, specifically by arresting the differentiation of oligodendroglial lineage cells 16 . (nature.com)
  • These observations corroborate and extend published data indicating that miRNAs are required for stem cells to bypass the G1/S checkpoint.1 Figure?1. (careersfromscience.org)
  • Outcomes MCC single-cell transcriptome at deuterosome stage To recognize regulators of centriole multiplication, we examined the transcriptome of individual airway epithelial cells (HAECs) on the differentiation stage matching to energetic centriole multiplication23 on the single-cell level (Fig.?1a). (cckn-ia.org)
  • Gene appearance data from 1663 cells had been projected on the 2D space by and (Fig.?1d, Supplementary Amount?1 and Supplementary Desk?1). (cckn-ia.org)
  • Intro Unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC) from human being cord bloodstream constitute a uncommon CD45-adverse population with the capacity of inducible homogenous differentiation into all three germinal levels [1] [2]. (techblessing.com)
  • Additionally utilizing a cocktail of development and differentiation elements (XXL-medium) differentiation of USSC into cells of neuronal lineage (XXL-USSC) expressing neurofilament and Vandetanib trifluoroacetate sodium route proteins was acquired [3]. (techblessing.com)
  • The TME consists of various cellular components, including immune cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix, along with soluble factors and signaling molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Sox9 gene is required for the differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells to chondrocytes and, together with the related L-Sox5 and Sox6 proteins, controls chondrocyte-specific gene expression [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Their function is regulated by the activation of a number of activating and inhibitory receptors that bind to specific ligands expressed on the surface of target cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In particular, NK cells mediate their cytolytic function through the engagement of activating receptors, such as NKG2D, DNAM-1, NKp30, NKp46, and NKp44 ( 3 , 4 ), or following pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, NK cells are poised to release cytokines such as IFN- γ , TNF-α and growth factors that can initiate inflammatory responses mediated by both the innate and the adaptive arm of the immune system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cytokinesis in animal cells relies on a centralspindlin complex consisting of male germ cell RacGap (MgcRacGAP) and mitotic kinesin-like protein 1 (MKLP1). (shengsci.com)
  • This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • The SMAD proteins are a family of transcription factors consisting of 8 members, SMAD1-8, which are further subdivided into 3 classes based on structural and functional properties. (shu.edu)
  • We describe the residue-specific methylation of E2F-1 by the asymmetric dimethylating protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) and symmetric dimethylating PRMT5 and relate the marks to different functional consequences of E2F-1 activity. (embl.de)
  • The assembly of PRMT6 protein network allowed us to formulate functional hypotheses which led to the discovery of new molecular partners for the architectural transcription factor HMGA1a, a known substrate for PRMT6, and to provide evidences for a modulatory role of HMGA1a on the methyltransferase activity of PRMT6. (embl.de)
  • Maurici D, Monti P, Campomenosi P, North S, Frebourg T, Fronza G, Hainaut P. Amifostine (WR2721) restores transcriptional activity of specific p53 mutant proteins in a yeast functional assay. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • However this neuronal lineage differentiation of USSC is apparently limited since patch-clamp analyses didn't detect voltage triggered fast inactivating Na+ current [1] [3] indicating that XXL-USSC MYH9 never have yet developed a completely practical neuronal phenotype. (techblessing.com)
  • Poly-L-lysine (PLL) of extracellular matrix proteins is a small natural homopolymer of the essential amino acid L-lysine that is used to coat culture substrates. (hindawi.com)
  • The AP-1 subunit Jun was identified as a novel oncoprotein of avian sarcoma virus, and Fos-associated p39 protein was identified as the transcript of the cellular Jun gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The growth factors TGF alpha, TGF beta, and IL2 have all been shown to stimulate c-Fos, and thereby stimulate cellular proliferation via AP-1 activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Changes in cellular gene expression in the initiation of DNA synthesis and the formation of differentiated derivatives can lead to cellular differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies show that replicative senescence or cellular senescence is induced by intrinsic or extrinsic environmental factors [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Cellular aging or cellular senescence is the critical factor for the process of aging. (hindawi.com)
  • The p53 interacting partner protein NUMB (homology of numb protein) preserves this intrinsic cellular asymmetry by preventing ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of p53 catalyzed by the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase 11 . (nature.com)
  • AP-1 was first discovered as a TPA-activated transcription factor that bound to a cis-regulatory element of the human metallothionein IIa (hMTIIa) promoter and SV40. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since its discovery, AP-1 has been found to be associated with numerous regulatory and physiological processes, and new relationships are still investigated. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of AR-V7-driven transcription is limited. (cancerindex.org)
  • Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the mechanism of tumorigenesis in breast cancer and further identify key regulatory factors. (researchsquare.com)
  • Here, we conducted a systems-level analysis of the regulatory network changes, and the associated regulatory proteins thereof, in HPV-positive cervical cancer. (fortuneonline.org)
  • We observe that each gene and its products have a unique set of DNA, RNA or protein motifs that encode a regulatory program to define the logical circuitry that guides the life cycle of these biomolecules, from transcription to degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The life of a gene product, from transcription to degradation, is controlled by a series of regulatory decisions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • North S, Espanel X, Tavitian B, Brun G, Gillet G. Two distinct regulatory elements control quail cdc2 transcription: possible involvement in the control of retinoblast differentiation. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • The cyclin D1-Cdk4 complex phosphorylates the pRB protein leading to sequential phosphorylation by cyclin E-Cdk2 and release of free E2F. (shu.edu)
  • The antibody has been negatively preadsorbed using a non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the site of phosphorylation to remove antibody that is reactive with non-phosphorylated Rb protein. (abcam.cn)
  • Upon phosphorylation of S608 in a flexible linker of Rb, this "RbLoop" mimics the LxDLFD groove motif, competing with E2F binding. (eu.org)
  • Below are some of the other important functions and biological roles AP-1 transcription factors have been shown to be involved in. (wikipedia.org)
  • The biological role and underlying mechanism of action of zinc-finger protein 326 (ZNF326) in malignant tumors, including breast cancer, are still not clear. (cancerindex.org)
  • Based on biological analysis, miR-20b-5p was hypothesized to be a key factor due to the malignant behavior of BCSCs. (researchsquare.com)
  • Recent studies, including our previous findings, have demonstrated that miRNAs play an important role in regulating biological functions [6-8]. (researchsquare.com)
  • The mechanisms that underlie and dictate the different biological outcomes of E2F-1 activity have yet to be elucidated. (embl.de)
  • Our results define an exquisite level of precision in the reader-writer interplay that governs the biological outcome of E2F-1 activity. (embl.de)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in regulating various biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous reports indicate that the mechanisms of DN involve a multifactorial interaction of metabolic and hemodynamic factors such as high blood glucose, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). (hindawi.com)
  • ALDH1A3 is epigenetically regulated during melanocyte transformation and is a target for melanoma treatment. (univ-amu.fr)
  • The Tudor domain protein p100-TSN reads the symmetric methylation mark, and binding of p100-TSN downregulates E2F-1 apoptotic activity. (embl.de)
  • When PD-1 binds to PD-L1 (yellow) on another cell, the T cell becomes deactivated. (shu.edu)
  • Programmed cell death appears to be initiated by the transcriptional activation of egl-1 , the protein product of which binds the mitochondrial protein CED-9 and causes the release of CED-4 from CED-9 and the translocation of CED-4from the mitochondrial to the nuclear membrane. (pdfdrugs.com)
  • LIG_RB_pABgroove_1 (LxDLFD), LIG_RB_LxCxE_1 (LxCxE) and LIG_RBL1_LxSxE_2 (LxSxE).The LxDLFD motif binds to a deep groove formed between the A and B subdomains and is present in E2F family transcription factors (E2F1-5). (eu.org)
  • Seating at the top of the cascade, the Geminin-related factors GemC14C7 and Multicilin8,9 (MCIDAS in mammals) are both necessary and sufficient to initiate MCC differentiation. (cckn-ia.org)
  • Here, we show that amyloid fibrils of Aβ1-40 peptide can effectively initiate amyloid formation in different globular proteins and metabolites, converti. (shengsci.com)
  • Moreover, PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are being tested in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and other modalities. (shu.edu)
  • 1 “Additionally, it has been proposed that in some cancers, these enzymes repress anti-oncogenes, and treatment with EZH2/1 inhibitors might result in re-expression of these anti-oncogenes. (targetedonc.com)
  • This gene is located in a cluster of closely related salivary proline-rich proteins on chromosome 12. (cancerindex.org)
  • One such mechanism involves the upregulation of immune checkpoints, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86)/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Apart from the "leucine zipper" and the "basic region" which are important for dimerization and DNA-binding, the c-jun protein contains three short regions, which consist of clusters of negatively charged amino acids in its N-terminal half that are important for transcriptional activation in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • MiR-20b-5p directly targeted both CCND1 and E2F1 in a dual luciferase assay, while antagomir-20b-5p downregulated the protein levels of CCND1 and E2F1. (researchsquare.com)
  • One example is the activating transcription factor/cyclicAMP response element-binding protein (ATF/CREB) family that is defined by the ability of its members to bind to the cyclicAMP response element (CRE) in target promoters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The shortening of telomeres constitutes an intrinsic factor, whereas DNA damage is considered an extrinsic factor. (hindawi.com)
  • Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare and incurable pediatric brain cancer with survival of less than 1 year 1 . (nature.com)
  • Pulmonary endothelial cell-specific (EC-specific) overexpression of miR-1 protected the lung against cell death and barrier dysfunction in both murine and human models and increased the survival of mice after pneumonia-induced ALI. (bvsalud.org)
  • An especially interesting candidate within this category was (Fig.?1d), which relates to the cell routine regulators and gene exists in the vertebrate genomic locus that also includes the main element MCC regulators throughout HAEC differentiation was indeed seen in (±)-BAY-1251152 an unbiased RNA sequencing research, performed on the mass population of HAECs (Supplementary Amount?2b). (cckn-ia.org)
  • however, over the last 10 years many of the key transcriptional regulators of chondrocyte differentiation have been identified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to these key regulators of chondrocyte maturation, numerous other transcription factors have been implicated in this process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using a chemo-genetic approach, we identify BET bromodomain containing proteins BRD2 and BRD4 as central regulators of NK cell functions, including direct cytokine secretion, NK cell contact-dependent inflammatory cytokine secretion from monocytes as well as NK cell cytolytic functions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs), SMAD1, 2, 3, 5, and 8, are the only SMADs directly phosphorylated and activated by the kinase domain of type I receptors. (shu.edu)
  • These processes are regulated by a large number of endocrine, paracrine and autocrine hormones and growth factors that, to a large part, act on chondrocyte cell surface receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TBC1D15-NOTCH1 interaction activated and stabilized NOTCH1 which upregulated transcription of NANOG essential for TIC expansion. (nature.com)
  • Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a protein that modifies histone and non-histone proteins and is known to influence a wide variety of physiological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To test our hypothesis that histone H4R3 and H3R17 methylation regulates ferritin transcription, H4R3 and H3R17 protein arginine (R) methyltransferases 1 and 4 (PRMT1 and PRMT4) were investigated. (embl.de)
  • Additionally, BRDs contain several catalytic domains that enable them to act as methyltransferases, ATP-dependent re-modellers or histone acetyltransferases and helicases ( 8 ) Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are a family of transcriptional mediators that regulate gene expression ( 8 , 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Many strikingly miR-17 -20 and -106b had been found to market cell proliferation by raising the intracellular activity of E2F transcription elements even though miR-17 -20 and -106b straight focus on the transcripts that encode because of this proteins family members. (techblessing.com)
  • Approximately 30-60 % of the human genome, regulated by miRNAs. (ukessays.com)
  • They regulate 60% of all known human mRNAs and play key roles in cell physiology differentiation and carcinogenesis. (careersfromscience.org)
  • control the stability and translation of protein-coding mRNAs. (ukessays.com)
  • Recently, efforts have revealed that HPV virus oncogenes inactivate the tumour suppressor proteins p53 and pRB, leading to increased genomic instability, and among other cancer hallmarks, and in some cases, integration of HPV into the host genome [6, 7]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • The following product was used in this experiment: CDK4 Polyclonal Antibody from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 11026-1-AP. (thermofisher.com)
  • CDK4 is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (thermofisher.com)
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
  • Despite of the relevance of this issue, very little is known about the factors regulating the development of adipose tissue in fish, and the possible health alterations associated to an increased fat deposition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Avian species do not have brown adipose tissue (BAT), and lack Uncoupling Protein 1 ( UCP1 ) [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ced-3 action is facilitated by ced-4 , which is similar to human Apaf-1, identified because it promotes mammalian caspase activation in vitro. (pdfdrugs.com)
  • ced-9 activity is inhibited by the worm killer gene egl-1 , which is similar to a number of mammalian killergenes. (pdfdrugs.com)
  • Here we demonstrate that Atf3 mRNA levels increase during mouse chondrocyte differentiation in vitro and in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, it posits CDC20B as an element of the multiciliary locus which has several gene (±)-BAY-1251152 items, either proteins, such as for example MCIDAS, CDC20B or CCNO itself, or microRNAs, such as for example miR-449abc, which are involved into vertebrate multiciliogenesis actively. (cckn-ia.org)
  • This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)
  • SNPC-4 is a transcription factor known to stimulate the activity of both RNA polymerase II and III, and we have found that RNA polymerase III (pol III) also exhibits increased occupancy in piRNA clusters. (yale.edu)
  • The binding of miRNA- protein complexes to mRNA causes translation inhibition or destabilisation of target transcripts. (ukessays.com)
  • 1) This is resulting in the downregulation of the protein encoded by mRNA. (ukessays.com)
  • For the mRNA analysis, RNA (1 mg) was reverse-transcribed by using the PrimeScript RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser (Tiangen), the mRNA level of the AK4 gene was quantified using duplex-qRT-PCR analysis where the Taqman probes with different fluorescence for β-actin were used in the FTC-3000P. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • C-fos has also been shown to increase in expression in response to the introduction of growth factors in the cell, further supporting its suggested involvement in the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • AP-1 transcription is deeply involved in the modulation of gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Comparative gene expression analysis and RISC recruitment assays identified miR-1 targets in the context of injury, including phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2), CNKSR family member 3 (CNKSR3), and TNF-α-induced protein 2 (TNFAIP2). (bvsalud.org)
  • Many aspects of Hes expression are regulated by Notch signaling, which mediates cell-cell communication. (biologists.com)
  • GemC1 and Multicilin in complex with E2F transcription factors have been reported to activate the expression of Myb, FoxJ1, Rfx2, and Rfx3, which collectively regulate the expression of a large body of effectors required for the formation of multiple motile cilia4,5,8C11. (cckn-ia.org)
  • The identified transcription factors influence both the global and specific gene expression of the BCLs and have possible implications for diagnosis and treat- ment. (lu.se)
  • Recently, pol III and core components of the pol III complex such as TFIIIC have been demonstrated to establish boundaries between genomic domains, and regulate gene expression within those domains. (yale.edu)
  • Dedieu S, Canron X, Rezvani HR, Bouchecareilh M, Mazurier F, Sinisi R, Zanda M, Moenner M, Bikfalvi A, North S. The cytoprotective drug amifostine modifies both expression and activity of the pro-angiogenic factor VEGF-A. BMC Med. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • To control the expression of some of its targets, LIN-35 interacts with E2F-DP (E2 transcription factor/dimerization partner complex) transcription factors and LIN-52, a member of SynMUV (Synthetic Muv) complex. (ehu.eus)
  • As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
  • The adenovirus E1A protein mimics the LxDLFD motif and competes with E2F for binding to Rb, promoting E2F activation and cell proliferation. (eu.org)
  • The AP-1 transcription factor has been shown to play numerous roles in cell growth and proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The LxDLFD motif ( LIG_RB_pABgroove_1 ) mediates binding to a highly conserved deep groove formed in the interface between the A and B subdomains of the Rb, p107 and p130 pocket domains. (eu.org)
  • a retinoblastoma protein (pRB)-related protein similar to p130. (ehu.eus)
  • Extensive interactions in the N-terminal flanking region of E2F increase Rb-binding affinity ( Lee,2002 ). (eu.org)
  • Activated complexes accumulate in the nucleus where they cooperate with DNA-binding cofactors to regulate target gene transcription. (shu.edu)
  • After translation, where is a protein localised, and what complexes should it join? (biomedcentral.com)
  • BRDs can act as scaffolds that enable the recruitment of large protein complexes or they can act as transcription factors themselves. (frontiersin.org)